Introduction to Nutrition Test Preparation - 1617 Verified Questions

Introduction to Nutrition Test Preparation

Course Introduction

Introduction to Nutrition explores the fundamental principles of human nutrition and the role it plays in health and wellness. This course covers essential nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, and minerals, their functions in the body, sources, and recommended daily intakes. Students will examine digestion, absorption, and metabolism, as well as the relationship between diet and chronic diseases. The course also addresses dietary guidelines, nutritional assessment, and food labeling, equipping students with the knowledge to make informed diet choices and understand the impact of nutrition on overall well-being.

Recommended Textbook

Wardlaws Perspectives in Nutrition A Functional Approach 1st Edition by Carol Byrd Bredbenner

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18 Chapters

1617 Verified Questions

1617 Flashcards

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Chapter 1: The Science of Nutrition

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90 Verified Questions

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Sample Questions

Q1) A triglyceride is an example of a ________.

A)protein

B)carbohydrate

C)lipid

D)vitamin

Answer: C

Q2) A poor diet is a risk factor for the major chronic diseases seen today.

A)True

B)False

Answer: True

Q3) A study that examines changes in health as people move from one country to another is called a ________.

A)cohort study

B)migrant study

C)case-control study

D)control group study

Answer: B

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Page 3

Chapter 2: Tools of a Healthy Diet

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51 Flashcards

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Sample Questions

Q1) When vitamins and/or minerals are added to a food product in amounts in excess of at least 10% above that originally present in the product, the food is designated as

A)light or lite

B)organic

C)imitation

D)fortified

Answer: D

Q2) Which government agency publishes the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

A)USDA

B)USDHHS

C)FDA

D)UDSA and USDHHS

E)FDA and USDA

Answer: D

Q3) Those who frequently eat at fast foods restaurants have an increased risk for obesity.

A)True

B)False

Answer: True

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Chapter 3: The Food Supply

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Sample Questions

Q1) The last food(s) to buy when shopping in the supermarket should be ________.

A)fresh fruits and vegetables

B)bread

C)frozen foods

D)raw poultry and eggs

Answer: D

Q2) The percentage of U.S.households considered food insecure is ________.

A)2

B)25

C)15

D)80

Answer: C

Q3) In the U.S., food labels must indicate the presence of genetically modified ingredients.

A)True

B)False

Answer: False

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Page 5

Chapter 4: Human Digestion and Absorption

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Sample Questions

Q1) Bicarbonate ions (HCO₃-) from the pancreas ________.

A)neutralize the acid contents in the stomach

B)are synthesized in the pyloric sphincter

C)neutralize the bile in the duodenum

D)neutralize the acid contents in the duodenum

Q2) The major function(s) of the stomach are ________.

A)the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates, especially starch

B)the digestion and absorption of alcohol

C)to mix ingested foods with gastric juices to form chyme

D)All of these responses are correct

Q3) The salivary glands produce about ___ cup(s) of saliva each day.Saliva is a watery fluid that contains ________, ___________, and ___________.

A)1; mucus; digestive enzymes; antibacterial substances

B)1; mucus; bile; hormones

C)4; mucus; digestive enzymes; antibacterial substances

D)4; mucus; bile; hormones

Q4) A good way to treat mild constipation is to consume 25 to 35 grams of fiber each day.

A)True

B)False

Page 6

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Chapter 5: Carbohydrates

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Sample Questions

Q1) The human brain and other nerve tissues use mostly _________________ as fuel.

A)fructose

B)protein

C)ethanol

D)glucose

Q2) Why is excess sugar consumption discouraged?

A)It may cause dental caries.

B)It may cause weight gain.

C)It lacks dietary fiber.

D)All of these choices are correct.

Q3) High fiber diets can impair the absorption of trace minerals.

A)True

B)False

Q4) The principal sugar found in milk is ________.

A)sucrose

B)lactose

C)dextrose

D)maltose

Q5) How does the body maintain normal blood glucose levels?

Q6) List 4 functions of carbohydrates.

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Chapter 6: Lipids

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Sample Questions

Q1) Excessive amounts of omega-3 fatty acids can ________.

A)impair the immune system

B)cause excessive bleeding

C)cause hemorrhagic stroke

D)All of these choices are correct

E)None of these choices are correct

Q2) Recommendations suggest that we consume approximately 20% of our fat as monounsaturated fats.All of the following would be appropriate to use to achieve this goal EXCEPT ________.

A)peanut oil

B)canola oil

C)sunflower oil

D)olive oil

Q3) Which is correct regarding trans fatty acids?

A)They raise HDL and LDL cholesterol

B)They lower LDL cholesterol

C)They raise LDL and lower HDL cholesterol

D)They raise blood glucose

Q4) How do antioxidants reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease?

Q5) How do the plant stanols found in some margarines lower cholesterol?

Page 8

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Chapter 7: Proteins

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Sample Questions

Q1) During times of recovery from illness or injury, protein needs may range from 0.8 to 2.0 g/kg body weight.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Which of the following enzymes aids in digesting polypeptides into shorter peptides and amino acids?

A)lipase

B)trypsin

C)HCL

D)lactase

Q3) The recommended amount of protein as a percentage of total energy intake is

A)15% to 20%

B)20% to 30%

C)10% to 35%

D)40% to 50%

Q4) Explain the difference between essential and nonessential amino acids.

Q5) What suggestions would you give to athletes taking multiple amino acid supplements?

Q6) List 3 foods that are often allergenic.

Page 9

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Chapter 8: Alcohol

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Sample Questions

Q1) Describe 3 methods used to treat alcoholism.

Q2) What are 4 symptoms that might indicate that someone has a problem with alcohol?

Q3) Liver cirrhosis is characterized by ________.

A)decreased synthesis of proteins made in the liver

B)abnormal retention of fluid in the abdomen

C)poor nutritional status

D)All of these answers are correct

Q4) Moderate alcohol consumption is most accurately defined as no more than 7 or 14 drinks per week for women and men, respectively.

A)True

B)False

Q5) The recommendation for alcohol consumption during pregnancy is ________.

A)no alcohol at all

B)limit to one drink per week

C)to follow current guidelines for moderate drinking

D)to avoid binge drinking

Q6) List 3 signs of alcohol abuse.

Q7) Define what is meant by light drinker, moderate drinker, and heavy drinker for an average man and for an average woman.

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Chapter 9: Energy Metabolism

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Sample Questions

Q1) In metabolism, glucose is degraded to CO₂ and water.The carbon dioxide is produced in ________.

A)the red blood cells

B)the citric acid cycle

C)glycolysis

D)the electron transport chain

Q2) Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism.How does this apply to physical activity?

Q3) Ketone bodies are products of incomplete oxidation of fatty acids.

A)True

B)False

Q4) The citric acid cycle is also known as the ________.

A)urea cycle

B)Krebs cycle

C)menstrual cycle

D)aerobic pathway

Q5) Beta oxidation takes place in the mitochondria.

A)True

B)False

Q6) Name two characteristics of inborn errors of metabolism.

Page 11

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Chapter 10: Energy Balance, Weight Control, and Eating Disorders

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Sample Questions

Q1) Someone you know is suspected of having an eating disorder.What are some of the steps you can take to help this person?

Q2) Which body fat measurement is the most accurate?

Q3) Consumption of a very-low-calorie diet ________.

A)increases BMR by about 10% to 20%

B)decreases BMR by about 10% to 20%

C)has no effect on BMR

Q4) The set-point theory proposes that ________.

A)body temperature determines how many calories are burned

B)humans have a genetically predetermined body weight or body fat

C)metabolism can be reset at different stages of life

D)None of these choices are accurate

Q5) Of the following males, who would have the lowest BMR?

A)6-year-old

B)16-year-old

C)46-year-old

D)76-year-old

Q6) How does leptin affect appetite?

Q7) Describe two genetic disorders/diseases that can cause obesity.

Q8) What everyday physical activities can help increase energy output? Page 12

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Chapter 11: Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports

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Sample Questions

Q1) Amino acids can be used as a primary fuel for muscles.

A)True

B)False

Q2) In high-intensity exercise, such as championship basketball, the predominant fuel for exercise is ________.

A)fat

B)protein

C)carbohydrates

D)vitamins

Q3) How would your diet plan for a football player differ from that of a marathon runner?

Q4) Lactate from anaerobic glycolysis is transported by the blood to the liver where it will be ________.

A)resynthesized to glucose

B)converted to sucrose or maltose

C)converted to cholesterol for disposal from the body

D)converted to urea for disposal by the kidneys

Q5) Carbohydrate loading is for strength-trained athletes.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 12: Micronutrients: Vitamins and Minerals

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following contribute to increased risk of cancer?

A)viruses

B)radiation

C)dietary fat

D)All of these factors may increase cancer risk.

Q2) When consumed in recommended amounts, approximately ________ of fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed.

A)1-5%

B)5-20%

C)10-35%

D)40-90%

Q3) Iodine deficiency and iron deficiency are the most common mineral deficiencies worldwide.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Beta-carotene ________.

A)can be converted to vitamin A in the body

B)can be converted to vitamin E in the body

C)is classified as a retinoid

D)is toxic when consumed in excess amounts

Page 15

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Chapter 13: Micronutrients in Energy and Amino Acid

Metabolism

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Sample Questions

Q1) Cretinism may form as a consequence of a severe deficiency of ________.

A)chromium

B)selenium

C)copper

D)iodine

Q2) Athletes commonly believe that the trace mineral ________ helps improve muscle mass and strength despite lack of research evidence.

A)chromium

B)zinc

C)manganese

D)selenium

Q3) Which of the following major minerals does NOT have a DRI?

A)sulfur

B)calcium

C)phosphorus

D)magnesium

Q4) Discuss the roles of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and pantothenic acid in energy metabolism.

Page 16

Q5) Describe the symptoms of thiamin deficiency.

Q6) Explain why a deficiency of selenium can impair iodine metabolism.

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Page 17

Chapter 14: Fluid Balance and Blood Health

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following fluids is classified as extracellular fluid?

A)tears

B)gastrointestinal fluid

C)blood plasma

D)lymph

E)All of these choices are accurate

Q2) About 73% of lean muscle tissue is ________.

A)protein

B)water

C)calcium

D)sodium

Q3) Which compartment contains the greatest amount of body fluid?

A)intracellular compartment

B)extracellular compartment

C)Both compartments contain the same amount of water

Q4) Hemochromatosis is ________.

A)a form of anemia common in female athletes

B)a genetic condition causing excess absorption of dietary iron

C)a type of erythrocyte that carries extra iron

D)a genetic form of iron deficiency

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Chapter 15: Bone Health and Body Defense Systems

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Sample Questions

Q1) In the intestinal cells, ________.

A)vitamin A, as retinal, is converted to beta-carotene

B)carotenes are split by an intestinal enzyme to form vitamin A

C)excess vitamin A is carried to the kidney for excretion

D)All of these choices are correct

Q2) Vitamin A deficiency is characterized by the ________.

A)inability to produce insulin

B)failure to form blood clots

C)inability to adapt quickly to changes in light intensity

D)production of excessive amounts of collagen

Q3) Vitamin D is sometimes called the sunshine vitamin because ________.

A)it is available in fresh orange juice

B)exposure to sunlight converts a precursor form to vitamin D

C)it can be destroyed by exposure to sunlight

D)it is the yellow-orange color of the sun

Q4) Vitamin E functions to ________.

A)protect cell membranes from destruction by various reducing agents

B)protect phospholipids in cell membranes from damage by free radicals

C)accept electrons, thus neutralizing the action of free radicals

D)All of these choices are accurate

Page 19

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Chapter 16: Nutritional Aspects of Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

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Sample Questions

Q1) During pregnancy, women who are ____ should take a multivitamin and mineral supplement.

A)teenagers

B)vegans

C)low-income

D)smokers

E)All of these responses are accurate

Q2) WIC serves low-income ________.

A)children up to the age of 5

B)newborns and infants

C)pregnant mothers

D)All of these choices are accurate

Q3) Milk production in breastfeeding is determined by infant demand.

A)True

B)False

Q4) A characteristic of a favorable pregnancy outcome is ________.

A)a gestation period longer than 37 weeks

B)a live, healthy infant

C)an infant who weighs at least 5.5 pounds

D)All of these are characteristics of a successful pregnancy

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Chapter 17: Nutrition During the Growing Years

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Sample Questions

Q1) Over time, measurements of height, weight, and head circumference ________.

A)are used to assess an infant's growth and development

B)are used to compare an infant's growth to others of the same age and gender

C)are used by pediatricians to look for health problems

D)All of these choices are accurate

Q2) If human milk or infant formula are not available, ____ can provide a safe, nutritious alternative for infants.

A)sweetened condensed milk

B)soy drinks

C)evaporated milk

D)All of these are healthy alternatives to human milk or infant formula

E)None of these are healthy alternatives to human milk or infant formula

Q3) The growth percentile curve a child follows depends ONLY on their genetic potential. A)True

B)False

Q4) In children, gastroesophageal reflux is most common after age 2 years.

A)True

B)False

Q5) Why should leftover formula always be discarded?

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Chapter 18: Nutrition During the Adult Years

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which aspects of the environment influence the rate of aging?

A)Income and education

B)Quality of housing and autonomy

C)Access to health care and nutritious food

D)Psychosocial support and protection from climactic extremes

E)All of these responses are correct

Q2) Which domain of complementary and alternative medicine involves using foods and special diets?

A)Energy medicine

B)Alternative medical systems

C)Biological based practices

D)Mind-body interventions

Q3) Long-term use of aspirin or aspirin-like medications can deplete

reserves.

A)iron

B)calcium

C)vitamin K

D)thiamin

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