Introduction to Law Enforcement
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Introduction to Law Enforcement offers an overview of the principles, history, and contemporary practices of policing in modern society. This course examines the evolution of law enforcement, the structure and function of various agencies at the local, state, and federal levels, and the roles and responsibilities of police officers. Students explore topics such as community policing, ethical considerations, criminal law, investigation procedures, and the challenges faced by law enforcement professionals today. The course also addresses issues related to diversity, technology, accountability, and the dynamic relationship between law enforcement agencies and the communities they serve.
Recommended Textbook
The Police in America An Introduction 8th Edition by Samuel Walker
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Police and Society
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Chicago Alternative Police Strategy is a type of
A)community policing.
B)team policing.
C)problem-oriented policing.
D)police-community relations.
E)SWAT team.
Answer: A
Q2) The majority of the time, police officers are involved in criminal law enforcement, not order maintenance.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The decision by a police officer to make an arrest initiates most criminal cases.This factor makes police the __________ of the criminal justice system.
A)social controllers
B)gate keepers
C)peace keepers
D)first accusers
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The History of the American Police
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Q1) The policies used to assert control over the police operations and officers were collected in SOP manuals and became the basic tool of police managers.The term SOP stands for
A)standard organizational policies.
B)standard overview of policies.
C)standard operating procedures.
D)standard organizational provisions.
Answer: C
Q2) One of the most dramatic expressions of the new police subculture was the emergence of police unions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The "father" of modern policing is known as A)August Vollmer.
B)Darryl Gates.
C)Theodore Roosevelt.
D)Robert Peel.
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Contemporary Law Enforcement Industry
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Q1) Sheriffs have a unique role in that they serve all three components of the criminal justice system
A)executive, legislative, and judicial.
B)protection, service, and commitment.
C)management, efficiency, and quality.
D)law enforcement, courts, and corrections.
Answer: D
Q2) What act is responsible for launching the largest government reorganization at the federal level in recent decades?
A)the Violent Crime Control Act
B)the Homeland Security Act
C)the Social Security Act
D)the Civil Liberties Act
Answer: B
Q3) The office of police chief is usually more political than the office of sheriff.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Police Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) An important criticism of the quasi-military style is the
A)potential abuse of tax funds.
B)potential abuse of military-police authority.
C)increase of personnel morale under false pretenses.
D)the cultivation of an "us versus them" attitude.
Q2) The method of determining conditions of employment through bilateral negotiations is called
A)arguing.
B)collective bargaining.
C)debating.
D)conflicting.
Q3) What are the five major advantages in using a multi-agency task force in the investigation of gangs and drugs?
Q4) A set of formal and legally binding procedures governing personnel decisions is called civil service.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Friendship patterns are important in the management of a police department.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Police Of cers I: Entering Police Work
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Q1) The employment of racial and ethnic minority police officers has
A)decreased in recent years.
B)remained about the same in recent years.
C)increased significantly in recent years.
D)is no longer a problem since we have achieved equality.
Q2) Opponents of affirmative action argue that it lowers personnel standards by forcing the employer to hire persons with A) distinct minority status.
B) entitlement status, who double dip in treasury funds.
C) lower qualifications.
D) higher IQ, who do not remain with the organization.
Q3) To supplement classroom academy training, most departments operate practical field experience programs with senior officers.These are called FTO programs, which stands for
A)Forward Training Officer.
B)Field Training Officer.
C)Future Trainee Official.
D)Field Trainee Officer.
Q4) What are the six responsibilities of the civil service agency?
Q5) According to the text, why do police departments have personnel problems?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Police Of cers II: on the Job
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Q1) The Christopher Commission reported that the LAPD relies on community policing to achieve the racial harmony that we see in that city.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In most police departments, shift assignments are based on A)performance on exams.
B)seniority.
C)job performance.
D)educational level.
E)who you know.
Q3) Much of the changes in officer attitudes is partly the result of encountering A)social change.
B)family breakdown.
C)department problems.
D)hostility from citizens.
Q4) Research by the Police Foundation found that officers believe that "it is not unusual for a police officer to turn a blind eye to improper conduct by other officers."
A)True B)False
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Chapter 7: Patrol: the Backbone of Policing
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Q1) Only 20 to 30 percent of all calls involve criminal law enforcement. Most calls are actually
A)information calls.
B)drug violation calls.
C)service calls.
D)domestic calls.
Q2) High-speed pursuits are a major problem in police patrol.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What are some of the reasons why citizens delay calling the police?
Q4) Which of the following is not a part of the time between the commission of a crime and when an officer arrives on the scene?
A)discovery time
B)reporting time
C)preprocessing time
D)processing time
Q5) Two-way radio communication has eliminated the possibility of patrol officers avoiding work.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Peacekeeping and Order Maintenance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Prostitution poses many legal problems for the police.Which is the most difficult issue for the police to overcome?
A)corruption
B)entrapment
C)conspiracy
D)violations of privacy
Q2) There were 1.1 million women victimized by intimate partner violence in 1993.By 2010 that number was
A)1.3 million women.
B)1.5 million women.
C)1.7 million women.
D)879,264 women.
E)509,000 women.
Q3) Traditional juvenile units have several responsibilities.Generally, which is not one of these responsibilities?
A)arresting negligent guardians of delinquents
B)investigating reports of juvenile crime
C)preparing cases for court
D)appearing in court
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Page 10
Chapter 9: The Police and Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) In practice, patrol officers make about __________ of all arrests.
A)10 percent
B)30 percent
C)40 percent
D)60 percent
E)80 percent
Q2) Which detective units typically have the highest clearance rate?
A)vice units
B)property crime units
C)homicide units
D)sex crime units
Q3) A Rand Corporation report indicated that detective is
A)superficial, routine, and nonproductive.
B)exciting and interesting.
C)exciting but very demanding.
D)the best place for officers to start their career.
E)easy yet very dangerous.
Q4) What are some of the myths about detective work?
Q5) What are three reasons that a police officer might unfound a crime?
Q6) What are the five basic steps in a preliminary investigation?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Innovations in Police Strategy
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Chicago, as in most police departments, the rank-and-file police officers welcomed the change to community policing.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The article "Broken Windows" was written by
A)James Q.Wilson and George L.Kelling.
B)Shaw and McKay.
C)O.W.Wilson.
D)August Vollmer.
E)Patrick Murphy.
Q3) Zero tolerance policing calls for the police to focus primarily on A)vice crimes and crimes against persons.
B)community resources and crime index.
C)means by which policing is done and prosecution of crime.
D)disorder, minor crimes, and the appearance of crime.
Q4) Zero tolerance policing differs from problem-oriented policing in that A)zero tolerance doesn't attempt to analyze the cause of problems.
B)zero tolerance attempts to focus on crime prevention.
C)zero tolerance requires police to make fundamental changes in police culture.
D)zero tolerance does not address hot spots.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Police Discretion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The police continue to promote the "myth of full enforcement" for five reasons.What are those reasons?
Q2) While addressing incidents, such as domestic violence, that are largely hidden from public view, police officers can more easily ignore policy and the reporting requirement.This type of incident is called
A)course of action work.
B)sub action police work.
C)low level work.
D)low visibility work.
Q3) Kenneth Davis, a leading authority on administrative law, describes the principles of administrative rulemaking as
A)attempts to avoid law suits.
B)combining law and practice.
C)a strategy to fill the gap between law and practice.
D)answering all questions of policy.
E)avoiding "tough" decisions.
Q4) The neighborhood environment influences officer discretion.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Legitimacy and Community Relations
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Q1) The most serious examples of racial profiling that have been documented involve traffic stops by state police officers on interstate highways in
A)California.
B)Maryland and New Jersey.
C)Florida.
D)West Virginia.
E)Illinois.
Q2) More women than men believe that the police treat all races fairly.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A number of police officers concede that other officers sometimes use excessive force.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Write a general explanation of the problem of language as a barrier to multicultural policing.
Q5) Hispanics are now the largest minority group in the country. A)True B)False
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Chapter 13: Police Corruption
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Sample Questions
Q1) Herman Goldstein said that corruption
A)"thrives best in poorly run organizations where lines of authority are vague and supervision is minimal."
B)"begins with the chief and works its way down."
C)"occurs mostly in medium-sized cities."
D)"occurs mostly in poorly educated police departments."
E)"occurs mostly in police departments that are too strict with rules and regulations."
Q2) Officers generally work alone with no direct supervision and the risk of being caught is often very low.This is known as
A)under the radar work.
B)beneath big brother police work.
C)low visibility work.
D)high temptation design.
Q3) There are two basic approaches to the control of corruption within an organization
A)community and political.
B)federal and state intervention.
C)peer and supervisory control measures.
D)internal and external.
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15
Chapter 14: Accountability of the Police
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are consent decrees, and what has been their impact on police departments?
Q2) What are the four goals of EI systems?
Q3) Police departments suffer numerous penalties for not being accredited.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the key elements of the COMPSTAT program discussed in this chapter?
Q5) The media contributes to police problems by
A)overemphasizing the heroism of policing.
B)providing too much coverage of routine police activities.
C)emphasizing sensational stories, especially police misconduct.
D)reporting on policing accurately and focusing on community relations.
Q6) Which of the following is an example of a blue-ribbon commission?
A)the American Civil Liberties Union
B)the Christopher Commission
C)the Justice Department
D)the Civil Protection Commission
Q7) What are some of the major issues with the internal affairs division?
Q8) Explain "the blue wall of silence."
Page 16
Q9) What are the differences and similarities between civilian review boards and police auditors?
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Page 17
Chapter 15: The Future of Policing in America
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Sample Questions
Q1) The type of analysis that provides statistical summaries and data to police managers is
A)strategic crime analysis.
B)tactical crime analysis.
C)administrative crime analysis.
D)offender specific analysis.
Q2) A battery-powered electromuscular device (EMD) that fires two metal prongs attached to a wire delivering approximately 26 watts of electricity at more than 50,000 volts is called a
A)TASER.
B)laser.
C)phaser.
D)ray gun.
E)lethal weapon.
Q3) The RMS of an organization is also known as a A)Rural Metro Security.
B)Refusal of Medical Screening Technology.
C)Record Management System.
D)Record of Minor Screening.
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Page 18