Introduction to Medical Physics
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Introduction to Medical Physics offers an exploration of the fundamental principles and applications of physics in the medical field. This course covers topics such as the interaction of radiation with matter, basic concepts of dosimetry, imaging modalities (including X-ray, CT, MRI, and ultrasound), radiation therapy, and the safety standards necessary for clinical environments. Emphasis is placed on understanding how physical principles underpin diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, preparing students for further study or careers in medical and health physics.
Recommended Textbook Essentials of Radiographic Physics and Imaging 1st Edition by James Johnston
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Imaging Sciences
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the momentum of a 30-kg object traveling at 2.5 m/s?
A) 12 kg-m/s
B) 75 kg-m/s
C) 150 kg-m/s
D) 187.5 kg-m/s
Answer: B
Q2) Newton is the unit of measure of:
A) velocity
B) momentum
C) force
D) acceleration
Answer: C
Q3) The principle of inertia was first described by:
A) Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
B) Sir Isaac Newton
C) Thomas Alva Edison
D) Crookes
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Structure of the Atom
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Q1) Two or more atoms that bond together form a(n):
A) atomic number
B) atomic mass number
C) element
D) compound
Answer: D
Q2) The electron binding energy is stronger when:
A) there are more protons and the electron is closer to the nucleus
B) there are fewer protons and the electron is closer to the nucleus
C) there are fewer protons and the electron is farther from the nucleus
D) there are more protons and the electron is farther from the nucleus
Answer: A
Q3) Each element has an unchanging number of protons.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) An ionic bond results in an electrically charged molecule or compound.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Electromagnetic and Particulate Radiation
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Sample Questions
Q1) X-rays are produced:
A) from unstable atoms
B) using fast-moving electrons
C) using fast-moving atoms
D) using fast-moving metals
Answer: B
Q2) Frequency is typically measured in:
A) hertz
B) feet
C) centimeters
D) meters
Answer: B
Q3) The electromagnetic radiation that passes between the television remote and television is:
A) visible light
B) infrared light
C) microwaves
D) ultraviolet light
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: X-Ray Circuit
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Sample Questions
Q1) The unit of measurement of electrical charges (SI)is:
A) watt
B) joule
C) newton
D) coulomb
Q2) AEC.controls the ________________ of radiation reaching the image receptor.
A) type
B) quantity
C) energy level
D) all of the above
Q3) When there is movement of some of the electrons of an uncharged metallic object as it is brought into the electric field of a charged object,this is electrification by:
A) contact
B) friction
C) induction
D) A and B
Q4) The synchronous timer is the most widely used timer in today's x-ray equipment.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: The X-Ray Tube
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tungsten is used to coat the anode disc because it:
A) has a low atomic number
B) has a low melting point
C) conducts heat well
D) does not conduct heat well
Q2) The smaller the anode angle:
A) the smaller the actual focal spot
B) the larger the actual focal spot
C) the smaller the effective focal spot
D) the larger the effective focal spot
Q3) The rotor is found:
A) near the tube window
B) outside the envelope
C) inside the envelope
D) towards the cathode end of the tube
Q4) The formula kVp × mA × s × c is used to calculate:
A) heat units
B) cooling time
C) heating time
D) all of the above
Page 7
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Chapter 6: X-Ray Production
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Sample Questions
Q1) To increase the quantity of radiation by adjusting the kVp to the same level as doubling the mAs,increase kVp by a factor of:
A) 2%
B) 5%
C) 15%
D) 25%
Q2) Changes along the x-axis of the x-ray emission spectrum reflect changes in the _________________ of the x-ray beam,whereas changes along the y-axis reflect changes in the ___________________ of the beam.
A) quality;quantity
B) quantity;quality
C) quantity;quantity
D) quality;quality
Q3) The x-ray beam found after leaving the patient is called the:
A) remnant beam
B) primary beam
C) patient beam
D) none of the above
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Chapter 7: X-Ray Interactions With Matter
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Q1) The energy of the photoelectron is the least as a result of a photoelectric interaction in:
A) bone
B) soft tissue
C) fat
D) the energy level is the same for all
Q2) Most classical scatter photons:
A) are the result of the removal of an orbital electron
B) are absorbed in the body
C) are transmitted through the body
D) become remnant radiation
Q3) Secondary x-ray photons are the result of:
A) Compton interactions
B) Thompson scattering
C) photoelectric interactions
D) A and C
Q4) The higher the atomic number of an atom,the greater the probability of a photoelectric interaction.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Image Production
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Sample Questions
Q1) Photoelectric interactions occur only at the lower end of the diagnostic range of photon energies.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Less than _________ of the primary beam entering the part reaches the image receptor.
A) 1%
B) 5%
C) 18%
D) 99%
Q3) Decreased attenuation results in:
A) more x-ray photons reaching the image receptor
B) fewer x-ray photons reaching the image receptor
C) no change in the number of photons reaching the image receptor
D) none of the above
Q4) Tissue that is more dense results in:
A) increased attenuation
B) decreased attenuation
C) no change in attenuation
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Chapter 9: Image Characteristics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compared with film-screen imaging,digital imaging has:
A) improved spatial resolution
B) improved contrast resolution
C) A and B
D) none of the above
Q2) Additional exposure after the curve reaches Dm results in:
A) higher contrast
B) lower contrast
C) increased density
D) decreased density
Q3) The response of the film to the remnant radiation is part of subject contrast.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Because it reduced recorded detail,it is always best to minimize shape distortion in radiographic imaging.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Image contrast and contrast resolution are the same.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Radiographic Exposure Technique
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the mA is 600 and exposure time is 10 ms,how can the mAs be doubled?
A) increase the mA to 1200
B) increase the time to 20 ms
C) increase the mAs to 24 mAs
D) all of the above
Q2) The controlling factor for density when using a film-screen image receptor is:
A) SID
B) mAs
C) OID
D) image receptor type
Q3) When the distance is decreased from 72 inches SID to 40 inches SID,the radiation reaching the measuring device:
A) increases
B) decreases
C) stay the same
D) increases by a factor of 0.4
Q4) Tube angulation may result in elongation and reduced exposure to the IR.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Scatter Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) To determine the amount of mAs to be increased when making grid changes,it is necessary to use the GCF,also known as the:
A) grid constancy figure
B) grid compensatory factor
C) general compensation factuals
D) grid conversion factor
Q2) The grid is part of a device located just below the tabletop that also includes a tray to hold the IR.This device is the:
A) wafer grid
B) bucky
C) grid cap
D) grid cassette
Q3) The grid used for the air gap technique should be high frequency.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Focused grids are more effective than parallel grids in absorbing scatter radiation and allowing transmitted radiation to reach the IR.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Image Receptors
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Sample Questions
Q1) The reason for using a redundant array of independent disks (RAID)is to make sure that data for the imaging studies is backed up.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Orthochromatic film is sensitive to:
A) blue light
B) green light
C) red light
D) none of the above
Q3) The smaller the crystal in the phosphor layer of an intensifying screen,the ________ the screen speed.
A) slower
B) faster
C) same
D) none of the above
Q4) The type of image receptor used in cassette-based digital systems is the:
A) photostimulable phosphor plate
B) reflective layer
C) barium fluorohalide
D) plate reader
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Chapter 13: Automatic Exposure Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) Today's AEC system is most likely use a(n):
A) ionization chamber
B) Geiger counter
C) phototimer
D) none of the above
Q2) All APR settings use AEC
A)True
B)False
Q3) If the back-up time is shorter than the actual exposure time needed for a properly exposed image:
A) the image receptor will be overexposed
B) the image receptor will be underexposed
C) the exposure will be appropriate
Q4) The amount of electric charge produced in an AEC detector depends on the amount of radiation absorbed by the detector.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Once a part has been selected using APR,the exposure factors cannot be adjusted.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Image Intensified Fluoroscopy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Performance quality control testing should be done by a:
A) radiographer
B) medial physicist
C) radiologist
D) student radiographer
Q2) Which of the following has a rectangular field of view and a wider dynamic range?
A) conventional image intensifier
B) flat-panel detector in place of image intensifier
C) there is no difference between the two
Q3) This part of the image intensifier is made of cesium and antimony compounds.
A) input phosphor
B) output phosphor
C) photocathode
D) electrostatic focusing lenses
Q4) Fluoroscopic equipment should be inspected every:
A) week
B) month
C) 6 months
D) year
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Chapter 15: Additional Equipment
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Sample Questions
Q1) The arc created by the total movement of the tube during tomography is the:
A) tomographic amplitude
B) exposure amplitude
C) fulcrum
D) focal plane
Q2) This type of dedicated unit is typically used to image the mandible and teeth.
A) chest
B) panorex
C) mammography
D) bone densitometry
Q3) The mammography unit's x-ray tube window is made of molybdenum.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Linear tomography is seldom used because the cost of making an x-ray unit have tomographic capabilities is prohibitive.
A)True
B)False
Q5) AEC devices are always used for mobile radiographic imaging.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Computed Tomography
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Sample Questions
Q1) The WL should be set:
A) at 0
B) above 0
C) below 0
D) near the CT number of the anatomy to be visualized
Q2) Also known as high-contrast resolution,this quality determines the system's ability to distinguish between very different tissue types as they get closer together.
A) noise
B) spatial resolution
C) contrast resolution
D) all of the above
Q3) This is the process that allows the tube to continue rotating around the patient without the need to rewind.
A) spiral CT
B) multislice CT
C) slip-ring technology
D) cone beam
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