Introduction to Nursing Science
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Introduction to Nursing Science provides students with a foundational understanding of the principles and theories that underpin the nursing profession. This course explores the historical evolution of nursing, the role of nursing within the healthcare system, and the core concepts including patient-centered care, ethics, communication, and evidence-based practice. Students will be introduced to basic nursing research, health promotion, and the significance of cultural competence in delivering holistic care. Emphasis is placed on developing critical thinking skills and professional attitudes essential for further study and future practice in diverse healthcare environments.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Nursing Research Building an Evidence Based Practice 7th Edition by Susan K. Grove
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14 Chapters
575 Verified Questions
575 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing Research and Its
Importance in Building an Evidence-Based Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) The lead agency designated to improve healthcare quality is
A) Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ).
B) American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC).
C) Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN).
D) National Institute for Nursing Research (NINR).
Answer: A
Q2) What role will a new nurse graduate who has a BSN expect to play in research?
A) Appraising studies and implementing evidence-based guidelines and protocols
B) Developing,evaluating,and revising evidence-based guidelines and protocols
C) None,since the BSN affords limited education on the research process
D) Synthesizing findings and leading healthcare teams to make evidence-based changes
Answer: A
Q3) Which type of evaluation of research yields the most precise estimates of treatment effects when describing results?
A) Meta-analysis
B) Meta-synthesis
C) Mixed-methods systematic review
D) Systematic review
Answer: A
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Introduction to Quantitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) To help determine the relevance of a study to practice,it is recommended that the reviewer read which two sections of the study initially?
A) Abstract,discussion
B) Conclusions,references
C) Literature review,purpose
D) Methods,results
Answer: A
Q2) If a nurse wishes to critically appraise a study's sampling criteria and measurement tools,the nurse will read which part of the study report?
A) Abstract
B) Introduction
C) Methods
D) Results
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Introduction to Qualitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of data collection method is most common in qualitative research?
A) Distribution and review of questionnaires from subjects
B) Interviews with and observation of subjects
C) Participation and immersion in the lives of subjects
D) Review of historical documents and literature about subjects
Answer: B
Q2) A researcher uses at least two different perspectives to converge into a unique perspective on the topic.This is an example of
A) perspective.
B) triangulation.
C) reliability.
D) validity.
Answer: B
Q3) What is a key element of hermeneutics in research?
A) Analysis of documents and interviews to identify themes and subthemes in data
B) Bracketing of the researcher's own perceptions for the duration of the study
C) Description of phenomena without interpretation by the researcher
D) Focusing solely on phenomena themselves without consideration of biases
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Examining Ethics in Nursing Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse researcher who wishes to use animals in a research study must include which elements in an animal use protocol? Select all that apply.
A) Animal living conditions and veterinary care
B) Assurances that animals will be kept alive
C) Justification for the use of animals over humans
D) Procedures to minimize pain and distress
Q2) A researcher wants to study whether showing a video about car safety increases the likelihood of car seat use among a group of first-time parents.When obtaining informed consent,the researcher must include: Select all that apply.
A) an assurance of anonymity.
B) a statement of the research purpose.
C) consent to incomplete disclosure.
D) voluntary participation.
Q3) Which federal agency was established to manage investigations of misconduct in research?
A) Department of Health,Education,and Welfare (DHEW)
B) Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
C) Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
D) Office of Research Integrity (ORI)
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Examining Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses
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Q1) The statement,"In this study,elevated blood glucose is a value greater than 110 mg/dL," is an example of a(n)
A) associative hypothesis.
B) conceptual definition.
C) operational definition.
D) problem statement.
Q2) Which is true about a research hypothesis?
A) It defines the various research variables and describes how they will be measured.
B) It explains the relationship of the research purpose to theory development.
C) It includes the research problem,purpose,and research questions.
D) It links the research problem statement to the study design and data analysis.
Q3) In a research proposal,the researcher states that the proposed study will explore children's feelings about chemotherapy side effects.This statement describes the A) problem background.
B) problem significance.
C) research problem.
D) research purpose.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Understanding and Critically Appraising the Literature Review
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Sample Questions
Q1) When determining the reliability of a website resource in a literature review,it is important to determine
A) accessibility of the website information.
B) costs of retrieving website information.
C) sponsorship of website information.
D) whether website information is also published conventionally.
Q2) In the following APA-formatted reference,what is indicated by the italicized words/numbers? Koehn,A.R.,Ebright,P.R.,& Draucker,C.B.(2016).Nurses' experiences with errors in nursing.Nursing Outlook,64(6),566-574.
A) Article title/volume number
B) Journal title/issue number
C) Journal title/volume number
D) Book title/issue number
Q3) When initially reading the relevant literature for comprehension,the researcher will
A) critically appraise the studies.
B) highlight the main points of the studies.
C) make decisions about paraphrasing quotes.
D) review the abstract only.
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Chapter 7: Understanding Theory and Research
Frameworks
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Q1) Which of the following are true statements about middle range theories? Select all that apply.
A) They may emerge from a grounded theory study.
B) They are more abstract and wider in scope than grand nursing theories.
C) Practice theories are a type of middle range theories that are more specific.
D) Nurses providing patient care and nurse researchers find them less helpful.
E) They are sometimes called substantive theories.
Q2) In a study about childhood obesity,the researcher discusses the concept of overweight in terms of weight for height measures,body mass index (BMI),body image,self-esteem,and social norms.The researcher states that a BMI less than the 95th percentile represents overweight.This statement is a(n)
A) conceptual definition.
B) dependent variable.
C) independent variable.
D) operational definition.
Q3) The level of theory often derived from evidence-based guidelines is
A) grand theory.
B) grounded theory.
C) mid-range theory.
D) practice theory.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a researcher wishes to describe variables and to examine many relationships in a study,which type of study design will the researcher employ?
A) Correlational
B) Descriptive
C) Descriptive correlational
D) Descriptive cross-sectional
Q2) Which type of study is considered strongest for testing the effectiveness of an intervention?
A) Experimental
B) Pretest/posttest
C) Quasi-experimental
D) Randomized controlled trial
Q3) A researcher wishes to conduct a study of a small number of subjects on a large hospital intensive care unit.To minimize problems associated with extraneous variables in the study setting,the researcher will
A) ensure double-blind data collection methods.
B) randomly assign subjects to treatment and control groups.
C) test the reliability of study measures.
D) train a small number of nurses to administer the intervention.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Examining Populations and Samples in Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a study of patients who have dementia,a researcher wishes to examine the effects of moderate exercise on patients' abilities to perform self-care.The researcher decides to use subjects between 70 and 80 years of age who have been diagnosed with dementia for less than 1 year.A patient who is 65 years old meets A) eligibility criteria.
B) exclusion criteria.
C) inclusion criteria.
D) sampling criteria.
Q2) To decrease the probability of systematic variation in a study to evaluate the effects of a teaching program on disease management,the researcher will use which sampling process?
A) Cluster sampling
B) Convenience sampling
C) Random sampling
D) Systematic sampling
Q3) If 100 potential participants meeting sampling criteria are approached to participate in a research study,and 5 patients refuse,then the refusal rate as a numeral would be _________________ percent.
Q4) The individual units of the population and sample are called
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Chapter 10: Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher evaluates scores of a paper and pencil instrument with dichotomous variables using the Kuder-Richardson formula.This is a test of
A) alternate forms reliability.
B) internal consistency reliability.
C) interrater reliability.
D) test-retest reliability.
Q2) A researcher may use which strategy to reduce the potential for measurement error when evaluating obesity in study subjects?
A) Measure weight,abdominal girth,and BMI on all subjects.
B) Train multiple data collectors to take measurements.
C) Use scales in several different clinical settings to obtain data.
D) Utilize a single measure,such as BMI,applied to all subjects.
Q3) A researcher evaluates whether a tool addresses the major elements of the construct being studied.This helps to ensure
A) content validity.
B) equivalence.
C) internal consistency.
D) readability level.
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Chapter 11: Understanding Statistics in Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher collects scores measuring weight among school-age children who are in an obesity prevention program and notes that several students are morbidly obese with most students falling within or below the 85th percentile for weight.The scores from the morbidly obese children will affect which measure of central tendency the most?
A) Mean
B) Median
C) Mode
D) All the above are affected equally.
Q2) A researcher has calculated a variance of 9 for a data set.What is this data set's standard deviation?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
Q3) An appropriate level of significance for nursing research is either
A) 0.5 or 0.1.
B) 0.03 or 0.003.
C) 0.05 or 0.01.
D) 0.005 or 0.001.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is true about the evaluation of study variables in a critical appraisal of a research study?
A) It is not necessary to identify whether the measures are nominal,ordinal,ratio,or interval.
B) The reviewer will be concerned only with the reliability of measures in the current study.
C) The reviewer will identify the names and authors of the measurement strategies.
D) The reviewer will make sure research variables are defined conceptually but not operationally.
Q2) While critically appraising a quantitative research study,what will the reviewer assess when critiquing the title of the study? Select all that apply.
A) Clarity of the title's focus
B) All study variables and population
C) Type of study conducted such as phenomenology and the variables
D) Type of study conducted such as descriptive and the variables
E) Key study variables and population
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14
Chapter 13: Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is true about the literature search criteria for a meta-analysis?
A) They include only published works from refereed journals.
B) They include the full range of related sources based on the topic.
C) They usually are narrowly focused around the research question.
D) They use works from a single database to remain consistent.
Q2) When using the Stetler Model of research utilization,the nurse researcher reviews the risks,resources,and readiness of staff associated with making changes in practice based on evidence.Which part of the model is this?
A) Phase I: Preparation
B) Phase II: Validation
C) Phase III: Comparative Evaluation
D) Phase IV: Translation/Application
Q3) Which method will a researcher use to evaluate a group of qualitative studies?
A) Meta-analysis
B) Meta-synthesis
C) Mixed-methods systematic review
D) Systematic review
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15
Chapter 14: Introduction to Additional Research
Methodologies in Nursing: Mixed Methods and Outcomes
Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) The mixed-methods design strategy that begins with the collection,analysis,and interpretation of quantitative data,followed by a qualitative phase is known as
A) convergent concurrent strategy.
B) exploratory sequential strategy.
C) explanatory sequential strategy.
D) parallel design.
Q2) What is an important aspect of outcomes research as defined by Donabedian?
A) Selection of only proximal outcomes to streamline outcomes research
B) The need for patients or recipients of care to define which outcomes are desirable
C) The need to link outcomes with specific nursing processes
D) The use of population groups rather than individuals for outcome studies
Q3) What is the key construct in Donabedian's theory of outcomes research?
A) Efficiency of healthcare delivery
B) Healthy outcomes
C) Professional accountability
D) Quality of care
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