Introduction to Neuroscience Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Introduction to Neuroscience provides students with a comprehensive overview of the structure and function of the nervous system. The course covers fundamental topics including the cellular and molecular bases of neural activity, neuroanatomy, sensory and motor systems, neural development, and higher order brain functions such as cognition, emotion, and behavior. Students will explore how neurons communicate, how neural circuits process information, and how brain dysfunction can result in neurological and psychiatric disorders. Emphasis is placed on integrating concepts from biology, psychology, and physiology to build a solid foundation for advanced study in the neurosciences.
Recommended Textbook
Biopsychology 8th Edition by John P.J. Pinel
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18 Chapters
2675 Verified Questions
2675 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1846 Page 2
Chapter 1: Biopsychology As a Neuroscience
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89 Verified Questions
89 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/36817
Sample Questions
Q1) In a successful experiment, the independent variable affects the A) confounded variable.
B) dependent variable.
C) correlated variable.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Q2) The posture of lordosis in a female rodent indicates that she A) is looking for food.
B) will attack if provoked.
C) is defending a litter of pups.
D) is sexually receptive.
E) is sexually fatigued.
Answer: D
Q3) The general method that scientists use to study unobservable objects and events is called __________.
Answer: scientific inference
Q4) Korsakoff's syndrome is often associated with a __________ deficiency. Answer: thiamine
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Chapter 2: Evolution, Genetics, and Experience
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143 Verified Questions
143 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first animals to venture out of the water were A) reptiles.
B) bony fishes.
C) amphibians.
D) Florida walking catfish.
E) both B and C
Answer: B
Q2) People with phenylketonuria have high levels of urinary A) PKU.
B) phenylpyruvic acid.
C) phenylalanine hydroxylase.
D) tyrosine.
E) none of the above
Answer: B
Q3) Discuss the behavioral genetics of individual differences, being sure to focus on common misunderstandings about heritability estimates.
Answer: 25% for defining heritability estimates
75% for explaining common misconceptions about heritability estimates and contrasting them with more reasonable views.
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Anatomy of the Nervous System
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the overall layout of the divisions and systems of the mammalian nervous system.Include a table in your answer.(Hint: "The mammalian nervous system is a system of twos." )
Answer: 50% for a description of the organization 50% for an accurate table
Q2) Most neurons of the dorsal root synapse in the A) cortex.
B) spinal cord.
C) dorsal root ganglia.
D) PNS.
E) ventral horn.
Answer: B
Q3) The pituitary gland is situated just inferior to the A) nose.
B) hippocampus.
C) cerebellum.
D) thalamus.
E) hypothalamus.
Answer: E
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission
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152 Verified Questions
152 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) With respect to neurotransmitters, which of the following is a correct sequence?
A) synthesis, storage, exocytosis, reuptake
B) reuptake, synthesis, deactivation, exocytosis
C) deactivation, postsynaptic binding, synthesis, storage
D) storage, deactivation, synthesis, exocytosis
E) exocytosis, postsynaptic binding, synthesis, reuptake
Q2) According to the calculations of Hodgkin and Huxley, the electrostatic force required to maintain the resting distribution across the neural membrane of
A) Cl- is -70 mV.
B) K+ is about -90 mV.
C) Na+ is about -50 mV.
D) all of the above
E) both A and B
Q3) Parkinson's disease is treated with A) dopamine.
B) serotonin.
C) acetylcholine.
D) norepinephrine.
E) L-DOPA.
Q4) Endorphins and __________ are endogenous opioids.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Research Methods of Biopsychology
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161 Verified Questions
161 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/36821
Sample Questions
Q1) A method of identifying all of the brain areas of a laboratory animal that were particularly active during a behavioral test is
A) cerebral dialysis.
B) the 2-deoxyglucose technique.
C) immunocytochemistry.
D) the 6-OHDA technique.
E) the kainic acid technique.
Q2) To facilitate immunochemistry, neurochemists have created stocks of __________ to most neuropeptides.
Q3) Cancer patients sometimes develop conditioned taste aversions in response to their A) tumors.
B) bad news.
C) chemotherapy.
D) X-rays.
E) ulcers.
Q4) In the open-field test, fearful rats are __________, that is, they stay near the walls of the test box.
Q5) The typical __________ maze contains a hidden escape platform.
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Chapter 6: The Visual System
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The perception of an edge is in effect the perception of a A) line.
B) line separating two adjacent areas of the visual field. C) contour.
D) contrast between two adjacent areas of the visual field.
E) line between two adjacent areas of the retina.
Q2) Most lateral geniculate neurons terminate in A) the primary visual cortex.
B) cortical layer IV.
C) the contralateral hemisphere.
D) both A and B
E) both A and C
Q3) Explain color constancy.What important points does it make about the mechanisms of color vision? Describe a theory of color vision that can explain color constancy, focusing on the evidence that led to the theory.
Q4) The surface of the primary visual cortex is laid out __________.
Q5) Dual-opponent color cells are found in columns called __________.
Q6) About __________% of retinal ganglion cell axons become part of the retina-geniculate pathways.
Q7) Accommodation is controlled by the __________ muscles.
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Chapter 7: Mechanisms of Perception
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) There seem to be at least five primary tastes; the most recently documented was A) sour.
B) unami.
C) bitter.
D) mamawawa.
E) yumyumi.
Q2) The identification of objects by touch is
A) proprioception.
B) lewd.
C) vestibulation.
D) stereognosis.
E) astereognosia.
Q3) Human olfactory neocortex is A) near the orbits.
B) in the frontal lobe.
C) in the parietal lobe.
D) both A and B
E) both A and C
Q4) The somatosensory system is three interacting systems: one interoceptive, one exteroceptive, and one __________.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: The Sensorimotor System
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most axons of the dorsolateral corticorubrospinal tract synapse on A) muscles of the fingers and thumb.
B) muscles of the hands and wrists.
C) interneurons of the spinal gray matter that in turn synapse on motor neurons that project to the distal muscles of the arms and legs.
D) motor neurons that project to the hands.
E) Betz cells.
Q2) When a motor neuron fires, all of the muscle fibers of its motor
A) unit contract together.
B) pool contract together.
C) segment contract together.
D) equivalence contract together.
E) feedback contract together.
Q3) Contralateral neglect is usually associated with large lesions of the A) right parietal lobe.
B) left parietal lobe.
C) right frontal lobe.
D) left frontal lobe.
E) right temporal lobe.
Q4) The patellar tendon reflex is an example of a __________ reflex.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Development of the Nervous System
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Knudsen and Brainard (1991)raised barn owls with vision-displacing prisms over their eyes.This led to the ontogenetic development of
A) a corresponding shift in the auditory topographic map in the tectum.
B) a discrepancy between where a stimulus was heard to be and where it was seen to be.
C) the degeneration of the tectum.
D) the degeneration of the visual tectum.
E) the degeneration of the auditory cortex.
Q2) The very first cells to develop in the embryo are
A) multipolar.
B) bipolar.
C) myelinated.
D) totipotent.
E) mesodermal.
Q3) Most cell division in the developing neural tube occurs in the A) hindbrain zone.
B) ventricular zone.
C) ventricles.
D) posterior zone.
E) subventricular zone.
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Chapter 10: Brain Damage and Neuroplasticity
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most common cause of dementia is
A) Parkinson's disease.
B) Alzheimer's disease.
C) allergic encephalomyelitis.
D) Huntington's disease.
E) epilepsy.
Q2) The punch-drunk syndrome typically results from the cumulative effects of many minor
A) contusions.
B) concussions.
C) infarcts.
D) aneurysms.
E) embolisms.
Q3) Reorganization of neural circuits after damage to the mammalian brain is thought to occur largely through the
A) accurate regeneration of the damaged neurons.
B) strengthening of existing connections by release from inhibition.
C) establishment of new connections by collateral sprouting.
D) all of the above
E) both B and C
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Chapter 11: Learning, Memory, and Amnesia
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147 Verified Questions
147 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Illustrated here is a neural circuit in which __________ is commonly studied.
A) maintenance
B) LTD
C) LTP
D) amnesia
E) forgetting
Q2) Patients with damage to the prefrontal cortex often display deficits on __________ conventional tests of memory.
A) no
B) most
C) many
D) all
E) about half of the
Q3) Describe the major symptoms of posttraumatic amnesia and how these symptoms have provided support for the theory of consolidation.Describe studies that have been conducted to determine consolidation times and what they have accomplished.
Q4) Posttraumatic amnesia for events that occur in the period after a concussive blow to the head is called __________ amnesia.
Q5) Approximately __________% of people experience infantile amnesia.
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Chapter 12: Hunger, Eating, and Health
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145 Verified Questions
145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the lipostatic theory,
A) fat levels in the body are the primary basis for the short-term regulation of food intake.
B) each person has a body-fat set point.
C) maintaining fat levels in the body at homeostatic levels is a major factor in the long-term regulation of food intake.
D) both A and B
E) both B and C
Q2) A major problem with the set-point theory of body weight regulation is that it
A) cannot explain the effects of satiety peptides.
B) cannot explain how LH lesions increase hunger.
C) cannot explain the increasing prevalence of obesity.
D) is too parsimonious.
E) is too vague.
Q3) Describe two explanations for why we get hungry at our regular meal times.Discuss relevant evidence.Which of the two explanations does the evidence support?
Q4) Mutant mice that are homozygous for the ob gene lack a critical hormone termed
Q5) In our culture, most anorexics have a history of strict __________.
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Chapter 13: Hormones and Sex
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157 Verified Questions
157 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is not true? Testosterone replacement injections administered to adult orchidectomized males usually
A) render them potent.
B) increase their muscularity.
C) eliminate their sterility.
D) enable them to achieve an erection.
E) increase their sex drive.
Q2) Which of the following is true of untreated genetic females with adrenogenital syndrome?
A) Their bodies may be unpredictably masculinized or feminized at puberty, irrespective of their apparent gender during childhood.
B) They have low levels of circulating adrenal androgens.
C) They have high levels of adrenal cortisol.
D) At birth, they look like normal males.
E) both B and C
Q3) The most prevalent __________ is estradiol.
Q4) Discuss variations of sexual identity and sexual attraction.How are they related? What do we know about the causes and mechanisms of homosexuality and transsexualism?
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Chapter 14: Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythms
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186 Verified Questions
186 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Melatonin is released by the A) pinel gland.
B) pineal gland.
C) penile gland.
D) adrenal medulla.
E) hypothalamus.
Q2) The EOG is a measure of
A) the first-night phenomenon.
B) eye-muscle tension.
C) eye movement.
D) stage 1 EEG.
E) both B and C
Q3) Sleep-deprived people sometimes experience __________, brief periods during which their eyelids droop, and they become less responsive to external stimuli, even though they remain sitting or standing.
Q4) __________ are the 8-to-12-Hz EEG waves that are often associated with relaxed wakefulness.
Q5) Although there are serious problems associated with the chronic use of this class of drugs, __________ are commonly prescribed for occasional short-term difficulties in sleeping.
16
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Chapter 15: Drug Addiction and the Brains Reward Circuits
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/36831
Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss contingent and conditioned drug tolerance.Explain the significance of these phenomena, and describe one experimental demonstration of each.
Q2) Many researchers believe that a major cause of drug relapse is A) priming.
B) stress.
C) drug-related cues.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Q3) Some drugs can be effectively administered through mucous membranes.One such drug is A) cocaine.
B) heroin.
C) morphine. D) nicotine.
E) caffeine.
Q4) Describe the physical-dependence and positive-incentive perspectives of addiction.What is the current status of the "debate" between these two perspectives.How well does each account for relapse?.
Q5) The before-and-after design is used to study __________ drug tolerance.
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Chapter 16: Lateralization, Language, and the Split Brain
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170 Verified Questions
170 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How many digits are presented during one trial of the conventional dichotic listening test of language lateralization?
A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8
E) 12
Q2) Although the symptoms of apraxia are ________, apraxia usually results from damage to the ________ hemisphere.
A) unilateral; left
B) contralateral; right
C) ipsilateral; left
D) bilateral; right
E) bilateral; left
Q3) The Z lens was developed by
A) Zaidel.
B) Zalman Amit.
C) Zurif.
D) Zimbardo.
E) Zola-Morgan.
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Chapter 17: Biopsychology of Emotion, Stress, and Health
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154 Verified Questions
154 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/36833
Sample Questions
Q1) Glucocorticoids are released from the A) anterior pituitary.
B) adrenal medulla.
C) thymus.
D) both A and B
E) none of the above
Q2) Bard's research on sham rage led him to conclude that the
A) Cannon-Bard theory is basically correct.
B) James-Lange theory is basically correct.
C) hypothalamus and adjoining structures play critical roles in the expression of aggression.
D) entire limbic system plays a critical role in the expression of emotion.
E) neocortex plays a critical role in the expression of emotion.
Q3) Each amygdala is
A) a single nucleus.
B) a cluster of many nuclei.
C) actually two distinct structures.
D) actually three distinct structures.
E) composed of a medulla and a cortex.
Q4) Lie detection is also known as __________.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Biopsychology of Psychiatric Disorders
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137 Verified Questions
137 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Imipramine is a __________ antidepressant.
Q2) Benzodiazepines have been shown to reduce indices of fear and anxiety in the A) elevated-plus-maze test.
B) risk-assessment test.
C) defensive-burying test.
D) all of the above
E) both A and B
Q3) Dopamine agonist is to dopamine antagonist as A) reserpine is to chlorpromazine.
B) cocaine is to reserpine.
C) reserpine is to amphetamine.
D) chlorpromazine is to reserpine.
E) amphetamine is to cocaine.
Q4) Structural brain-imaging studies of schizophrenic patients typically reveal A) widespread abnormalities.
B) reduced brain size.
C) abnormally large cerebral ventricles.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above
Q5) Depression for which there is no apparent cause is called __________ depression.
Page 20
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