Introduction to Nursing Research
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Introduction to Nursing Research provides students with foundational knowledge and skills to understand the research process and its application to nursing practice. The course explores principles of scientific inquiry, types of research designs, ethical considerations, and the critical appraisal of published studies. Emphasis is placed on how evidence-based practice informs clinical decision-making and improves patient outcomes. Through analysis of research articles and engagement in discussions, students learn to evaluate the validity, reliability, and applicability of research findings to diverse healthcare settings, preparing them to become informed consumers and potential contributors to the nursing body of knowledge.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Nursing Research Building an Evidence Based Practice 6th Edition by Grove
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing Research and
Evidence-Based Practice
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Q1) The nurse participates in data collection in a study in which two different pain management protocols are used with randomly assigned patients to measure differences in postoperative recovery time.Which method of study is this?
A) Control
B) Correlation
C) Description
D) Explanation
Answer: A
Q2) A nurse manager is interested in learning which attitudes among staff nurses may indicate relative risk of needle-stick injuries.To study this,the nurse manager will employ which method of study?
A) Control
B) Description
C) Explanation
D) Prediction
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Introduction to the Quantitative Research
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Q1) The nurse participates in data collection in a study comparing the effect of two antilipidemia medications on total cholesterol in patients with hyperlipidemia.Which are extraneous variables to consider in such a study? (Select all that apply.)
A) Differences between the antilipidemia medications.
B) Family history of hyperlipidemia.
C) Individual patients' weights.
D) Other serum lipid values.
Answer: B,C,D
Q2) In a research proposal,when describing a research design,the researcher would include:
A) discussion of a theoretical framework.
B) evaluation of the researcher's expertise.
C) methods for measurement of variables.
D) purpose of the study.
Answer: C
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4
Chapter 3: Introduction to the Qualitative Research
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Q1) A researcher wishes to examine the experiences and feelings of siblings of children who have cancer in order to gain information about this population.Which type of qualitative study method will the researcher use?
A) Ethnographic
B) Exploratory-descriptive
C) Grounded theory
D) Historical
Answer: B
Q2) A researcher conducts a study to examine the feelings of cancer patients at various points during their disease,including at diagnosis,when beginning chemotherapy,and during remission.Which type of study will the researcher use for this study?
A) Ethnographic
B) Grounded Theory
C) Historical
D) Phenomenological
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Examining Ethics in Nursing Research
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Q1) After the Department of Health,Education,and Welfare (DHEW)regulations were published in 1973,all research using human subjects was required to:
A) avoid using subjects who were ill, mentally impaired, or dying.
B) obtain informed consent from all subjects prior to enrollment in a study.
C) review only studies in which risk of harm to subjects is especially high.
D) undergo full institutional review to examine risks and benefits to subjects.
Q2) A researcher has submitted a proposal to an Institutional Review Board (IRB)to evaluate the effects of a new drug on newborn infants.In this case,members of the IRB should include: (Select all that apply)
A) an ethicist.
B) a hospital pharmacist.
C) a neonatologist.
D) a pharmaceutical representative.
Q3) To safeguard the right to self-determination among research subjects,the researcher will ensure that subjects:
A) are afforded anonymity to the researcher and the reader.
B) are allowed to choose whether to be in a control or a study group.
C) may choose whether or not to participate in a study.
D) receive a large monetary reward for participating in the study.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Research Problems,Purposes,and Hypotheses
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Q1) Which type of variable is manipulated by the researcher?
A) Demographic
B) Dependent
C) Independent
D) Research
Q2) The nurse researcher states that a research purpose is to measure the effects of bar code medication administration on medication errors.This is a study purpose for which type of research?
A) Correlational
B) Grounded theory
C) Outcomes
D) Quasi-experimental
Q3) All of the following aspects of a research proposal are part of the research hypothesis except:
A) methodology.
B) outcomes.
C) population.
D) variables.
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Chapter 6: Understanding and Critically Appraising the Literature Review
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Q1) An author uses an electronic source in portable document format (PDF).Which is true about citing this source in a literature review?
A) It is necessary to provide the URL used to retrieve the article electronically.
B) It is not treated differently than a print version of the article.
C) The original print article must be located.
D) The page numbers will not be available for citation.
Q2) The concluding sentence of each paragraph in a literature review:
A) describes relevant studies that support the theme of the paragraph.
B) identifies the main themes of the paragraph.
C) provides evidence to support the topic of the paragraph.
D) transitions to the ideas expressed in the following paragraph.
Q3) When citing sources in a literature review,it is best if the author:
A) paraphrases other authors' ideas.
B) points out any defects in other authors' work.
C) synthesizes the work of a group of authors.
D) uses direct quotations as much as possible.
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Chapter 7: Understanding Theory and Research
Frameworks
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Q1) The level of theory often derived from evidence-based guidelines is:
A) grand theory.
B) grounded theory.
C) mid-range theory.
D) practice theory.
Q2) The nurse researcher plans to evaluate self-care and its effects on disease prevention.The nurse identifies various health promotion activities-such as proper diet,exercise,and hours of sleep per night-as components of self-care.In this example,"effects of self-care on disease prevention" is a:
A) concept.
B) construct.
C) theory.
D) variable.
Q3) Which is true about a study framework?
A) It guides nurses in clinical practice.
B) It explains a portion of a theory.
C) It is one of the major ideas of a theory.
D) It is the underlying methodology used in research.
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Chapter 8: Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs
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Q1) A researcher conducts a quasi-experimental study to determine whether there is improved weight gain among premature infants who are fed according to cue-based protocols.The researcher trained neonatal intensive care nurses to apply cue-based feeding to orally fed infants and notes a statistical difference in weight gain between infants fed according to cue-based protocols and those fed according to standard protocols.The reviewer notes that parents who gave consent to participate in the study were from a higher socioeconomic class than the population as a whole.This is a threat to:
A) construct validity.
B) external validity.
C) internal validity.
D) statistical conclusion validity.
Q2) In order to attribute causality of a posttest measure in an experimental study,the independent variable will be:
A) administered to control group subjects only.
B) administered to subjects selected by the researcher.
C) administered to treatment group subjects.
D) defined loosely to avoid bias.
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Chapter 9: Examining Populations and Samples in Research
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Q1) A pilot study reveals a wide variation in measurement values among subjects with an overall mean value that is higher than among the general population.By increasing the sample size in a subsequent study,the researcher expects to:
A) decrease the variation of scores among subjects.
B) increase the variation of scores among subjects.
C) decrease the mean value of scores among subjects.
D) increase the mean value of scores among subjects.
Q2) A researcher will conduct a qualitative study about partners of patients diagnosed with sexually transmitted diseases.This researcher will use which sampling technique to achieve the best representation of this population?
A) Accidental sampling
B) Cluster sampling
C) Network sampling
D) Simple random sampling
Q3) In qualitative research,the sampling plan is developed in order to:
A) decrease systematic bias.
B) increase the representativeness of the findings related to the phenomena.
C) minimize the need for discussion of cultural elements of the study.
D) reduce sampling error.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research
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Q1) A researcher develops a new instrument to measure coping skills and conducts a pilot study to compare the new tool with an existing tool that measures this concept.This is an example of evidence of validity from:
A) contrasting groups.
B) convergence.
C) divergence.
D) readability.
Q2) A researcher reports that a measure is highly sensitive when diagnosing patients.The reviewer understands that this test:
A) has a low percentage of false negatives.
B) has a low percentage of false positives.
C) has a high percentage of false negatives.
D) has a high percentage of false positives.
Q3) Which type of scale is most commonly used in a survey of patient satisfaction?
A) Likert scale
B) Numeric rating scale
C) Rating scale
D) Visual analog scale
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Chapter 11: Understanding Statistics in Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Assuming a normal distribution,what range of numbers would include two thirds of the scores if they ranged from 50 to 99,M = 75,and SD = 5? Between:
A) 55 and 95
B) 65 and 85
C) 68 and 82
D) 70 and 80
Q2) To measure test-retest reliability of an instrument,a researcher may use the:
A) Cronbach alpha coefficient.
B) Fischer's exact test.
C) Kuder-Richardson score.
D) Pearson's correlation statistic.
Q3) Which is true about the variance for scores in a data set?
A) A larger variance value usually indicates a smaller dispersion of scores.
B) It can be calculated for nominal scores.
C) The calculated score has no absolute value.
D) The variance indicates the range of scores.
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Chapter 12: Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research
for Nursing Practice
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Q1) A reviewer is critically appraising a study's variables.What will the researcher evaluate?
A) Conceptual and operational definitions of variables
B) Relationships of demographic variables to key concepts in the study framework
C) Whether variables and key concepts are linked
D) Use of all types of variables, including independent, dependent, and research variables
Q2) How do practicing nurses participate in critical appraisal of research?
A) By adhering to evidence-based practice guidelines and best practices
B) By presenting findings from their own outcomes research
C) By questioning the quality, credibility, and meaning of studies
D) By reading research journals to keep current in knowledge and practice
Q3) A reviewer conducts a critical appraisal of a study and notes that the study abstract does not include key results.The reviewer will discuss this in which part of the appraisal?
A) Introduction
B) Literature review
C) Problem
D) Purpose
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Chapter 13: Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) When addressing a health care question to determine best practice,the nurse identifies and appraises quality research using a structured,comprehensive synthesis of the research literature to determine the best research evidence available.This is an example of a:
A) literature review
B) meta-analysis.
C) meta-synthesis.
D) systematic review.
Q2) What must a researcher describe to identify that a comprehensive,systematic literature search was conducted?
A) All key search terms and databases used in the search
B) A list of grey literature sources used in the review
C) The date restrictions applied to the literature search
D) The use of literature only from prestigious journals
Q3) Which research discipline seeks to develop practical applications based on research knowledge?
A) Meta-analysis
B) Meta-synthesis
C) Rigorous experimental studies
D) Translational research
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Chapter 14: Outcomes Research
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Q1) The National Quality Forum was established in 1999 for which purpose?
A) To identify and develop nursing-sensitive quality measures
B) To support state and health system efforts to implement and evaluate medical liability reform models
C) To allow the AHRQ to expand its work supporting comparative effectiveness research
D) To set standards for health care performance measures
Q2) A nurse identifies an unusual incidence of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)in school-age children in a nearby community and conducts a study to examine exposure to a variety of water pollutants from a local industry.This is an example of a:
A) phenomenological study.
B) qualitative study.
C) prospective cohort study.
D) retrospective cohort study.
Q3) The goal of outcomes research is to:
A) determine the most cost-effective nursing interventions in patient care.
B) examine the end results of patient care from various health interventions.
C) help providers make end-of-life decisions about patient care.
D) improve patient satisfaction with nursing care.
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