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Introduction to Law provides students with a foundational understanding of the legal system, its structures, and its role in society. The course examines the sources of law, the distinction between civil and criminal law, and the key institutions that make and interpret laws, such as legislatures, courts, and administrative bodies. Students will explore fundamental legal concepts, including rights, duties, justice, and the rule of law, while gaining familiarity with legal reasoning and case analysis. Through case studies and practical examples, the course prepares students to critically engage with legal issues and appreciate the importance of law in everyday life.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of the Legal Environment 4th Edition by Roger LeRoy Miller
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1489 Verified Questions
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Q1) Law enforcement officers suspect Chris of drug trafficking.Without a warrant, the officers install a tracking device on a vehicle belonging to Chris's mother.Tracking the vehicle with the device produces incriminating evidence, and Chris is charged with trafficking.He argues that the government's use of the device violated his Fourth Amendment rights by subjecting him to an unlawful "search." Under the principles discussed in "A Sample Court Case," United States v.Jones, the court is most likely to rule that the officers' installation of the device was
A)a search and an unlawful trespass.
B)not a search because incriminating evidence was produced.
C)not a search because the officers did not obtain a warrant.
D)not a search because only the officers knew about the device.
Answer: A
Q2) The Securities Exchange Commission (SEC)is an administrative agency.Like other administrative agencies, the SEC was established to
A)act as a liaison between federal and state governments.
B)impose uniform laws on the states.
C)perform a specific function.
D)standardize laws for the executive and judicial branches.
Answer: C
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Q1) Paoli asserts against River City a claim based on allegedly conflicting rights and protections stemming from the U.S.Constitution.In this case, the role of the United States Supreme Court is to
A)decline to review the claim due to the conflict.
B)defuse the conflict by eliminating rights or protections.
C)designate a lower court to make a decision.
D)determine the appropriate balance.
Answer: D
Q2) In the pursuit of profits, Global Enterprises Corporation engages in what some observers consider to be bad corporate behavior.The worldwide explosion of information technology has led to a transparent global economy that makes socially responsible behavior
A)more important.
B)less important.
C)neither more nor less important.
D)both more and less important.
Answer: A
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Q1) Emil wants to initiate a suit against Fast Credit Company by filing a complaint.The complaint should include
A)an explanation of the proof to be offered at trial.
B)a motion for judgment n.o.v.
C)a motion for judgment on the pleadings.
D)a statement of the grounds for the court to exercise jurisdiction.
Answer: D
Q2) Hua, a resident of Illinois, owns a warehouse in Indiana.A dispute arises over the ownership of the warehouse with Jac, a resident of Kentucky.Jac files a suit against Hua in Indiana.Regarding this suit, Indiana has
A)federal question jurisdiction.
B)in personam jurisdiction.
C)in rem jurisdiction.
D)no jurisdiction.
Answer: C
Q3) Any judgment is enforceable.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Q1) Adhering strictly to all business laws is all that is necessary to fulfill all business ethics obligations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) John is sales manager for Kleen 'N Brite Products, Inc.Compared to John's personal activities, his business activities most likely involve
A)more complex ethical issues.
B)no ethical issues.
C)simpler ethical issues.
D)the same ethical issues.
Q3) Lia works for Media Marketing Company.Her job includes putting "spin" on the firm's successes and failures.In this context, ethics involves
A)"bad" versus "good" publicity.
B)questions of rightness and wrongness.
C)the firm's quarterly revenue.
D)whatever is legal.
Q4) Business ethics is not more complicated than personal ethics.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) A law that restricts people of a certain national origin from doing something will be carefully examined to make sure it promotes a compelling government interest before it is allowed to stand.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Jim operates Jim's Fruits & Vegetables, a small market stocked entirely with produce grown on his adjacent farm.Under what clause of the Constitution can the federal government regulate Jim's activities What is Jim's best argument against federal regulation of his farm and business
Q3) Martin, a U.S.citizen, feels that a recently enacted federal law is unfair.He assembles a group of friends and they write a petition to the government.Martin and friends then stand quietly in front of the White House with signs declaring their belief that the law is unfair.Under the First Amendment, Martin has a right to
A)petition the government, but not to assemble a group peaceably.
B)assemble peaceably, but not to petition the government.
C)both petition the government and assemble peaceably.
D)neither petition the government nor assemble peaceably.
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Q1) Unlike those who violate statutes, violators of agency rules are not punished.
A)True
B)False
Q2) With some exceptions, every portion of every meeting of the Federal Reserve System Board of Governors and other federal administrative agencies must be open to public observation under
A)no federal or state law.
B)the Freedom of Information Act.
C)the Government in the Sunshine Act.
D)the Public Accountability Act.
Q3) The Regulatory Flexibility Act has helped reduce record-keeping burdens for Hometown Gas Company and other small business firms in the area of
A)accounting practices.
B)asset acquisition.
C)hazardous waste management.
D)tax reporting.
Q4) Only experts can submit comments on a proposed administrative rule.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Ralph, a van driver for Speedy Delivery Company, causes a multi-vehicle accident on a city street.Ralph and Speedy are liable to A)all those who were injured.
B)only those who were uninsured.
C)only those whose injuries could have been reasonably foreseen.
D)only those whose vehicles were closest to Ralph's van.
Q2) Joy invites Ken into her apartment.Ken commits trespass to land if he A)enters the apartment with fraudulent intent.
B)harms the apartment in any way.
C)makes disparaging remarks about Joy to others.
D)refuses to leave when Joy asks him to go.
Q3) Lew angrily accuses Mandy, a broker with New Financial Services, of fraudulently inducing him to invest in Open Pit Oil Company, whose wells are dry.The reliance that gives rise to liability for fraud is normally based on a statement of A)emotion.
B)fact.
C)opinion.
D)puffery.
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Q1) Lyman, Inc., a U.S.firm, and Montcalm, Ltd., a Canadian firm, include an arbitration clause in their contract, under which the two parties arbitrate a dispute that results in an award.This award will most likely be
A)as difficult or as easy to enforce as a court judgment.
B)easier to enforce than a court judgment.
C)more difficult to enforce than a court judgment.
D)unenforceable.
Q2) Einz, A.G., a German firm, and Fuego, S.A., a Honduran firm, litigate a dispute under their contract, which results in a court judgment.The enforcement of a judgment in a foreign court normally depends on
A)bilateral agreements and the principle of comity.
B)choice-of-law and forum selection clauses in the parties' contract.
C)the act of state doctrine and the doctrine of sovereign immunity.
D)arbitration and litigation clauses in the parties' contract.
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Q1) Identity theft occurs when a wrongdoer steals another's form of identification.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Thinking about killing someone constitutes the crime of attempted murder.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A criminal case must be proved beyond a reasonable doubt.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Mary, who is charged with a crime, claims that Nick, a government agent, entrapped her.For entrapment to be a valid defense
A)Mary must not have been predisposed to commit the crime.
B)Nick must have pressured Mary into committing the crime.
C)Nick must have suggested that the crime be committed.
D)all of the choices.
Q5) The only defense to criminal liability that justifies the use of force is self-defense.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Downloading software or music into a computer's random access memory without authorization is copyright infringement.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Ross e-mails Super Snowboard Company's marketing campaign to Winter Sports Corporation, Super's competitor, without its permission.This is
A)copyright infringement.
B)patent infringement.
C)trademark infringement.
D)a theft of trade secrets.
Q3) Home Products Company and House & Yard, Inc., use the mark "Good Housekeeping Seal of Approval" to certify the quality of their products.Home Products and House & Yard are not in business together and do not own this mark.This mark is
A)a certification mark.
B)a collective mark.
C)a service mark.
D)trade dress.
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Q1) A forum-selection clause indicates the place for the resolution of a dispute arising under a contract.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Under the principle of comity, all foreign governments are subject to all U.S.laws.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Sudan seizes the assets of Triage Medical, Inc., a U.S.firm.Triage's recovery from Sudan in a U.S.court may be prevented by
A)the act of state doctrine.
B)the doctrine of sovereign immunity.
C)the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act.
D)the principle of comity.
Q4) Expropriation occurs when a government seizes private property for an illegal purpose and awards just compensation.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Myron and Norah would like to form Originals, Inc., to do business in the art market.Generally, the articles of incorporation for a corporation do not include
A)the name of the corporation.
B)the functions of the corporation.
C)the structure of the organization.
D)the minutes of the organizational meeting.
Q2) Directors can use corporate funds and confidential information for personal advantage as long as they disclose that they are doing so.
A)True
B)False
Q3) DeFazio's Italian Restaurants, Inc., holds a shareholders' meeting.Corporate business matters are presented at the meeting in the form of A)resolutions.
B)proxies.
C)articles of incorporation.
D)bylaws.
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Q1) Roshini is a shareholder of Satsui, Ltd., a Japanese firm.Roshini brings a derivative action against the company.If the action is unsuccessful, Satsui
A)can sue Roshini for damages.
B)must pay Roshini's legal fees.
C)must apologize to Roshini.
D)must accept Roshini's apology in lieu of costs, fees, or damages.
Q2) Kitschen Equipe, GmBH, a German firm, orally agrees to sell six large freezers to Mon Desir Cafés, S.A., in France.Kitschen fails to deliver, Mon Desir does not pay, and the parties take their dispute to court.France does not require certain types of contracts to be in writing.Without a writing requirement, the parties can prove their agreement and its terms by
A)evidence of conduct.
B)oral testimony.
C)written documents.
D)all of the choices.
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Q1) Greco promises to buy illegal copies of CDs and DVDs from Fava, who promises to deliver on April 15.These promises are most likely
A)enforceable.
B)valid.
C)void.
D)voidable.
Q2) Vernon claims that his contract with Ulani is voidable.If their contract is avoided
A)both parties are released from it.
B)both parties must fully perform their obligations under it.
C)a wholly different contract is agreed to.
D)a wholly different contract is imposed "as if" the parties had agreed.
Q3) An effective offer requires reasonably certain terms.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A unilateral contract is formed when the one receiving the offer completes the requested act or performance.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Consequential damages are awarded for damage caused by special circumstances beyond a contract.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If a contract states that a right cannot be assigned, then ordinarily it cannot be assigned.
A)True B)False
Q3) Any breach-material or minor-discharges the nonbreaching party from the contract.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Under the Statute of Frauds, all contracts must be in writing to be enforceable.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Equitable remedies include rescission and restitution.
A)True B)False
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Q1) The seller's or lessor's basic obligation under a sales contract is to tender conforming goods to the buyer or lessee.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Under the UCC, prompt shipment of goods is considered an acceptance of an offer to buy the goods.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Consuelo and Gabriela enter into a contract for a sale of saxophones and other brass instruments.Consuelo delivers, but Gabriela does not pay.Consuelo can normally recover as damages
A)any profit lost minus any loss avoided.
B)whatever amount the seller wishes to claim.
C)the purchase price plus incidental damages.
D)the market price at the place at which the seller delivered the goods.
Q4) UCC Article 2A covers any transaction that creates a lease of goods.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Dina asks Edie to co-sign a credit application so that she can borrow money and buy a truck from First Street Motors.If, after the loan agreement is signed, Dina agrees to a higher rate of interest without telling Edie, then Edie is
A)discharged from the agreement.
B)liable at the higher rate of interest.
C)liable at the lower rate of interest.
D)liable for the principal only.
Q2) Wilson wants to file an ordinary, or straight, bankruptcy.Wilson should file using A)Chapter 7.
B)Chapter 11.
C)Chapter 13.
D)his state's bankruptcy code.
Q3) Zeke files a petition for bankruptcy under Chapter 13.Zeke's Chapter 13 plan must provide for
A)the turnover of his future income to the trustee.
B)his attendance at a credit-counseling briefing.
C)adequate means for the petition's execution. d a preference for one creditor over another.
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Q1) A home equity loan starts as a fixed-rate mortgage and then converts into an adjustable-rate mortgage.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Umberto and Tiara, who are married, borrow $110,000 from Sterling Credit Union to buy a home.The loan is a fixed-rate mortgage at 5.25 percent with a thirty-year term, subject to an acceleration clause, and secured by the home, which is their principal residence.When Umberto and Tiara have paid off $10,000 of the mortgage-still owing $100,000-they lose their jobs and stop making payments.Sterling Credit makes numerous attempts to contact the couple, but they do not respond.Meanwhile, the market value of their home has declined to $85,000.After six months, Sterling Credit decides to take steps to recover the unpaid amount of the loan.What are the lender's options Which option seems most likely Why What are the steps are involved
Q3) Federal mortgage disclosure requirements apply to the written materials that a lender provides and to any oral representations.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) During collective bargaining, an employer and a union must negotiate in good faith and make a reasonable effort to come to an agreement.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Clerical Workers Union represents the employees of Miracle Medical Research Company.The management of the firm refuses to bargain with the union over the hiring of unnecessary workers.This violates A)federal labor law.
B)state right-to-work laws.
C)federal employment discrimination law.
D)no federal or state law.
Q3) Nimble Numbers Accounting Corporation, a private employer, handles bookkeeping for small employers.In most circumstances, with exceptions, federal law clearly prohibits Nimble from subjecting its employees to A)job-skills tests.
B)monitoring of business communications.
C)drug tests.
D)lie-detector tests.
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Q1) Porto Bella Ltd., a Brazilian firm, requires its employee David to stay connected with work after office hours through a smartphone.In Brazil, David and other employees who are required to use mobile devices after work are
A)entitled to receive overtime wages.
B)prohibited from receiving overtime wages.
C)considered overworked and underpaid.
D)paid by their government for staying connected.
Q2) PowerSoft Corporation creates an internal social media network using enterprise social networking software and systems.Concerns about the use of an internal social media network include how to
A)keep the data safe.
B)make the data public.
C)provide access to all files to all employees.
D)maintain a personal, lively, and entertaining tone.
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Q1) Dick works for First City Bank.When his spouse Elin is diagnosed with Lou Gehrig's disease, Dick asks to take temporary leave to care for her.Instead, First City discharges him.He files a suit against the bank under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.Most likely, Dick can
A)recover for association discrimination.
B)recover for reverse discrimination.
C)recover for disparate-impact discrimination.
D)not recover.
Q2) Sarah believes that she was rejected for a position at Trekking Travel Agency due to her race.Sarah files a suit against Trekking Travel Agency under Title VII on the basis of disparate-treatment discrimination.Sarah must show all of the following except that
A)she is a member of a protected class.
B)she applied and was qualified for the job in question.
C)she was rejected by Trekking Travel Agency.
D)other people of her race hold similar positions with other employers.
Q3) Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits only intentional discrimination.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) The Environmental Protection Agency periodically updates the pollution standards. A)True B)False
Q2) The courts have considerably scaled back the Clean Water Act's protection of wetlands.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Operators of public water systems must meet the Environmental Protection Agency's standards regardless of the economic and technological feasibility.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Those who knowingly violate the Clean Air Act are exempt from liability.
A)True
B)False
Q5) There are no plans to develop national standards regulating the fuel economy and emissions for medium- and heavy-duty trucks.
A)True B)False
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Sample Questions
Q1) A suit is filed against Adroit Drilling Tools Corporation, alleging that the firm committed the offense of monopolization.To determine whether Adroit has monopoly power requires looking at
A)the definition of monopoly in the Sherman Act.
B)Adroit's size alone.
C)Adroit's production methods and marketing techniques.
D)the relevant market.
Q2) Holiday Baskets, Inc., refuses to buy products from GMO Farms.A unilateral refusal to deal can violate antitrust laws if the refusal
A)is likely to have an anticompetitive effect on a particular market.
B)results in lower prices for consumers.
C)provides no economic benefits for consumers.
D)is likely to increase competition.
Q3) Fresh Vegetables, Inc., a wholesaler, refuses to sell its produce to Good Mart Stores, Inc., a retailer.This is
A)"an unfair or deceptive act or practice."
B)a per se violation.
C)not a violation.
D)subject to analysis under the rule of reason.
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Q1) Vid Games, Inc., is a U.S.company currently involved in significant innovation and cost and quality competition with its rivals.With respect to the direction and control of Vid and its competitors in the United States and other countries, different models of corporate governance exist, depending on
A)the degree of capitalism in a particular nation.
B)the effect of innovation on the operations of a particular company.
C)the extent of cost efficiency in a particular corporation.
D)the quality of the products and services of a particular firm.
Q2) Etoile Metrics, S.A., a French software firm, is harmed by an exclusive-dealing scheme engineered by Flash Search, Inc., a U.S.software firm.Compared to U.S.laws, the European Union's laws
A)define less conduct as anticompetitive.
B)define more conduct as anticompetitive.
C)declare the same conduct-not more or less-to be anticompetitive.
D)include less detailed provisions on monopolization.
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Q1) Buying or selling securities on the basis of nonpublic information is illegal only if the profit from the transaction is unreasonable. A)True B)False
Q2) Generally, federal securities laws are patterned after states' antifraud laws. A)True B)False
Q3) One of the most common forms of securities are bonds issued by corporations. A)True B)False
Q4) Nouveau Riche Corporation's officers, directors, and shareholders buy and sell securities.SEC Rule 10b-5 applies to A)only the purchase or sale of a security by a financial corporation. B)only the purchase or sale of a security involving an officer or director. C)only the purchase or sale of a security involving a shareholder. D)the purchase or sale of any security.
Q5) Few securities can be resold without registration. A)True B)False
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