Introduction to Neuroscience Question Bank
Course Introduction
Introduction to Neuroscience provides a foundational overview of how the nervous system functions at the molecular, cellular, and systems levels. This course explores the structure and function of neurons and neural circuits, principles of neurophysiology, and the biological basis of behavior, perception, learning, and memory. Students will also examine key neuroscientific research methods and their applications to topics such as sensory processing, motor control, and neurological disorders. Through lectures, discussions, and case studies, students gain an integrated understanding of the brain and its impact on cognition, emotion, and health.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering Behavioral Neuroscience An Introduction to Biological Psychology 4th Edition by Laura
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16 Chapters
2642 Verified Questions
2642 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Behavioral Neuroscience?
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Sample Questions
Q1) Traditionally, electroencephalography (EEG) is most commonly used to study A) emotion.
B) psychopathology.
C) states of consciousness and epilepsy.
D) learning and memory.
Answer: C
Q2) Ethical standards for the use of animal subjects require researchers to
A) demonstrate the necessity of using animals in their project.
B) use only those techniques that do no permanent harm to their animals.
C) not use animals under any circumstances.
D) discuss their proposal with on-campus peers, but not necessarily with members of the community.
Answer: A
Q3) The term synapse, meaning the point of communication between two neurons, was first used by
A) Charles Sherrington.
B) Santiago Ramón y Cajal.
C) John Hughlings Jackson.
D) Otto Loewi.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary somatosensory cortex is located in the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is secreted by the A) meninges.
B) subarachnoid space.
C) choroid plexus.
D) ventricles.
Answer: C
Q3) The most rostral lobes of the cerebral cortex are the _________ lobes.
A) frontal
B) parietal
C) temporal
D) occipital
Answer: A
Q4) The ______ contributes to muscle coordination, muscle tone, balance, and some types of learning.
Answer: cerebellum
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Chapter 3: Neurophysiology: The Structure and Functions of the
Cells of the Nervous
System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Professor Winston is observing the effects of a new drug on neurons in the spinal cord that participate in reflexes by forming a bridge between incoming sensory information and outgoing motor commands. The neurons that Professor Winston is studying are most likely A) sensory neurons.
B) motor neurons.
C) interneurons.
D) von Economo neurons.
Answer: C
Q2) A neuron may produce another action potential in response to larger than normal depolarization during the A) absolute refractory period. B) relative refractory period.
C) depolarization phase of the action potential.
D) hyperpolarization phase of an action potential.
Answer: B
Q3) Microtubules are the largest type of fibers found in the neural cytoskeleton. A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Psychopharmacology
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180 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gasotransmitters differ from small-molecule neurotransmitters in that they are not packaged in _____ and their receptors are often in ______ neurons.
Q2) Vesicles
A) containing neuropeptides are used only once, whereas vesicles containing small molecule neurochemicals are recycled.
B) containing small molecule neurochemicals are used only once, whereas vesicles containing neuropeptides are recycles.
C) containing some small molecule neurochemicals are recycled, while vesicles containing other types of small molecules are not.
D) containing some neuropeptides are recycled, while vesicles containing other types of neuropeptides are not.
Q3) Eating carbohydrates before bed may promote sleep, because carbohydrates raise brain levels of tryptophan, which
A) is a serotonergic antagonist.
B) is the precursor for the synthesis of serotonin.
C) is a form of serotonin.
D) prevents the reuptake of serotonin.
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Chapter 5: Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain
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Sample Questions
Q1) New cells formed at the ventricular zone begin to migrate after the _________ following conception.
A) seventh day
B) seventh week
C) fifth month
D) seventh month
Q2) Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a type of
A) cell adhesion molecule.
B) guidepost cell.
C) inducing factor.
D) neurotrophin.
Q3) Females are much more likely than males to develop conditions influenced by genes that are located on the X chromosome, because they have two X chromosomes instead of one and therefore twice as much opportunity to experience problems with genes on those chromosomes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An individual organism's observable characteristics are known as the genotype.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Vision
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe some of the changes in vision that most of us can expect to experience as we age. Based on these changes, what recommendations would you make for senior drivers?
Q2) Professor Bethea is giving a lecture on the eye and the visual system. Name and describe three features that protect the eye that she would tell her class to study.
Q3) Many axons in the optic tract form synapses to the _________ nucleus of the thalamus.
A) medial geniculate
B) lateral geniculate
C) ventral posterior
D) ventral posterior medial
Q4) While you are reading this test, your _________ vision is most active because of activity in your _________.
A) photopic; fovea
B) scotopic; fovea
C) photopic; ganglion area
D) photopic; rods
Q5) Myles has hyperopia and his sister has myopia. What is occurring with their visual abilities?
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Chapter 7: Nonvisual Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ellie can't feel the bracelet on her arm unless she shakes her arm and the bracelet moves. This indicates that _____ are the somatosensory receptors mediating her awareness of her jewelry.
A) Meissner's corpuscles
B) free nerve endings
C) Ruffini's endings
D) Merkel's endings
Q2) Dr. Bjornson is concerned that several of his teenage patients have been using earbuds and might be damaging their hearing. What suggestions is she likely to give about earbud use?
Q3) Gustatory cortex is located.
A) at the junction of the frontal and parietal lobes, extending into the insula
B) in the temporal lobe
C) in the parietal lobe
D) in the occipital lobe
Q4) The emotional quality of olfaction is evident in the distortion of this sense that occurs in some types of psychopathology. Describe one disorder that is associated with olfactory disturbances, and comment on how such disturbances might contribute to the behavior that characterizes the disorder.
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Chapter 8: Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Degeneration of motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord is characteristic of A) polio.
B) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
C) muscular dystrophy.
D) myasthenia gravis.
Q2) The rubrospinal tract is one of the ventromedial motor pathways.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Muscular dystrophy results from exposure to some viruses.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Slow-twitch muscle fibers are to _______ as fast-twitch muscle fibers are to _______.
A) Ia; Ib
B) IIa; Ia
C) I; IIa and IIb
D) IIb; IIa
Q5) What is the difference between a monosynaptic and polysynaptic reflex? Give examples of each.
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Chapter 9: Homeostasis, Motivation, and Reward
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most excess sodium and water in the body are excreted by A) the intestines.
B) the kidneys.
C) perspiring.
D) respiration.
Q2) Adrian is at risk for heat stroke because
A) he is wearing heavy clothing and engaging in strenuous activity.
B) his pyrogens were released by disease-causing organisms.
C) his genetic predispositions cause him to sweat too much.
D) he has been drinking large quantities of fluid.
Q3) Sensitivity to changes in temperature is
A) equally precise in all structures related to temperature regulation.
B) more precise in the brainstem than in the spinal cord or hypothalamus.
C) more precise in the spinal cord than in the hypothalamus.
D) more precise in the hypothalamus than in the spinal cord.
Q4) Glucagon and insulin are produced by the A) stomach.
B) gall bladder.
C) pancreas.
D) liver.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Sexual Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Lauders' son had a high level of testosterone in his urine when he was five months old. His doctors would expect that he would
A) be more likely to play with boy-typical toys when he is around four years old.
B) be less likely to play with boy-typical toys when he is around four years old.
C) be more likely to become homosexual at puberty.
D) be more likely to enter puberty late.
Q2) Over the past 150 years in the United States, the average age at which puberty begins has
A) remained stable.
B) risen.
C) decreased.
D) decreased for males but not for females.
Q3) Sue has stated that she has a strong female gender identity. From this statement, we know that
A) she must be heterosexual.
B) she feels like a woman.
C) she is genetically female.
D) her internal and external genitalia are female.
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Chapter 11: Sleep and Waking
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kenia has a tendency to talk in her sleep. When she is doing this, she is probably in _____ sleep.
A) REM sleep
B) NREM stage 4
C) REM and the lighter stages of NREM
D) synchronous sleep
Q2) During REM sleep,
A) the hippocampus is relatively inactive.
B) primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe is unusually active.
C) the frontal lobes are unusually active.
D) the frontal lobes are relatively inactive.
Q3) Melatonin is secreted by the
A) superior colliculi.
B) SCN.
C) the pituitary gland.
D) the pineal gland.
Q4) The SCN is active during the daytime in diurnal animals, like humans, but is active during the night in nocturnal animals, like rodents.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Learning and Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) A good example of a semantic memory is which of these?
A) the name of the first president of the United States
B) what happened at your best childhood birthday party ever
C) how to ride a bike
D) where you were when you heard about the Twin Towers being attacked
Q2) After class, Mohammed regaled you with clever stories of his family cat when he was growing up. To tell you these stories, Mohammed was using his _____ memory.
A) sensory
B) working
C) episodic
D) semantic
Q3) Important attentional aspects of short-term memory require activation in the
A) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex.
B) dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the posterior cingulate cortex.
C) hippocampus and the anterior cingulate cortex.
D) hippocampus and the posterior cingulate cortex.
Q4) In the example in this illustration, the water jet serves as the ____________________, the shock serves as the ____________________, and the gill-withdrawal serves as the ____________________.
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Chapter 13: Cognition
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person with alexia
A) can speak and understand normally but cannot read.
B) cannot recognize words that are spelled out loud to them.
C) can understand spoken language but cannot speak or read.
D) can point to words and letters on command but cannot read normally.
Q2) An analysis of Albert Einstein's brain showed that Einstein's brain
A) was not different from the brains of people with average intelligence.
B) was different in the hippocampus and parietal lobe compared with the brains of people with average intelligence.
C) had unusual asymmetry in the planum temporale.
D) had larger than average amounts of gray matter in the frontal lobes and language areas.
Q3) The fiber pathway connecting the right and left medial thalamus in animals and some people is the A) anterior commissure.
B) massa intermedia.
C) corpus callosum.
D) hippocampal commissure.
Q4) Describe the major features of dyslexia.
Q5) What are the major features of Wernicke's aphasia?
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Chapter 14: Emotion, Aggression, and Stress
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Sample Questions
Q1) Activity in the insula is particularly strong during which of the following emotions?
A) Disgust
B) Anger
C) Surprise
D) Fear
Q2) Fear of strangers develops
A) more similarly in identical twins than in fraternal twins.
B) more similarly in fraternal twins than in identical twins.
C) at about the same time in fraternal and identical twins.
D) at very different rates in different cultures.
Q3) According to contemporary theories of emotion, some emotional states correlate with more precise physical sensations than other types of emotional states.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The James-Lange theory of emotion explains that
A) you smile because you are happy.
B) crying will make you feel much better.
C) crying will make you feel more unhappy.
D) punching someone in the nose relieves anger.
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Chapter 15: Neuropsychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Having the E4 variant of the APOE gene increases a boxer's risk for A) stroke.
B) brain tumors.
C) aneurysms.
D) dementia pugilistica.
Q2) The autopsy results from cases of dementia pugilistica, or boxer's syndrome, most closely resemble
A) open head injuries.
B) Alzheimer's disease.
C) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).
D) meningitis.
Q3) Prion diseases are responsible for TSEs. Explain the states of prions and our understanding about their involvement in TSEs. Discuss how a TSE can be transmitted to humans.
Q4) An injury with penetration of the skull is termed A) a concussion.
B) a subdural hematoma.
C) a meningioma.
D) an open head injury.
Q5) Describe the two major types of generalized seizures.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Psychopathology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may be associated with ________ binding in the frontal cortex.
A) reduced glutamate
B) increased GABA
C) reduced benzodiazepine
D) increased serotonin
Q2) Research has identified several factors that might explain the prevalence of schizophrenia in urban environments. One of them is the stress related to
A) "keeping up" with neighbors financially, by buying expensive houses and cars.
B) commuting long distances to work.
C) racism.
D) outdoor noise levels.
Q3) Professor Windell is lecturing her class about psychopathology. She reports that using medication for treating ASD symptoms
A) has been more effective than behavioral treatments.
B) is effective with high-functioning children but has little effect on low-functioning children.
C) has not yet been evaluated scientifically due to ethical concerns.
D) has been ineffective.
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