Introduction to Nursing Research
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Introduction to Nursing Research provides students with fundamental knowledge and skills necessary to understand, evaluate, and participate in nursing research. The course covers basic concepts, methodologies, and ethical considerations involved in conducting research within the nursing profession. Students will learn how to critically appraise research literature, formulate research questions, apply appropriate data collection and analysis methods, and discuss the implications of research findings for evidence-based nursing practice. By the end of the course, students will be equipped to contribute effectively to the advancement of nursing knowledge and to integrate research evidence into clinical decision-making.
Recommended Textbook
Reading Understanding and Applying Nursing Research 4th Edition by James A. Fain
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who is the current Director of the National Institutes of Nursing Research (NINR)?
A) Dr. Rebecca Patton
B) Dr. Julie Gerberding
C) Dr. Patricia Grady
D) Dr. Elias Zerhouni
Answer: C
Q2) A group of individuals who collaborate on a research project from beginning to dissemination of findings are referred to as a:
A) research consumer.
B) research team.
C) principal investigator.
D) consultant.
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following is not a basic assumption of science?
A) Science cannot provide answers to all questions.
B) It is possible to distinguish between more and less plausible claims.
C) Researchers should follow certain agreed upon norms and practices.
D) Science is best at solving value conflicts.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Understanding the Research Process and Ethical Issues in Nursing Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A research design that examines relationships between and among variables is referred to as:
A) longitudinal.
B) correlational.
C) prospective.
D) retrospective.
Answer: B
Q2) A situation where the identity of subjects remains unknown to protect subjects participating in a study is referred to as:
A) confidentiality.
B) human rights.
C) risk-benefit ratio.
D) anonymity.
Answer: D
Q3) Individuals who provide data in a research study are often referred to as the: A) population.
B) data points.
C) coding plan.
D) sample.
Answer: D
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Understanding Evidence-Based Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Reasons for a research-practice gap include all of the following except:
A) Nurses lack the skill of reading research reports.
B) Nurses don't develop an opportunity for acceptance of change.
C) Nurses are encouraged by administration to resist change in practice.
D) Nurse researchers and clinicians use different language.
Answer: C
Q2) What resource provides the latest information on evidence-based clinical practice guidelines?
A) National Guideline Clearinghouse
B) Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)
C) Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effectiveness
D) Cochrane Review of Methodology Database
Answer: A
Q3) The term _is often referred to as a delay in using research findings in practice.
A) systematic reviews
B) research-practice gap
C) evidence-based practice
D) evidence database
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Selecting and Defining a Problem
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Sample Questions
Q1) The feasibility of a study should be considered in light of:
A) cost and time required to conduct the study.
B) skills required of the researcher.
C) potential ethical concerns.
D) all of the above
Q2) In developing a problem statement, a researcher speaks to each of the following except:
A) variables.
B) population.
C) design.
D) focus of study.
Q3) Explanations of concepts or variables in terms of how they are defined in a particular study are referred to as:
A) operational definitions.
B) primary sources.
C) secondary sources.
D) scientific literature.
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Chapter 5: Applying Appropriate Theories and Conceptual Models
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Q1) Which of the following is not a central concept in conceptual models of nursing?
A) person
B) social support
C) health
D) environment
Q2) Which scientific method focuses on testing hypotheses developed from theory?
A) inductive
B) deductive
C) scientific inquiry
D) empirical model
Q3) The nurse-theorist Sr. Callista Roy is associated with what grand theory?
A) Patient-Centered Approach to Nursing
B) Theory of Human Becoming
C) Health as Expanding Consciousness
D) Adaptation Model
Q4) Which of the following is characteristic of good theory or explanation?
A) It is parsimonious.
B) It is testable.
C) It is general enough to apply to more than one person, place, or situation.
D) all of the above
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Chapter 6: Formulating Hypotheses and Research
Questions
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Q1) Hypotheses can be classified as:
A) simple or complex.
B) nondirectional versus directional.
C) research versus statistical.
D) all of the above
Q2) Which of the following statement is in the form of a null hypothesis?
A) The child has a learning disability.
B) There is a correlation between smoking and lung function.
C) There is no difference between males and females on the variable quality of life.
D) There is a positive relationship between grades and time spent studying.
Q3) As a general rule, researchers tend to use level of significance.
A) 99%
B) 95%
C) 50%
D) none of the above
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Chapter 7: Selecting the Sample and Setting
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Q1) Individuals who are available and volunteer as subjects in a research study are used in the sampling method called:
A) convenience.
B) cluster.
C) random.
D) stratified.
Q2) The sampling error is usually _with _samples and _as the sample _____.
A) smaller, larger, increases, decreases
B) larger, larger, decreases, increases
C) smaller, smaller, increases, decreases
D) larger, larger, decreases, decreases
Q3) You put all the names of the students in a class into a jar, mix them up, and draw out names of your subject. Identify the appropriate sampling design.
A) simple random sampling
B) cluster sampling
C) systematic sampling
D) quota sampling
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Chapter 8: Principles of Measurement
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Q1) Which of the following is a type of criterion-related validity evidence?
A) concurrent validity
B) predictive validity
C) internal consistency
D) both a and b
Q2) Which of the following statements accurately describes test-retest reliability?
A) measure of consistency of scores over time
B) measure of consistency of scores obtained from two equivalent halves of the same examination
C) measure of consistency with which a test measures a single construct/concept
D) measure of degree of agreement between two or more scores
Q3) Test-retest reliability focuses on the _of an instrument.
A) stability
B) accuracy
C) truth
D) correctness
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Chapter 9: Data Collection Methods
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Q1) When data has been originally collected at an earlier time by a different person for a different purpose, this is often referred to as:
A) primary data.
B) experimental data.
C) field notes.
D) secondary data.
Q2) An item that directs participants to different follow-up questions depending on their response is called a _____.
A) response set bias
B) probe
C) semantic differential
D) contingency question
Q3) A question during an interview such as, "Why do you feel that way," is called a _____.
A) response set bias
B) probe
C) semantic differential
D) contingency question
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Chapter 10: Analyzing Data
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Q1) A statistical test used to compare two or more groups is called:
A) simple regression.
B) post-hoc test.
C) t-test for regression.
D) one-way ANOVA.
Q2) Which of the following represents the fiftieth percentile, or midpoint of a distribution?
A) mean
B) median
C) mode
D) variance
Q3) If a distribution is skewed to the left, then it is ______.
A) negatively skewed
B) positively skewed
C) symmetrically skewed
D) symmetrical
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