Introduction to Oceanography
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Introduction to Oceanography explores the fundamental physical, chemical, biological, and geological processes that shape the worlds oceans. Students will investigate ocean currents, waves, tides, and marine ecosystems while considering the impact of oceans on global climate and human society. The course also examines the exploration and mapping of the seafloor, the cycles of oceanic nutrients and gases, and the interaction between the ocean and atmosphere. Through lectures, readings, and practical exercises, students gain an interdisciplinary understanding of the ocean as a dynamic and vital component of the Earth system.
Recommended Textbook Essentials Of Oceanography 11th Edition by Alan P. Trujillo
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
16 Chapters
1202 Verified Questions
1202 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2099 Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Planet Earth
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/41802
Sample Questions
Q1) mesosphere
A)plastic (capable of flow)portion of the upper mantle beneath the lithosphere
B)innermost layer of the Earth, a solid
C)lower portion of the mantle that is rigid
D)composed of iron, nickel, and sulfur
E)continental crust
F)oceanic crust
G)crust and the uppermost mantle consisting of a solid rock layer
Answer: C
Q2) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A) Mediterranean
B) Arctic
C) Atlantic
D) Indian
E) Pacific
Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: Plate Tectonics and the Ocean Floor
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
76 Verified Questions
76 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/41803
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true of the lithosphere?
A)The lithosphere is composed of outer mantle material.
B)The lithosphere is composed of igneous rock.
C)The lithosphere is composed of metamorphic rock.
D)The lithosphere is composed of the crust and the uppermost portion of the mantle.
E)The lithosphere is composed of the inner portion of the mantle and the outer core.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is characteristic of oceanic-continental convergent plate boundaries?
A)andesitic volcanoes
B)fracture zones
C)hot spots
D)mid-ocean ridges
E)volcanic island arcs
Answer: A
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
4
Chapter 3: Marine Provinces
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
74 Verified Questions
74 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/41804
Sample Questions
Q1) submarine canyon
A)flat depositional surfaces that cover extensive portions of the deep-ocean basins
B)deep linear scars on the deep-ocean floor caused by plate convergence
C)narrow and deep valleys on continental slopes
D)continental margins not in close proximity to any plate boundary
E)continental margin associated with lithospheric plate boundaries
F)a generally flat zone extending from the shore to the shelf break
G)shallow-water areas close to continents
Answer: C
Q2) The three major provinces of the ocean floor are continental margins, deep-ocean basins, and submarine canyons.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Direct and indirect observations indicate that rivers are responsible for the formation of submarine canyons.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 5
Chapter 4: Marine Sediments
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/41805
Sample Questions
Q1) Sediments that are poorly sorted were most likely deposited by:
A)a glacier.
B)a river delta.
C)organisms
D)a volcanic eruption.
E)the wind.
Q2) Biogenous sediments are indicated by the number(s):
A)1)
B)2 & 3.
C)2 & 4.
D)2, 3, & 4.
E)2, 3, 4, & 5.
Q3) Compare and contrast how neritic and pelagic sediment deposits are distributed.
Q4) coccolithophores
A)cosmogenous sediment
B)hydrogenous sediment
C)lithogenous (terrigenous)sediment
D)biogenous sediment
Q5) Compare and contrast marine environments that favor the deposition of siliceous and calcareous oozes.
6
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Water and Seawater
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/41806
Sample Questions
Q1) evaporation
A)evaporation
B)halocline
C)isocline
D)sublimation
E)thermocline
F)deposition
G)pycnocline
H)condensation
Q2) Water is a polar molecule.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In comparison to most other liquids, the heat capacity of liquid water is:
A)a function of salinity.
B)about the same as other liquids.
C)higher than other liquids.
D)lower than other liquids.
E)related to solvent concentration.
Q4) How does the ocean's salinity vary with depth?
Q5) Describe the various methods used to desalinate seawater.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Air-Sea Interaction
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/41807
Sample Questions
Q1) Distinguish between weather and climate.
Q2) The large atmospheric circulation cells that occur between the equator and 30° latitude in each hemisphere are called Hadley cells.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The two most abundant components of dry air are:
A)oxygen and carbon dioxide.
B)oxygen and water vapor.
C)carbon dioxide and water vapor.
D)nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
E)nitrogen and oxygen.
Q4) Discuss uneven solar heating as a function of latitude and how this contributes to the formation of global wind belts.
Q5) Cool, dense air causes low pressure at the surface, whereas warm, less dense air causes high pressure.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Why are there high-pressure areas at each pole and a low-pressure belt in the equatorial region?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: Ocean Circulation
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
74 Verified Questions
74 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/41808
Sample Questions
Q1) The five subtropical gyres exhibit geostrophic flow, related to pressure gradients, friction, and the Coriolis effect.
A)True
B)False
Q2) West Wind Drift
A)tropical latitudes
B)cold current, northern hemisphere, temperate latitudes
C)northern hemisphere, temperate latitudes, warm current
D)cold current, southern hemisphere, temperate latitudes
E)cold current, polar latitudes, southern hemisphere
Q3) Discuss the relationship between Ekman transport and geostrophic flow within a gyre. How does this relationship contribute to western intensification?
Q4) Western boundary currents such as the Gulf Stream transport warm water from the tropics towards higher latitudes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Surface currents affect about 90% of the world's ocean water.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 8: Waves and Water Dynamics
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/41809
Sample Questions
Q1) Using examples, explain how wave refraction is different from wave reflection.
Q2) disturbing force
A)movement of air across the air-water interface
B)destructive interference
C)movement of water of different densities along a water-water interface
D)the energy that causes ocean waves to form
E)movement of different air masses along an air-air interface
F)waves at the ocean surface involving longitudinal and transverse waves
G)constructive interference
H)reflection
Q3) The time between two successive waves is called the:
A)crest.
B)frequency.
C)height.
D)period.
E)trough.
Q4) Compare and contrast wind-generated waves and internal waves. Include in your answer a discussion of the forces that generate each wave type and the properties of each wave type such as size, wavelength, and period.
Q5) Compare shallow-water and deep-water waves.
Page 10
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 9: Tides
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/41810
Sample Questions
Q1) The center of mass of the Earth-Moon system is called the: A)aphelion.
B)apogee.
C)barycenter.
D)perigee.
E)perihelion.
Q2) In the United States semidiurnal tides commonly occur along the:
A)Atlantic coast.
B)Gulf of Alaska.
C)Gulf of Mexico coast.
D)Florida Keys.
E)Pacific coast.
Q3) The ________ force pulls an orbiting body toward the center of that orbit.
A)amphidromic
B)magnetic
C)centripetal
D)gravitational
E)tidal
Q4) Compare diurnal, semidiurnal, and mixed tidal patterns.
Q5) Describe the tides in an open-ocean basin.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 11
Chapter 10: The Coast: Beaches and Shoreline Processes
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/41811
Sample Questions
Q1) The coastal area affected by surf is referred to as the beach.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The particle size on a beach:
A)can be related to the frequency of storms.
B)is a function of the type of bedrock underlying the coastal area.
C)is related to whatever material is locally available.
D)shows seasonal variation only on low energy coasts.
E)varies only with storm intensity and duration.
Q3) Sea caves and sea stacks are more likely to occur in an area with hard bedrock.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The rate of wave erosion along a coastline is determined by all of the following except the:
A)amount of open ocean exposure.
B)coastal bedrock composition.
C)direction of the longshore current.
D)tidal range.
E)wave height.
Q5) Distinguish between an emerging shoreline and a submerging shoreline.
Page 12
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 11: The Coastal Ocean
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/41812
Sample Questions
Q1) Before the Deep-water Horizon blowout, the largest oil pollution event was the result of the Persian Gulf War in 1991.
A)True
B)False
Q2) a shallow lagoon separated from the open ocean by a bar deposit such as a barrier island
A)vertically mixed estuary
B)fjord
C)salt wedge estuary
D)highly stratified estuary
E)bar-built estuary
Q3) The Pamlico Sound, a body of water between coastal North Carolina and the barrier islands of Cape Hatteras and Ocracoke Island, is an example of a bar-built estuary.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The primary treatment of sewage involves the removal of inorganic nutrients from the liquid effluent.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 13
Chapter 12: Marine Life and the Marine Environment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/41813
Sample Questions
Q1) Stenothermal organisms are likely to be found in deep open-ocean water.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Osmosis occurs when salt ions diffuse through a selectively permeable membrane with a lower ion concentration.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Nekton are restricted to particular ocean areas by:
A)availability of food.
B)differences in water pressure with depth.
C)changes in salinity.
D)temperature variations with latitude and depth.
E)All of the above conditions may restrict the distribution of nekton.
Q4) The lowest and most specific level in Linnaeus' classification scheme is the family.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare and contrast the ways marine organisms are classified including: by mode of nutrition, location in the marine environment where they live, and size.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: Biological Productivity and Energy Transfer
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
77 Verified Questions
77 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/41814
Sample Questions
Q1) Energy flow in an ecosystem is:
A)bi-directional.
B)cyclic.
C)semi-conservative.
D)top down.
E)unidirectional.
Q2) Primary productivity in temperate marine systems is limited solely by the amount of available solar radiation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How can overfishing of target species lead to significant changes in marine ecosystems?
Q4) The relative productivity in the world's oceans from most productive to least productive is:
A)polar waters, temperate waters, tropical waters.
B)polar waters, tropical waters, temperate waters.
C)temperate waters, polar waters, tropical waters.
D)temperate waters, tropical waters, polar waters.
E)tropical waters, temperate waters, polar waters.
Q5) Why are upwelling zones generally more productive than coastal oceans?
15
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 14: Animals of the Pelagic Environment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/41815
Sample Questions
Q1) Briefly describe the taxonomic groups of marine mammals. List the characteristics of each group and name an organism that belongs to each taxonomic group.
Q2) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A) blubber
B) collapsible ribs
C) gas bladder
D) spines
E) swim bladder
Q3) Organisms such as a mackerel sharks and tunas that can maintain a relatively constant body temperature are referred to as:
A)homeothermic.
B)cold-blooded.
C)poikilothermic.
D)ectothermic.
E)None of the above is correct.
Q4) Describe the most common tail fin modifications and discuss the swimming styles associated with each fin modification.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 15: Animals of the Benthic Environment
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/41816
Sample Questions
Q1) Zooxanthellae are autotrophic marine protists that are found in the living tissues of some simple marine invertebrates such as corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish. Zooxanthellae are:
A)bacteria.
B)golden algae.
C)dinoflagellates.
D)protozoans.
E)foraminifera.
Q2) Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
A) regeneration
B) inking
C) mimicry
D) stinging cells
E) withdrawal into shell
Q3) Compare and contrast the environmental conditions that favor the growth of kelp forests and corals.
Q4) Discuss the role of sea urchins in kelp forest ecosystems.
Q5) Discuss the conditions that limit the distribution of corals worldwide.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 16: The Oceans and Climate Change
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/41817
Sample Questions
Q1) Sea surface temperatures have remained unchanged during the past 50 years.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Over the past 30 years, Earth's average surface temperature has risen by:
A)0)1°C.
B)0)6°C.
C)2)0°C.
D)2)6°C.
E)4)0°C.
Q3) Domestic cattle production and rice agriculture release relatively large amounts of which gas into the atmosphere?
A)carbon dioxide (CO )
B)chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
C)methane (CH )
D)ozone (O )
E)water vapor (H O)
Q4) Explain the processes currently responsible for worldwide sea level rise. How will these changes in sea level affect coastal nations?
Q5) Describe the role of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 18