Introduction to Nursing Science Exam
Solutions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Nursing Science offers students a foundational understanding of the nursing profession, its history, theories, and core concepts. The course explores the roles and responsibilities of nurses within a healthcare team, focusing on patient-centered care, holistic health, ethics, and evidence-based practice. Emphasizing communication, critical thinking, and professional standards, students gain insights into how nursing science integrates knowledge from the biological, social, and behavioral sciences to guide clinical practice and promote the health and well-being of individuals and communities.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Nursing Research Building an Evidence Based Practice 5th Edition by Nancy Burns
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14 Chapters
518 Verified Questions
518 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing Research and
Evidence-Based Practice
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27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One major focus of nursing research during the 1980s was:
A) communication of research findings.
B) illness prevention.
C) increased funding for nursing research.
D) nurses' job satisfaction.
Answer: C
Q2) A study was conducted to determine which palliative care measures patients prefer. Statistical analysis revealed that most of them ranked evening back rubs and calming music the highest in helpfulness. This research would most likely fall under which of the following categories?
A) Qualitative research
B) Quantitative research
C) Outcomes research
D) There is not enough information to answer this question.
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Introduction to the Quantitative Research Process
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statements are true about a literature review? The literature review:
A) cannot include any articles written more than 5 years ago.
B) generates a picture of what is known and not known about a particular problem.
C) includes an exhaustive review of all information on the subject.
D) indicates whether adequate knowledge exists to make changes in practice; provides guidelines for analysis of the data for the developing study.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following best describes how to handle extraneous variables? (Choose all that apply.) The researcher:
A) can control all extraneous variables as long as they are identified.
B) can control for extraneous variables through study design.
C) must identify the main extraneous variables and control for them.
D) should include all extraneous variables in the data analysis to eliminate their influence.
Answer: B, C
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Chapter 3: Introduction to the Qualitative Research Process
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45 Verified Questions
45 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why would the Hermeneutic approach be of interest to nursing researchers? The Hermeneutic approach:
A) is a type of phenomenological research introduced by Heidegger.
B) is the most easily understood of the qualitative approaches.
C) seeks to increase the understanding of human nature.
D) was used to interpret Biblical texts.
Answer: C
Q2) The following research steps could be found in which type of qualitative research? Formulating an idea
Developing research questions
Developing an inventory of sources
Clarifying validity and reliability of sources
A) Ethnographic
B) Grounded theory
C) Historical
D) Phenomenological
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Examining Ethics in Nursing Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a study in which nurses rated weekend versus weekday work schedule preference, the researcher permitted nursing administrators to examine the raw data. Which human right was violated?
A) Confidentiality
B) Fair treatment
C) Protection from harm
D) Self-determination
Q2) In a study of patients experiencing arthritis, the researcher used real names in the field notes. Which human right was violated?
A) Fair treatment
B) Privacy
C) Protection from discomfort
D) Self-determination
Q3) Informed consent requires that a study subject has free power of choice regarding participation and:
A) general knowledge and comprehension of the study.
B) information on the study design.
C) psychological support from the researcher and staff.
D) the right to direct his or her role in the study.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which situation would the research and the null hypothesis be the same?
A) Researcher does not think that the research is going to mean anything.
B) Researcher predicts that there will be no difference among the groups.
C) Statistical analysis reveals a correlation coefficient of zero.
D) Study has serious flaws and is declared null and void.
Q2) A researcher uses the following hypothesis in a study: "Excessive listening to alternative music will lead to increased depression in young teenagers." Which kind of variable is "listening"?
A) Complex
B) Continuous
C) Dependent
D) Extraneous
Q3) What type of hypothesis is the following? "Normal saline flush with heparin is more effective than normal saline flush alone in maintaining patency of an intermittent intravenous site."
A) Complex, causal
B) Complex, nondirectional
C) Simple, directional
D) Simple, null
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Chapter 6: Understanding the Literature Review in Published Studies
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34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following types of information is consistently covered in a quantitative literature review?
A) Anecdotal opinions of expert researchers
B) Approaches used to investigate similar problems
C) Clinical impressions of related phenomena
D) Descriptions of effective clinical outcomes
Q2) Which of the following indexes would provide the largest number of relevant nursing sources?
A) Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature
B) International Nursing Index
C) MedLine
D) Nursing Studies Index
Q3) One significant criterion to use when critiquing a literature review is to:
A) count the number of references cited.
B) determine the value of the research study.
C) identify the facilities where cited research was conducted.
D) make note of the source of the articles cited.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Understanding Theory and Research
Frameworks
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following techniques can a reviewer use for assistance when critiquing a published study in the area of theory and research frameworks?
A) Develop an expertise in a particular statistical method to improve analysis ability.
B) Creating a conceptual map of the concepts as described in the study.
C) Reading other research reports to familiarize oneself with the concepts being studied.
D) Writing a well thought-out and well-written study.
Q2) When critiquing a study, the following statement is noted: "Women will experience less anxiety while undergoing a mammogram after the proposed educational program." Which type of statement is it?
A) Hypothesis
B) Proposition
C) Relational statement
D) Theoretical statement
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9
Chapter 8: Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) At the beginning and end of a 10-week exercise program the subjects have their lung vital capacity measured by the researchers. The readings are plotted on a graph and then the results are recorded. Which of the following can pose a threat to the internal validity in this study?
A) Instrumentation
B) Selection
C) Setting
D) Testing
Q2) A threat to internal validity of a study using a two-group pretest-posttest design is that:
A) external events are extremely likely to affect the outcome of these studies.
B) people are more likely to drop out of this type of study.
C) the pretest may sensitize subjects so they change their behavior or responses on the posttest.
D) there is no way to determine if the groups are alike before starting the study.
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Chapter 9: Examining Populations and Samples in Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher was able to obtain a list of all lung cancer patients in the Southeast. If a table of random numbers was used to create a sample from that original list and then those individuals agreed to participate in a study, what kind of sample would have been created?
A) Cluster
B) Convenience
C) Simple random
D) Stratified random
Q2) Subjects who participate in a study of patients with inflammatory bowel disease are described as the:
A) accessible population.
B) element.
C) sample.
D) target population.
Q3) The population from which the researcher selects the actual study sample is referred to as the:
A) accessible population.
B) scientific population.
C) target population.
D) theoretical population.
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Chapter 10: Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the process of interpretation of quantitative results, evidence of the validity of the results is derived from:
A) alternate methods of data analysis.
B) close examination of the measurement tool.
C) linking results to study framework.
D) reexamination of the research purpose.
Q2) Which of the following alpha coefficients would be the lowest value you would accept in evaluating the reliability of a well-developed measurement tool?
A).25
B).50
C).65
D).80
Q3) Which of the following scales is most sensitive to differences between ratings?
A) A visual analogue scale
B) 0- to 10-numerical rating scale
C) Five-item verbal descriptor scale
D) Seven-item Likert scale
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Understanding Statistics in Research
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55 Verified Questions
55 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A Type I error could occur for which of the following reasons?
A) Large difference between groups
B) Large sample size
C) Lenient level of significance
D) Normal distribution
Q2) Descriptive statistics should be reported in every study to:
A) determine validity.
B) indicate reliability.
C) provide a powerful analysis of data.
D) show the sample characteristics.
Q3) A researcher notes that 3 of 30 subjects had extreme anxiety scores when compared with the other subjects. These three subjects would be treated as:
A) deviants.
B) outliers.
C) unexpected findings.
D) ungrouped participants.
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Chapter 12: Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice
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59 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The following hypothesis was investigated in a study for review: Children who have a parent who is dieting are more likely to put themselves on diets at a young age. Which of the following is the dependent variable?
A) Children
B) Dieting behavior of parent(s)
C) Dieting behavior of child
D) Young age
Q2) Which of the following is an important skill when critiquing qualitative research?
A) An ability to determine appropriate statistical tests for this type of research
B) Being able to identify the potential weaknesses of qualitative research
C) Distinguishing quantitative from qualitative research
D) Finding the hypothesis since they are often hidden in a qualitative study
Q3) Which of the following would be a reasonable critique of a study title? The title:
A) provided the study's focus without becoming lengthy.
B) seemed to appropriately represent the study content.
C) was lackluster and did not invite the reader's attention.
D) was much too long but accurately conveyed the content.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would new BSN graduates do if they wanted to develop an evidence-based practice?
A) Review literature related to the types of patients they see each day.
B) Subscribe to a specialty nursing journal that describes theoretical-based clinical concepts.
C) Submit a grant proposal to try a new method of wound dressing.
D) Write a report in which practices are evidence based on their unit.
Q2) The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is noted for development of which of the following?
A) A use model for the implementation of research findings in the provision of health care
B) An international panel of experts to determine the areas requiring research to improve health care
C) Clinical practice guidelines to direct health care practices
D) Integrative reviews of nursing research to be shared with other health care providers
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15
Chapter 14: Introduction to Outcomes Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) The addition of the patient, family, and community as providers of care as well as the recipients of care to the theory of quality health care was important because:
A) evaluating total care is important.
B) health has many different aspects.
C) the theory is based on quality.
D) they then align with nursing theories.
Q2) Which of the following is proposed as the best method to measure improvement in patients' conditions?
A) An index of improvement
B) Change scores
C) Has not been a useful method suggested at this time
D) Percentage of improvement
Q3) Which of the following is the specific problem in trying to conduct "true" outcomes research?
A) Health care personnel are too busy.
B) It would require more funding than is ordinarily available.
C) Researchers have little interest in outcomes research.
D) There is fear of what the study will discover about the health care facility.
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