Introduction to Nursing Science
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Introduction to Nursing Science provides a foundational overview of the principles, theories, and practices that underpin the nursing profession. This course introduces students to the roles and responsibilities of nurses in various healthcare settings, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based practice, patient-centered care, ethical decision-making, and professional communication. Students will explore the historical development of nursing, current trends and challenges, and the integration of scientific knowledge with compassionate care to promote health and wellness across diverse populations.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Nursing Research Building an Evidence Based Practice 7th Edition by Susan K. Grove
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing Research and Its
Importance in Building an Evidence-Based Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse with a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN)is prepared to do which of the following? Select all that apply.
A) Appraise and summarize research findings.
B) Assist with the implementation of evidence-based guidelines.
C) Conduct independent nursing studies.
D) Expand the body of nursing knowledge through independent research.
Answer: A,B
Q2) Which type of evaluation of research yields the most precise estimates of treatment effects when describing results?
A) Meta-analysis
B) Meta-synthesis
C) Mixed-methods systematic review
D) Systematic review
Answer: A
Q3) A common method of measurement used in qualitative research is A) scales.
B) physiological measures.
C) unstructured interviews.
D) questionnaires.
Answer: C
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Introduction to Quantitative Research
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Q1) How is theory tested in quantitative research?
A) Assumptions about the theoretical framework are evaluated.
B) Concepts become more clearly defined as they are tested.
C) Relationships among concepts are tested.
D) The entire theory is proven or disproven.
Answer: C
Q2) Research subjects in a study of body image after mastectomy will complete a questionnaire about body image after surgery.Which assumption would the researcher likely make when conducting this study?
A) All mastectomy patients are likely to be negatively affected by the surgery.
B) Body image and appearance are important to survivors of breast cancer.
C) Subjects will be able to describe a personal awareness of body image.
D) Subjects will complete every item on the questionnaire.
Answer: C
Q3) The purpose of a study abstract is to
A) describe the reason for conducting the study.
B) outline the theoretical framework that defines the study.
C) summarize a study concisely and capture the reader's attention.
D) summarize previous research about the study's topic.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Introduction to Qualitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher identifies a socioeconomic group of people to study.After developing a rapport with key members of the group,getting information about group members from the key members,and spending time working among group members,the researcher prepares a written report about the group based on this experience.Which type of qualitative research does this represent?
A) Ethnographic
B) Grounded theory
C) Historical
D) Phenomenological
Answer: A
Q2) To maximize collection of pertinent information when conducting an observational study,the researcher records field notes
A) after the observation has concluded.
B) during or immediately after the observation.
C) prior to beginning the observation.
D) when writing the research discussion.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Examining Ethics in Nursing Research
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Q1) Which situation may allow waiving the need to obtain written consent for participation in a research study?
A) The researcher is conducting an informal study about heart disease.
B) The researcher is using questionnaires to collect data about suicide risk.
C) The subjects do not want documentation linking them to the study.
D) The subjects desire complete anonymity in the study.
Q2) A special concern when conducting research using terminally ill cancer patients as subjects is
A) an inability to randomly assign subjects to study groups.
B) an increased risk of harm with decreased benefits.
C) difficulty enlisting subjects for participation in the study.
D) poor control of extraneous variables.
Q3) Which federal agency was established to manage investigations of misconduct in research?
A) Department of Health,Education,and Welfare (DHEW)
B) Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
C) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
D) Office of Research Integrity (ORI)
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Chapter 5: Examining Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses
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Q1) When writing a proposal for a research study,the researcher includes a problem statement that serves to
A) define the specific focus of a study.
B) describe what is known about the research problem.
C) identify a gap in knowledge needed for practice.
D) indicate the importance of the problem to nursing.
Q2) In a research proposal,a statement about expected relationships among variables is the
A) conceptual definition.
B) operational definition.
C) research hypothesis.
D) research problem.
Q3) Which statement in a study about preoperative education and postoperative recovery times represents a research question?
A) "What are the types of preoperative education materials that may be used?"
B) "What are the constructs that facilitate adult learning among patients?"
C) "What preoperative teaching will shorten postoperative recovery time?"
D) "What is already known about preoperative teaching and postoperative recovery?"
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Chapter 6: Understanding and Critically Appraising the Literature Review
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Q1) In a literature review,the author identifies themes present in articles under review and describes connections among these themes.This is an example of A) analysis.
B) appraisal.
C) synthesis.
D) theorizing.
Q2) Which source of information is rarely cited in academic publications?
A) Conference proceedings
B) Dissertation or thesis
C) Encyclopedia
D) Textbooks
Q3) In the following APA-formatted reference,what is indicated by the italicized words? Maxwell,S.E.,& Delaney,H.D.(2004).Designing experiments and analyzing data: A model comparison perspective (2nd ed.).Mahway,NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
A) Abstract information
B) Journal title
C) Book title
D) Publishing company
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Chapter 7: Understanding Theory and Research
Frameworks
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Q1) In a study about childhood obesity,the researcher discusses the concept of overweight in terms of weight for height measures,body mass index (BMI),body image,self-esteem,and social norms.When discussing body image,self-esteem,and social norms,the researcher is describing the
A) conceptual definition.
B) dependent variable.
C) independent variable.
D) operational definition.
Q2) Which nursing theorist developed a grand nursing theory?
A) Brennaman
B) Orem
C) Pender
D) Swanson
Q3) Which is true about a study framework?
A) It guides nurses in clinical practice.
B) It explains a portion of a theory.
C) It is one of the major ideas of a theory.
D) It is the underlying methodology used in research.
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Chapter 8: Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs
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Q1) A researcher conducts a quasi-experimental study to determine whether there is improved weight gain among premature infants who are fed according to cue-based protocols.The researcher trained neonatal intensive care nurses to apply cue-based feeding to orally fed infants and notes a statistical difference in weight gain between infants fed according to cue-based protocols and those fed according to standard protocols.The reviewer notes that components of cue-based feedings are not clearly identified.This is a threat to
A) construct validity.
B) external validity.
C) internal validity.
D) statistical conclusion validity.
Q2) A nurse researcher understands there are numerous concepts relevant to quantitative research designs.What concept best describes the following example,"Patient diagnosis,age,pre-surgical condition,and complications after surgery are interrelated causes of the length of patients' hospital stays"?
A) Probability
B) Multicausality
C) Causality
D) Bias
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Chapter 9: Examining Populations and Samples in Research
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Q1) A researcher wishes to evaluate the management of chemotherapy side effects in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL).Children with ALL in this study are an example of which of the following?
A) Accessible population
B) Element of the population
C) Sample population
D) Target population
Q2) Which of the following is true about sample size in a qualitative study?
A) It is determined by the sensitivity of the measurement tools.
B) It is considered adequate when the researcher detects no new knowledge.
C) It is influenced by the expected effect size and the probability of a type II error.
D) It is determined by the number of variables and data analysis techniques.
Q3) A researcher wishes to conduct a study to determine the effects of an intervention on high school students.In this study,high school students represent the
A) accessible population.
B) elements of the population.
C) sample population.
D) target population.
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Chapter 10: Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research
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Q1) Which can be measured using direct measurement?
A) Anxiety level
B) Blood pressure
C) Diagnosis
D) Feelings
Q2) Which is important when using observational measurement to produce reliable data?
A) Data collectors will record observations in their own words.
B) Each subject should have different observers to record responses.
C) Observations will be spontaneously recorded as they occur.
D) Researchers will develop checklists of notable behaviors for observers to use.
Q3) In a study evaluating pulse oximetry measures in infants,a researcher notes that the pulse oximeter probes are attached to infants' feet in different ways.This represents which type of measurement error?
A) Environmental
B) Equipment
C) Subject
D) User
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Chapter 11: Understanding Statistics in Research
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Q1) A researcher evaluates the internal consistency (reliability)a newly developed scale used in a pilot study and notes a Cronbach alpha coefficient of space 0.72.The researcher will
A) compare the measure with scores from another group of subjects.
B) test the scale for validity prior to using it in another study.
C) try another measure with better reliability in another pilot study.
D) use the scale in the larger study and continue to monitor coefficient results.
Q2) The concept of degrees of freedom refers to
A) the level of significance for a study.
B) the standard deviation from the mean among data.
C) the variability of a given score based on other scores.
D) whether statistical analysis is one- or two-tailed.
Q3) To measure test-retest reliability of an instrument,a researcher may use the A) Cronbach alpha coefficient.
B) Fischer's exact test.
C) Kuder-Richardson score.
D) Pearson's correlation statistic.
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Chapter 12: Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice
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Q1) How are study results utilized to develop evidence for practice?
A) Only evidence and data from strong studies are used.
B) Only quantitative studies are used to build evidence.
C) Strong points from multiple studies are used to build evidence.
D) Studies must be replicated successfully to be used for evidence.
Q2) When assessing the conclusions,findings,and implications of a study,the appraiser will
A) determine whether alternate hypotheses are possible.
B) ensure that results are not based on past research.
C) identify that findings are specific to the sample population.
D) refute the study if limitations are identified.
Q3) What is the goal of an intellectual critical appraisal of a research study?
A) To determine whether a study should be replicated
B) To identify strengths and weaknesses in a study
C) To determine whether a study should be implemented into practice
D) To weed out and discard studies that are flawed
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Chapter 13: Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
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Q1) Which is true about the literature search criteria for a meta-analysis?
A) They include only published works from refereed journals.
B) They include the full range of related sources based on the topic.
C) They usually are narrowly focused around the research question.
D) They use works from a single database to remain consistent.
Q2) When using the Stetler Model of research utilization,the nurse researcher reviews the risks,resources,and readiness of staff associated with making changes in practice based on evidence.Which part of the model is this?
A) Phase I: Preparation
B) Phase II: Validation
C) Phase III: Comparative Evaluation
D) Phase IV: Translation/Application
Q3) What is true about reporting the mean difference between two groups in a meta-analysis?
A) It is a measure of differences between nominal data for the two groups.
B) It is an estimate of the effect of differences between the two groups of subjects.
C) It is not used to examine differences in ratio-level data.
D) It is appropriate only when the same scale is used to measure outcomes.
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Chapter 14: Introduction to Additional Research
Methodologies in Nursing: Mixed Methods and Outcomes
Research
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Q1) What is the key construct in Donabedian's theory of outcomes research?
A) Efficiency of healthcare delivery
B) Healthy outcomes
C) Professional accountability
D) Quality of care
Q2) Which of the following accurately describes the purpose of a mixed-methods study?
A) To capitalize on the weaknesses of numbers and words to answer different components or stages of a research question
B) To capitalize on the weaknesses of numbers and words to answer similar components or stages of a research question
C) To capitalize on the strengths of numbers and words to answer similar components or stages of a research question
D) To capitalize on the strengths of numbers and words to answer different components or stages of a research question
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