Introduction to Law Final Exam
Course Introduction
Introduction to Law offers a foundational overview of legal concepts, principles, and systems. The course examines the nature and function of law in society, sources of law, and the structure of various legal institutions. Students will explore key legal fields such as constitutional, criminal, civil, and administrative law. Through case studies and critical discussions, the course emphasizes legal reasoning, the role of courts, and the importance of legal ethics. Designed for students from all disciplines, this course provides essential knowledge for anyone interested in understanding how laws shape and regulate individual and collective behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Technology in the Law Office 4th Edition by Thomas F. Goldman
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Technology in the Law Office
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Q1) The following is a computer substitute for the use of traditional telephone connections.
A) VoIP
B) Hot Spot
C) Hard Copy
D) Attachment
Answer: A
Q2) A chief information officer or chief technology officer at a corporate firm must anticipate change and
A) find ways to avoid implementing it.
B) supervise paralegals.
C) find the smoking gun.
D) plan for it in concrete and innovative ways.
Answer: D
Q3) _____________ has become a buzzword for shipping work out of the office or out of the country to save money.
Answer: Outsourcing
Q4) _____________ is rapidly replacing paper format note taking.
Answer: Electronic note taking.
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Chapter 2: Ethics and Professional Responsibility in a Technology Age
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Q1) All communication between the client and the lawyer for the purpose of obtaining legal advice is protected by the _________________. Answer: attorney-client privilege
Q2) The use of the Internet and other forms of electronic communication do not change the rules regarding the unauthorized practice of law. A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q3) Agents of lawyers are not covered by the attorney client privilege A)True B)False Answer: False
Q4) In a completely _______________,the lawyer and client may never actually meet face-to face; all communication is electronic through the Internet or by telephone. Answer: virtual law practice
Q5) While confidentiality is an ethical obligation________ is a rule of evidence. Answer: Privilege
4
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Chapter 3: Computers in the Law Office
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Sample Questions
Q1) The RAM is the computer "chip" that interprets computer instructions and processes data
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The following refers to a group of workstations connected together:
A) RAM
B) network
C) motherboard
D) all of the above
Answer: B
Q3) ________ is a matter of buying software written for the type of computer used.
A) Ingenuity
B) Compatibility
C) Reliability
D) Adaptability
Answer: C
Q4) ___________refers to the temporary computer memory that stores work in progress.
Answer: RAM
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Chapter 4: The Internet, the Cloud, and Communications
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Q1) Attorney Jack Parsons has lost an important lawsuit,and all appeals were exhausted.After closing the file,Jack instructed his paralegal,Jim Cassidy,to carefully save all of the client's e-mails in a specially designated e-mail archive.Why would archiving these e-mails be a potentially valuable practice?
Q2) E-mail is saved on a computer or a file server in a file or folder called a mailbox.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The term networked refers to:
A) an office where each person's computer is connected to a separate printer.
B) an office where each person's computer is connected to the court's central server.
C) an office where everyone has a personal computer.
D) an office where each person's computer is connected to other people's computers.
Q4) There should be a standardized file hierarchy across the system so all users can locate files.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Word Processing
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Q1) Sharing documents with others requires an appreciation of the differences in word processing program versions and how they impact others,including team members,clients and the courts.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The "Track Changes" feature can assist your adversary because they:
A) will see your mistakes, such as typos, incorrect grammar usage, or improper citations to cases or statutory law.
B) may gain insight as to your writing capabilities.
C) may gain insight as to the original length of your document.
D) may gain insight as to the strategy of your case.
Q3) The term footer refers to items at the top of each page of the document
A)True
B)False
Q4) A boilerplate document can be saved as:
A) metadata
B) a template
C) a file extension
D) a file format
Q5) Document properties are a part of the _________ for word processing documents
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Spreadsheets
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many areas of legal practice involve calculating and presenting ________ information
A) discoverable
B) financial
C) case law
D) updated
Q2) How can the legal team avoid ethical problems with sensitive information in Excel?
Q3) Many offices save spreadsheet _____________ in the same way they save sample word processing documents for future use.
Q4) A row is a:
A) vertical set of cells in a spreadsheet
B) computerized format utilizing a series of 1s and 0s
C) horizontal set of cells in a spreadsheet
D) a template
Q5) A ______________ in its most basic form is any two items with some relationship that is acted upon mathematically,with the result presented:
Q6) Spreadsheets use basic __________ for math functions.
Q7) Any selection of cells can be converted to a _________ using the Chart tool.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Electronic Databases
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Sample Questions
Q1) A database in a law firm usually contains ________ information.
A) confidential
B) unnecessary
C) questionable
D) disorganized
Q2) Jack Parsons had been in the practice of law for nearly 20 years.During that time,he accumulated a file of hundreds of cards,each containing the name of a client,adversary,or party,along with addresses,phone numbers,case numbers,and other identifying information.One of the most important uses of this file is to check for conflicts.However,due to human error,potential conflicts occasionally have been missed.How can he use current database technology to replace this outdated system? Explain how such a system would be implemented.
Q3) Jack keeps his client card file locked in a secure file cabinet in his office.He allows personnel in the office to access it only when a conflict check needs to be performed,or a new client needs to be added to the file.He is concerned that a computer database would be too easily accessible,and confidential client information could be revealed.What safeguards are available if he changes to a computer database?
Q4) _____________ present the data from the database in an organized,readable presentation.
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Chapter 8: Utilities, applications and Tools
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Q1) __________ technology essentially permits a user to put a lock around his or her information to protect it from being discovered by others.
Q2) The creator of a PDF,by adding a ____________,can limit the availability of the receiver of the PDF file to edit or print the document in newer versions of the software.
Q3) Cloud storage eliminates the need to support and maintain in-house storage servers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Cloud data storage is the saving of data on remote servers using the Internet. A)True
B)False
Q5) In every law office there are certain documents that are fairly standardized or contain language that is always used,sometimes called:
A) specialized
B) encryption
C) boilerplate
D) PDF
Q6) A TIFF is an example of a _________ image file.
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Chapter 9: Office Management Software
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most office functions can be divided into the following categories:
A) calendar, typing, contacts, and accounting.
B) calendar, scanning, research, and accounting.
C) calendar, contacts, scanning, and research.
D) calendar, contacts, files, and accounting.
Q2) ________ refer to any matter,case,file,or project that you need to track.
A) Events
B) Matters
C) Names
D) Documents
Q3) Until now,Kate Sandberg handled most of her cases on a flat fee or contingency fee basis.Her firm seldom billed clients on an hourly basis.However,she has now been retained by a new client,Electro Tech,Inc.to provide advice and representation in various corporate matters.She has agreed to bill them at agreed hourly rates,in addition to costs incurred in representing them.Her two associates and one paralegal are all to be billed at different rates.What software tool can Kate use to manage the billing to Electro Tech,and possibly other similar clients? How will this software provide this solution?
Q4) ________ refers to the value of the assets of an entity reduced by the claims of outsiders.
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Chapter 10: Case Organization and Management Software
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Q1) It is recommended that only one member of the legal team should be able to access case information electronically.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Timelines are useful for analyzing the case or meeting deadlines in the process.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The use of computers for email and document storage by businesses has decreased the number of potential documents that may have to be reviewed in litigation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The first step in organizing a new case file is to
A) decide whether a paper or electronic file will be used.
B) break large files down into sub-files.
C) decide the arrangement of the topics within the files.
D) make copies of all the case documents.
Q5) Timelines are rarely presented as a graphic representation.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Changing Face of Discovery and the Basics of
E-Discovery
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Q1) __________ request written answers to questions.
Q2) Federal Rules governing discovery have been modified to:
A) provide a framework for requesting and satisfying requests for documents in electronic format.
B) provide a time limit for conducting discovery.
C) provide a framework for limiting the burdensome nature of discovery in the electronic age.
D) all the above
Q3) To claim a document as privileged requires the submission of a privilege log identifying the item and the reason for the privilege.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discovery may not begin until the lawyers have conferred and developed a proposed _______ plan,as required in Fed.R.Civ.P 26.
A) settlement
B) ESI
C) privilege
D) discovery
Q5) What is metadata?
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Chapter 12: Evolving Issues in E-Discovery
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Q1) Spoilation can involve almost any method of destroying evidence.
A)True
B)False
Q2) More businesses are adopting ____________ for electronic data,which govern how long this information is retained.
Q3) In the case of spoliation of evidence,an adverse instruction tells the jury that they may
A) infer that the destroyed evidence may have been favorable to the other side.
B) assume that the destroyed evidence was favorable to the other side.
C) decide in favor of the other party if it determined that evidence was deliberately destroyed.
D) decide in favor of the other party if it is shown that the destroyed evidence was favorable to them.
Q4) The common law and amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure suggest that a client does not need to preserve documents related to a dispute until litigation has been formally filed.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: E-Discovery--The Process
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Q1) The collection process may require retaining outside professionals who are experienced in the techniques of searching databases.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Cloud-based e-discovery rather than on-premise software can result in
A) lower costs.
B) unpredictable "spikes" in expenses.
C) more time required for training.
D) less flexibility.
Q3) Synchromotive,Inc.has now filed a lawsuit against Kate Sandberg's client,Electro Tech,for patent infringement in federal district court.The parties are now moving ahead with the e-discovery process.Kate will need to obtain all of Synchromotive's documentation about the development of the Speedex device; but she has very little information about how and where these records are maintained by the plaintiff,and who is responsible for them.What tools are available under the federal rules for identifying and locating documents among a defendant's records? How should these tools be crafted to make sure all necessary records are identified and located?
Q4) Define the phrase "search query" in the context of e-discovery.
Q5) Describe the methods used to identify relevant information in e-discovery.
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Chapter 14: Analysis and Review of E-Discovery
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Q1) Even with a careful privilege review,documents that are considered privileged may still be overlooked and produced unintentionally,which is referred to as predictive coding.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Every electronic document has metadata,which is simply information about the document.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Challenges to the __________ of electronic documents are not based on the physical characteristics of the material on which they are created,but on the electronic characteristics of their creation and storage-the metadata.
Q4) Paper documents may be ________ to convert them to electronic form.
A) saved
B) scanned
C) edited
D) moved
Q5) ____________ refers to the format in which the document was originally created.
Page 16
Q6) _______ is the process of capturing case-relevant information from a document.
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Chapter 15: The Electronic Courtroom
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Q1) Even when it is known the courtroom is "wired," the legal team should:
A) check for the judge's preferences.
B) check with the courthouse personnel for security clearance.
C) check for compatibility with their equipment.
D) all the above
Q2) The basic ________ courtroom uses a computer projector,a projection screen,and a laptop computer.
Q3) Once the trial begins,the trial team's outside technology consultants
A) are barred from assisting the team in the courtroom.
B) should be involved in making sure the presentation goes ahead smoothly.
C) usually have little offer in the way of assistance during trial.
D) are redundant, since the courthouse staff provides sufficient support.
Q4) Describe how Court Staff can Assist the Legal Team with Using Electronic Resources in the Courthouse.
Q5) Just as some trial attorneys are not comfortable using multimedia presentation tools,some judges may feel that multimedia technology detracts from the ultimate task of reviewing the facts to make a judgment.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Presentation and Trial Graphics
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Q1) Task lists,otherwise known as "to-do lists," can be created using the electronic _______ in the office suite.
Q2) How can a spreadsheet be used effectively at trial?
Q3) ______________ brochures that are sent to the opposing side now include graphics toillustrate the theory of liability,the damages,and the potential evidence that will be used if the case goes to trial.
Q4) PowerPoint allows many enhancements to a slide presentation,from slide transitions - like fading in and fading out and the addition of ________ during a slide transition.
A) scanning
B) editing
C) reflections
D) sounds
Q5) It is possible to create ________ in court,on a laptop computer,to meet an unexpected factual twist and display the image using the laptop and projection unit.
A) opening and closing arguments
B) pre-trial orders
C) trial graphics
D) trial briefs
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Chapter 17: Electronic Trial Presentation
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Q1) In the Greenway Chemical case,Jack's trial team had amassed hundreds of photos,maps,graphs,videos,and document images that they intended to display for the jury over the course of a trial that was expected to last several weeks.The various images and documents were created with a variety of applications,and existed in a variety of formats.Although Jim Cassidy,Jack's paralegal,had created a "master list" of files,listing them in the sequence they were planned to be presented,these files were all scattered among many different folders on a hard drive.It was expected that this sequence would change,perhaps many times,during the course of the trial as defense objections were sustained,witnesses altered their testimony,or new ideas arose.Jack wanted to focus on his trial lawyering skills,such as cross-examining witnesses and speaking to the jury,without having to worry about organizing the exhibits.What tools are available to help with this aspect of the litigation? How can they help Jack's team?
Q2) How are individual presentations created in Sanction?
Q3) When using transcripts in a Sanction presentation,
A) only the ASCII format may be used.
B) different formats may be used.
C) only the text file may be used.
D) it must be in either Word or Wordperfect format.
Q4) What is the advantage of using video as part of a trial presentation?
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