Introduction to Neuroscience Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Introduction to Neuroscience provides an overview of the structure and function of the nervous system, exploring how neurons communicate, how the brain processes sensory information, and how it regulates behavior, movement, and emotion. Students will learn foundational concepts in neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and neurochemistry, alongside current research methodologies in the field. The course also examines neurological disorders and introduces students to the latest advances in brain research, offering a comprehensive introduction to the scientific study of the nervous system.
Recommended Textbook
Biopsychology 9th Edition by John P.J. Pinel
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18 Chapters
2676 Verified Questions
2676 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter
Biopsychology, Anyway?
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89 Verified Questions
89 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The study of the nervous system is called
A) neuroscience.
B) psychology.
C) biopsychology.
D) neurochemistry.
E) neurophysiology.
Answer: A
Q2) A __________ -subjects design is an experimental design that involves testing a different group of subjects under each condition of the experiment.
Answer: between
Q3) Which subdiscipline of biopsychology is identified with the measurement of scalp EEG activity and ANS activity in humans?
A) psychophysiology
B) experimental psychology
C) physiological psychology
D) neuropsychology
E) psychopharmacology
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Evolution, Genetics, and Experience: Thinking About the Biology of Behavior
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146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Searle (1949) found that, in comparison to maze-dull rats, maze-bright rats were
A) not generally superior in learning ability.
B) less emotional.
C) more emotional.
D) both A and B
E) both A and C
Answer: D
Q2) Arguably, the most ambitious scientific project of all time began in 1990: the A) American space program.
B) cognitive neuroscience project.
C) human genome project.
D) decade of the brain.
E) theory of evolution.
Answer: C
Q3) The first Homo species is thought to have evolved from a species of __________ about 2 million years ago.
Answer: Australopithecus
Q4) All body cells of a human normally contain __________ pairs of chromosomes.
Answer: 23
4
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Chapter 3: The Anatomy of the Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The __________ stain colors entirely black a few neurons in each brain slice. Answer: Golgi
Q2) The first neural stain that permitted neuroanatomists to view some aspects of the inner structure of a neuron was
A) the Nissl stain.
B) the Golgi stain.
C) the Weigert stain.
D) mainly used for anterograde tracing.
E) electron microscopy.
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following is not in the brain stem?
A) myelencephalon
B) mesencephalon
C) metencephalon
D) medulla
E) telencephalon
Answer: E
Q4) The __________ dangles from the hypothalamus.
Answer: pituitary
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Chapter 4: Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission
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152 Verified Questions
152 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Contributing to the unequal distribution of ions on either side of a resting neural membrane
A) is random ion movement.
B) are electrostatic gradients.
C) are sodium-potassium pumps.
D) both A and B
E) both B and C
Q2) In its resting state, a neuron is said to be
A) polarized.
B) depolarized.
C) hypopolarized.
D) hyperpolarized.
E) firing.
Q3) In neurons without axons, conduction occurs entirely in the form of A) passive, decrementally conducted potentials.
B) action potentials.
C) all-or-none potentials.
D) saltatory conduction.
E) excitation.
Q4) The drug, __________ , is a muscarinic antagonist and pupil dilator.
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Chapter 5: The Research Methods of Biopsychology
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161 Verified Questions
161 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the open-field test, thigmotaxia is often used as a measure of
A) body temperature.
B) fearfulness.
C) sexual motivation.
D) obesity.
E) aggression.
Q2) Which contrast X-ray technique is designed to locate vascular abnormalities in the brains of human patients?
A) cerebral angiography
B) X-ray photography
C) pneumoencephalography
D) CT scans
E) PET scans
Q3) The neurotoxin, 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) selectively destroys
A) neurons that release dopamine or norepinephrine.
B) axons.
C) cell bodies.
D) multipolar neurons.
E) the hypothalamus.
Q4) The SCL and SCR are both influenced by __________ glands.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: The Visual System
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149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some evidence suggests that prosopagnosia may not be specific to faces, that it may be attributable to a general inability to
A) distinguish among similar members of complex classes of visual stimuli.
B) recognize parts of faces.
C) recognize specific names of faces.
D) recognize cows and birds.
E) distinguish among similar individuals.
Q2) The visual system has evolved to perceive edges. Discuss. Include the research of Hubel and Wiesel, contrast enhancement, and surface interpolation in your discussion.
Q3) Simple images that are stabilized on the retina start to A) vibrate.
B) continually disappear and reappear.
C) change shape.
D) increase in brightness.
E) move to the midline.
Q4) The retinal indentation that mediates high-acuity vision is the __________.
Q5) In humans, about __________% of retinal ganglion cell axons become part of the retina-geniculate pathways.
Q6) Depth of focus is usually greater when the pupils are __________.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Mechanisms of Perception
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150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cutaneous somatosensory system responds to A) nociceptive stimuli.
B) thermal stimuli.
C) mechanical stimuli.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Q2) Which tract is part of the anterolateral somatosensory system?
A) spinoreticular tract
B) spinothalamic tract
C) spinotectal tract
D) all of the above
E) dorsal columns
Q3) Some of the primary somatosensory cortex is in the A) central fissure.
B) lateral fissure.
C) longitudinal fissure.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Q4) A __________ is an area of the body that is innervated by the dorsal roots of one segment of the spinal cord.
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Chapter 8: The Sensorimotor System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following brain stem structures receives direct sensory information about balance?
A) cerebellum
B) reticular formation
C) vestibular nucleus
D) tectum
E) red nucleus
Q2) The only movements that are not greatly influenced by sensory feedback are __________ movements.
Q3) Recurrent collateral inhibition is mediated by
A) cocontraction.
B) Renshaw cells.
C) Golgi organs.
D) muscle spindles.
E) reciprocal innervation.
Q4) Discuss the two effects of damage to the posterior parietal cortex.
Q5) The basal ganglia receive signals from various parts of the cortex and transmit them back to the cortex via the __________.
Q6) The somatotopic map of the primary motor cortex is called the motor
Q7) Discuss three principles of sensorimotor function.
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Chapter 9: Development of the Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The case of Genie emphasizes the role of A) the brain in behavior.
B) experience in human neural and psychological development.
C) the brain in language.
D) language in learning.
E) neuroplasticity in development.
Q2) Many children with autism display A) seizures.
B) mental retardation.
C) empathetic talkativeness.
D) all of the above
E) both A and B
Q3) Most cases of Williams syndrome are associated with A) a missing section of chromosome 7.
B) creative and accurate drawing skills.
C) an abnormal gene on chromosome 1.
D) multiple sclerosis.
E) increased levels of elastin.
Q4) Autism has been linked to abnormalities of the fusiform face area and __________ neurons.
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Chapter 10: Brain Damage and Neuroplasticity
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181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Multiple sclerosis
A) attacks young adults.
B) is associated with the development of areas of scar tissue in the CNS white matter.
C) is a progressive disorder.
D) is a disease of CNS myelin.
E) all of the above
Q2) Who is more likely to develop multiple sclerosis?
A) a male Caucasian
B) a female Caucasian
C) a male Asian
D) a female Asian
E) a male African
Q3) A progressive disorder that often involves complex, involuntary, jerky, writhing movements of entire limbs and severe mental deterioration is
A) Huntington's disease.
B) Parkinson's disease.
C) tardive dyskinesia.
D) Alzheimer's disease.
E) choreography.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Learning, Memory, and Amnesia
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146 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The human medial temporal lobe includes the A) hippocampus.
B) amygdala.
C) medial temporal cortex.
D) CA1 subfield.
E) all of the above
Q2) Describe the major symptoms of posttraumatic amnesia and how these symptoms have provided support for the theory of consolidation. Describe studies that have been conducted to determine consolidation times and what they have accomplished.
Q3) The amygdala appears to be involved in the __________ component of memory, whereas the cerebellum appears to be involved in the __________ component.
A) emotional; sensorimotor
B) visual; temporal
C) spatial; visual
D) sensory; emotional
E) procedural; implicit
Q4) NMDA receptors respond to the __________ neurotransmitter.
Q5) H.M.'s main problem is that he cannot form new __________ long-term memories.
Q6) Approximately __________% of people experience infantile amnesia.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Hunger, Eating, and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Immediately following a meal, glucose levels in the blood do not increase as much as they otherwise might because
A) insulin promotes the use of glucose by the body.
B) glucagon promotes lipolysis.
C) glucagon promotes lipogenesis.
D) glucagon promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen and fat.
E) both A and B
Q2) According to the text, an important question about anorexia nervosa that remains to be addressed is the following:
A) Why does anorexia occur mainly in females?
B) What social pressures trigger anorexia?
C) What keeps an overpowering hunger drive from kicking in once anorexic patients start to starve?
D) Why do many anorexics think they are fat?
E) What social pressures prevent anorexics from eating?
Q3) Mutant mice that are homozygous for the ob gene lack a critical hormone termed
Q4) The first hormone to meet the criteria of a negative feedback fat signal was not leptin; it was __________.
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Chapter 13: Hormones and Sex
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158 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A tropic hormone is any hormone that
A) increases reproductive behavior.
B) stimulates or suppresses the release of posterior pituitary hormones.
C) is released by the pituitary.
D) stimulates or suppresses the release of other hormones.
E) influences the ovaries and testes.
Q2) Orchidectomy usually produces impotence, which is eliminated by replacement injections of A) testosterone.
B) estradiol.
C) androstenedione.
D) progesterone.
E) minestrone.
Q3) In males, one sex chromosome is an X chromosome and the other is A) an XX chromosome.
B) a Y chromosome.
C) a large X chromosome.
D) an H-Y chromosome.
E) a small X chromosome.
Q4) Sparse pubic and axillary hair is a symptom of __________.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythms
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187 Verified Questions
187 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Melatonin is released by the A) pinel gland.
B) pineal gland.
C) penile gland.
D) adrenal medulla.
E) hypothalamus.
Q2) Sleep apnea is more common in A) males.
B) the overweight.
C) the elderly.
D) all of the above
E) anorexic patients.
Q3) The advantage of the carousel apparatus is that the __________ control procedure is an integral part of it.
Q4) The large between-species differences in sleep time suggest that sleep
A) improves cognitive function.
B) improves emotional function.
C) serves a higher-order cognitive function.
D) is not necessarily needed in large quantities.
E) both A and C
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Drug Addiction and the Brains Reward Circuits
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Withdrawal from which of the following drugs produces convulsions?
A) morphine
B) heroin
C) alcohol
D) cocaine
E) both A and B
Q2) Which of the following is not an effect of chronic opiate exposure?
A) constipation
B) pupil constriction
C) reduced libido
D) menstrual irregularity
E) hypersexuality
Q3) Cocaine is frequently consumed in
A) paper bags.
B) paper bags with holes.
C) water pipes.
D) glasses.
E) binges.
Q4) Convulsions can be triggered by the sudden withdrawal of this widely used drug of abuse: __________.
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Chapter 16: Lateralization, Language, and the Split Brain
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare the following three theories of cerebral asymmetry: the analytic-synthetic theory, the motor theory, and the linguistic theory. Describe relevant evidence, and reach a conclusion.
Q2) A spoon is presented in the left visual field of a split-brain patient, and an apple is simultaneously presented in the right. Then, the patient is instructed to reach into two bags (one with each hand) and feel around until he comes up with the object that was presented on the screen. However, before the objects are withdrawn, the patient is asked to tell the experimenter what he has in each hand. The patient is likely to say, "I have
A) an apple in each hand."
B) a spoon in each hand."
C) an apple in my left hand and a spoon in my right."
D) a spoon in my left hand and an apple in my right."
E) no idea."
Q3) Cutting the optic chiasm longitudinally produces blindness in the A) medial half of each retina.
B) right half of the visual field of the right eye.
C) left half of the visual field of the left eye.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Biopsychology of Emotion, Stress, and Health
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154 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Disorders whose symptoms are primarily physical but whose development is greatly influenced by psychological factors are called
A) psychological disorders.
B) mental disorders.
C) psychiatric disorders.
D) stress disorders.
E) psychosomatic disorders.
Q2) Studies of the septal aggression phenomenon in rats suggest that it would be more appropriate to refer to it as
A) hypothalamic aggression.
B) septal defensiveness.
C) hippocampal aggression.
D) septal predatory aggression.
E) septal social aggression.
Q3) The polygraph does not detect lies, it detects
A) criminals.
B) arousal.
C) guilty knowledge.
D) guilt.
E) psychopathy.
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Chapter 18: Biopsychology of Psychiatric Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) When anxiety disrupts normal behavioral functioning, it is generally referred to as A) fear.
B) hypertension
C) an anxiety disorder.
D) a panic disorder.
E) a phobia.
Q2) Phenothiazines bind effectively to A) D1 receptors.
B) D2 receptors.
C) glutamate receptors.
D) all of the above
E) both A and B
Q3) Benzodiazepines have been shown to reduce indices of fear and anxiety in the A) elevated-plus-maze test.
B) risk-assessment test.
C) defensive-burying test.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Q4) Fluoxetine, or __________, is an SSRI.
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