Introduction to International Relations Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to International Relations explores the fundamental concepts, theories, and issues that shape relations among states and non-state actors on the global stage. Students will examine the historical development of the international system, the roles of power, diplomacy, international law, and organizations, and the impact of global challenges such as conflict, cooperation, globalization, and human rights. By analyzing major schools of thought and applying them to current events, this course provides a foundational understanding of how international affairs influence and are influenced by political, economic, and cultural forces worldwide.
Recommended Textbook Essentials of International Relations 8th Edition by Karen A. Mingst
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Approaches to International Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) When studying international relations,constructivists
A) criticize the use of discourse analysis and multiple sets of data.
B) trace the impact of ideas and cultural factors on shaping identities.
C) exclude the influence of social and cultural factors.
D) use computer models and simulations.
Answer: B
Q2) Theorists who use alternative methods to study international relations contend that A) it is important to study social and cultural factors.
B) properly conducted research can produce a single unified theory of international relations.
C) social forces with clearly fixed meanings inform all political processes.
D) state behavior can be measured if one uses the right statistical methods.
Answer: A
Q3) The goals of the United States in the Vietnam War and the 2003 Iraq War were the same,making the analogy between them an accurate one.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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3
Chapter 2: The Historical Context of Contemporary International Relations
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Q1) In Europe following the 1648 Treaties of Westphalia,in states in the west,such as England and France,________ ,while in states in the east,such as Prussia and Russia,________.
A) serfs remained on the land; infrastructure was improved to facilitate commerce
B) private enterprise was encouraged; great trading companies arose
C) serfs remained on the land; private enterprise was encouraged
D) private enterprise was encouraged; serfs remained on the land
Answer: D
Q2) Why is 1648,marked by the creation of the Treaties of Westphalia,a seminal year for scholars of international relations?
A) It marked a decrease of religious authority in Europe and the rise of secular authority in the form of sovereign states.
B) The Treaty of Westphalia failed and the Thirty Years' War began,ushering in the era of modern warfare.
C) It marked the rise of religious authority in the form of the Pope and the Catholic Church.
D) The Roman Empire fell that year,and Charlemagne rose to power.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: International Relations Theories
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Q1) Radicals such as John A.Hobson believe that capitalism necessarily leads to imperial expansion because
A) developed states seek new markets because of the underconsumption by the lower classes brought about by their low wages.
B) developing states want to export their goods and services to developed states.
C) developed states want to prevent developing countries from becoming new markets for their goods and services.
D) developed states need to address the issue of oversavings by the lower classes.
Answer: A
Q2) The radical perspective places emphasis on which of the following?
A) the balance of power in the international system
B) sovereignty
C) economics
D) normative structures
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Levels of Analysis
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Q1) Many liberals see the international system as a(n)________ rather than a(n)________,a view that sets them apart from realists.
A) international society; international institution
B) structure; interdependent and evolving system
C) international institution; international society
D) interdependent and evolving system; structure
Q2) Which of the following statements is true of the study of individuals in international relations?
A) Realists believe the individual is the most appropriate level of analysis.
B) Even individuals who are not state leaders can have a significant influence on war and peace.
C) The extent to which individuals matter is the same across all IR theories.
D) There is no empirical evidence that individual leaders and their personal characteristics make a difference in foreign policy.
Q3) For realists,the basic ordering principle of the international system is
A) anarchy.
B) interdependence.
C) cooperation.
D) international society.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: The State
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Q1) Which of the following is true of the realist view of diplomacy?
A) Realists believe that diplomacy is the most effective tool of statecraft.
B) Realists believe that diplomacy is likely to be ineffective without being backed by economic statecraft or force.
C) Realists believe that public diplomacy can be effective,but not track-two diplomacy.
D) Realists believe that diplomacy is effective only if coupled with deterrence.
Q2) Different states with different cultures have different styles of negotiating.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In a nation-state,
A) there is a congruence between state and nation.
B) the state encompasses many nations.
C) the nation occupies many states.
D) the country is composed of a number of smaller areas coordinated together by the central government.
Q4) What is the difference between compellence and deterrence? Which of these strategies that State A might use do you think is likely to be most effective in getting State B to behave according to State A's interests? Why or under what conditions?
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Page 7
Chapter 6: War and Security
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Q1) The role that the International Campaign to Ban Landmines played in shifting perceptions about the legitimacy of the use of landmines,which led to a treaty banning their use,would be highlighted by theorists from which perspective?
A) realism
B) liberalism
C) constructivism
D) collective security
Q2) Realists,liberals,and constructivists all highlight different reasons for the outbreak of war.Which of these perspectives' arguments do you find most convincing for explaining war in the post-Cold War era? Why? Answer the question citing real-world examples.
Q3) The requirement that there must be just cause for entering into a war is an example of
A) jus in bello.
B) jus ad bellum.
C) deterrence.
D) compellence.
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Chapter 7: International Cooperation and International Law
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Q1) Lengthening the "shadow of the future"
A) creates an expectation for states that they will have repeated interactions.
B) creates an expectation for states that they will not cooperate in the future.
C) is not likely when states share membership in institutions.
D) decreases the potential for cooperation.
Q2) There are both vertical and horizontal mechanisms that work to enforce international law.Which of these mechanisms do you think is most effective,and why? In answering this question,be sure to describe the various characteristics of each mechanism and back up your evaluation of them with real-world examples.
Q3) A body of rules and norms regulating interactions among states is known as
A) international interdependence.
B) the international constitution.
C) international order.
D) international law.
Q4) Which of the following problems do realists think makes cooperation difficult?
A) states' lack of shared identities
B) states' concern with relative gains
C) states' long shadow of the future
D) reciprocity
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Chapter 8: International Political Economy
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Q1) Which of the following is true of the beliefs of economic liberalism,as exemplified by the writings of Adam Smith?
A) Governments should encourage exports over imports.
B) Markets should be kept free from government interference.
C) Markets are not efficient.
D) High prices will result from market competition.
Q2) Within the last decade we have had two major financial crises: the 2008-2009 global financial crisis and the 2009 Eurozone crisis.Describe how you think these crises illustrate how international finance and international trade can impact states today.Given these effects,which economic theory-liberalism,mercantilism/statism,and radicalism-do you think best describes the international political economy today? And why?
Q3) If the value of a state's imports of goods and services exceeds the value of its exports of goods and services,this is referred to as that state having
A) a current account deficit.
B) a balance of payments surplus.
C) microeconomic policies in place.
D) nontariff barriers.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Intergovernmental Organizations and
Nongovernmental Organizations
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Q1) Which of the following is always true when states must share collective goods?
A) Conflict will result over who controls the collective good.
B) States can suffer negative consequences as a result of the actions of other states.
C) Market mechanisms will ensure that the collective good is preserved.
D) The collective good will be divided between the states.
Q2) The United Nations has played a key role in international relations both via traditional peacekeeping and complex peacekeeping.Compare and contrast these different types of peacekeeping missions.Which of these types of peacekeeping do you think is most relevant in the international system today,and why?
Q3) What is one example of how the structure of the EU has changed over time?
A) The European Commission has lost the ability to undertake infringement proceedings against member states.
B) The European Parliament has increased in power as it has gained greater legislative and supervisory roles.
C) The Council has moved away from a qualified majority voting system toward requirements for unanimity.
D) The European Court of Justice no longer serves as a court of appeals.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Human Rights
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Q1) Intentional systematic killing of a group based on race,religion,or ethnicity is called A) genocide.
B) a regime.
C) a negative externality.
D) deterrence.
Q2) Which of the following is true of the actions the United Nations has taken toward human rights protections?
A) The UN engages in active monitoring,but has not played a role in enforcement,because enforcement impinges on state sovereignty.
B) The UN has authorized the use of economic sanctions to enforce human rights,but not the use of force because force impinges on state sovereignty.
C) The UN has authorized the use of force to protect human rights,but only with the consent of the governments of the states where the abuses are occurring.
D) The UN has authorized the use of force to protect human rights in states without the consent of the governments concerned.
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12
Chapter 11: Human Security: Migration, Global Health, and the Environment
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Q1) Economic and environmental issues are clearly intertwined.Discuss why these issues are so closely connected to each other,and how this creates problems for politicians trying to negotiate international agreements to address environmental issues-both in the developed and developing world.
Q2) Why was the manufacturing of generic antiretroviral pharmaceuticals by Brazilian and Indian drug companies to deal with the HIV/AIDS epidemic controversial?
A) Brazil and India did not share the drugs with other countries.
B) They circumvented the World Health Organization in order to do so.
C) By doing so,they prevented NGOs from becoming involved in aiding the treatment.
D) It violated the World Trade Organization's intellectual property protection rules regarding patent restrictions.
Q3) The expanded idea of security that argues that people's security must be stressed in addition to national security is known as
A) demographic transition.
B) human security.
C) non-refoulement.
D) transnationalism.
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