Introduction to Human Services Practice
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Course Introduction
Introduction to Human Services provides students with an overview of the human services field, exploring the historical development, core values, and foundational theories that guide professionals working to meet individual and community needs. The course examines the roles, responsibilities, and skills necessary for effective practice in various settings such as social work, counseling, community advocacy, and health services. Students will learn about key issues facing individuals and families, ethical considerations, and the importance of cultural competence. Emphasis is placed on understanding service delivery systems and career opportunities, preparing students to engage with diverse populations and address real-world challenges within human services.
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The Life Span Human Development for Helping Professionals 4th Edition by Patricia C. Broderick
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Chapter 1: Organizing Themes in Developme
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Q1) Guidelines for the application of developmental research in helping professions include
A)keeping abreast of issues in the field and taking a multidimensional view of the influences on an individual.
B)always assessing the developmental stage of each client.
C)giving developmental theories an equal weight with your personal opinions.
D)recognizing that developmental stage limits therapeutic progress.
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Answer: A
Q2) Human development involves changes in size,efficiency,and capacity that can be described as ____________change,and shifts in forms of thought and behavior that can be described as ______________ changes.
A)quantitative / qualitative
B)qualitative / bidirectional
C)growth / incremental
D)qualitative / quantitative
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Epigenesis and the Brain: the Fundamentals of Behavioral Development
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Q1) Based on your knowledge of prenatal development,which of the following sequences would you expect to be correct?
A)The heart begins to form before the hands.
B)The hands begin to form before the heart.
C)The legs begin to form before the head.
D)The feet begin to form before the lungs.
Answer: A
Q2) Symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome FAS)include A)addiction to alcohol.
B)blindness and shortened limbs.
C)flipper arms.
D)widely spaced eyes and flattened nose.
Answer: D
Q3) The available data indicate that chronic maternal stress during pregnancy has which of the following effects on the fetus?
A)No effects
B)Arouses the fetus's own stress response temporarily,but has no lasting effects
C)Is related to newborn hyperactivity and irritability
D)Causes long term psychopathology
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Cognitive Development in the Early
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Q1) Research using habituation and preferential response paradigms has provided us with much of what we know about the infant's perceptual abilities.The habituation paradigm takes advantage of A)baby's ability to form habits
B)the absence of an orientation response in infants
C)baby's ability to report their own reactions
D)baby's tendency to orient to new stimulation
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following statements does not reflect contemporary critiques of Piagetian theory that have experimental support?
A)Progress in intellectual development is often domain-specific.
B)Preschoolers may be capable of more advanced cognitive tasks than Piaget had specified.
C)Infants may have a rudimentary understanding of object permanence earlier in infancy than Piaget suspected.
D)Infants frequently have the ability to mentally represent objects at birth.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Emotional Development in the Early Years
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Q1) Counselors who work with young children to enhance their mental health should take an active role in
A)providing support and information for parents.
B)creating therapeutic experiences for the child that teach self-monitoring.
C)providing the child with group exposure to other children of the same age.
D)becoming an attachment figure for the young child.
Chapter 4 Essay Questions
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Q2) The term rhythmicity,in regard to infants,refers to
A)their ability to coordinate their actions,like looking and smiling,with those of a caregiver.
B)their tendency to sway in synchrony with music.
C)the production of cooing sounds in synchrony with music.
D)their biological regularity,as in how regularly they sleep or eat.
Q3) If attachment quality can change over time as caretaking quality changes,explain the significance of infant's attachments to their caregivers.,
Q4) Discuss at least three reasons why attachment theory and research has special significance for helping professionals.,
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Chapter 5: The Emerging Self and Socialization in the Early Years
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Q1) The term ____________ refers to the description of a person's attributes,whereas the term ____________ refers to how a person feels about those attributes.
A)self-esteem / self-efficacy
B)self-concept / self-system
C)self-efficacy / self-esteem
D)self-concept / self-esteem
Q2) Negative reinforcement is best described as
A)a punishment that serves to reduce a problematic behavior.
B)when some unpleasant stimulus is avoided or removed,strengthening the behavior that allows escape from the unpleasantness.
C)a negative consequence that follows a behavior.
D)a consequence that reinforces negative behavior.
Q3) According to Crittendon's model,infants who have anxious-ambivalent attachments have experienced which pattern of learning or conditioning?
A)Predictable punishment for displays of affect.
B)Unpredictable reinforcement for expressions of need.
C)Negative reinforcement for expressions of positive emotion
D)Predictable reinforcement for displays of positive emotion.
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Chapter 6: Realms of Cognition in Middle Childhood
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Q1) When Sammy had to learn the names of all the planets,as well as their relative sizes,he made up sentences to help him remember.For example,"Eartha ate the Mars candy bar" helped him remember that Earth is larger than Mars.Sammy was using a memory
A)selective attention.
B)rehearsal.
C)organization.
D)elaboration.
Q2) Imagine that you are working with a 10-year-old who is having trouble making friends.His parents and teachers indicate that the boy is "generous to a fault," often giving up what he wants in order to please others.Based on Selman's ideas about friendship development,explain whether this child is more or less mature than the boys who bully him,and describe an approach to helping the boy with his friendship skills.,
Q3) Friendship,according to Selman,requires balancing
A)intimacy and autonomy.
B)conflict and harmony.
C)transforming and maintaining.
D)bullying and giving in.
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Chapter 7: Self and Moral Development: Middle Childhood
Through Early Adolescence
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Q1) Schulman 2002)defines morality as composed of three interlocking systems,including
A)sympathy,moral reasoning,and identification with authority.
B)empathy,identification with moral others,and standards of right and wrong.
C)rational competence,emotional competence,and identification with authority.
D)moral feeling,moral reasoning,and moral action.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true with respect to moral development?
A)Children's reasoning about moral issues does not progress in stages.
B)Children's ability to reason about moral dilemmas in conventional ways is common among children in late preschool years.
C)Many adults reach the point where they reason about moral issues using universal ethical standards.
D)Children's moral behavior is always coordinated with their level of moral reasoning.
Q3) Develop a case study that reflects the development of an aggressive disorder.,
Q4) Write a response to a parent who believes that constantly comparing a child to other,perhaps more accomplished or talented,children is a good way to motivate that child to achieve more and become stronger.,
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Chapter 8: Gender and Peer Relationships: Middle
Childhood Through Early Adolescence
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Q1) Recent research indicates that children who spend more time in same-gender groups show greater increases in gender-related behaviors over time than children who spend less time in same-gender groups.This process is referred to as the
A)social competence process.
B)degrouping effect.
C)social impact process.
D)social dosage effect.
Q2) When elementary school children are free to choose whomever they wish to play with,the most consistent finding is that they will choose
A)same sex playmates.
B)opposite sex playmates.
C)either same sex or opposite sex playmates equally often.
D)whatever playmates they believe their teachers or parents wish for them to play with.
Q3) Counselors need to recognize that girls' antisocial behavior in late childhood
A)is likely to include non-confrontational relational aggressive behaviors.
B)has not been linked to later anxiety and depression.
C)is unlikely to have long-term negative consequences.
D)are a result of particular challenges faced by girls.
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Chapter 9: Physical,cognitive,and Identity Developments in Adolescence
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Q1) Tessa,a counselor who works with teenagers,meets with Olivia,who attempted suicide after her boyfriend broke up with her.Olivia says she feels that there is no choice but for her to end her life.Ronnie believes that she is destined to die young.This will make her boyfriend mourn for her forever.How would Elkind describe Olivia's view of the world?
A)As a personal audience.
B)As a personal fable.
C)As an imaginary audience.
D)As an invincibility fable.
Q2) Which of the following is true of American teenagers' knowledge of HIV/AIDS?
A)The majority are well-informed and understand the risks of unprotected sex.
B)Only a minority are well-informed and understand the risks of unprotected sex.
C)Most believe that oral and anal sex are risk factors,but may not understand that vaginal intercourse is also a risk.
D)The majority have a realistic view of the risks they take.
Q3) What are the characteristics of formal operations and how does this kind of thinking differ from concrete operational thinking? ,
Q4) Give three examples of adolescent egocentrism that might be apparent in a counseling situation with an adolescent.,
Page 11
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Chapter 10: The Social World of Adolescence
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Q1) Counselors need to be aware of social and cultural trends in adolescent behavior.For example,surveys of 8<sup>th</sup> to 12<sup>th</sup> graders in 2009-2011 showed that
A)teens' use of alcohol increased slightly.
B)teens' awareness of the risks of alcohol use has increased dramatically.
C)teens' use of alcohol has decreased dramatically.
D)alcohol and tobacco use by teens have both decreased.
Q2) Many large scale interventions have been designed to reduce problem behaviors in adolescence such as drinking,drug use,smoking,etc.)or to increase positive behaviors.Discuss some of the typical characteristics of the least effective and the most effective of these programs to date,based on available research.Use examples where possible.,
Q3) Sabrina and Bethany are both members of the same crowd in high school,which means that
A)They spend a great deal of time together.
B)They are best friends.
C)They share interests,attitudes,behaviors,and appearance characteristics.
D)They will not be able to make friends outside of their own crowd.
Q4) Describe and explain three main reasons that adolescents engage in reckless behavior.Be sure to define your terms.,
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Developments in Young
Adults
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Q1) Globalization has begun to affect the young adult period in developing nations by
A)increasing the length of time individuals spend in self-exploration before taking on adult responsibilities.
B)decreasing the number of families who can education their children.
C)limiting the occupational and lifestyle options available.
D)decreasing young adults' exposure to a diversity of beliefs and values.
Q2) List three pitfalls counselors need to avoid in their decision-making.Give examples of each.,
Q3) Despite the disagreements among theorists about the existence of a fifth stage of cognitive development,nearly all agree that
A)solving real-life problems is easier if a person uses formal operational thinking skills.
B)thinking about adult real-life problems tends to become increasingly relativistic.
C)as people enter adulthood,they apply concrete operational skills to the concrete problems of daily life.
D)memory ability declines as people enter the fifth stage.
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Chapter 12: Socioemotional and Vocational Developments in Young Adulthood
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Q1) Karina,a college student,has a strong mastery orientation.We can expect that Karina therefore holds which of the following theories of intelligence?
A)Entity theory.
B)Generativity theory.
C)Information processing theory.
D)Incremental theory.
Q2) Explain Erikson's concept of generativity.Which aspects of generativity seem to emerge in early adulthood and which aspects emerge in middle adulthood? What evidence is there for this developmental change? Page 438)
Q3) Attachment theory,originally formulated to explain infant-caregiver relationships,has been applied to understanding adult-adult relationships.Outline three ways in which this application can be useful to helping professionals.,
Q4) Among the important differences between adult-adult attachments and child-adult attachments is the
A)greater degree of symmetry in adult-adult attachments.
B)greater reliance on physical presence in adult-adult attachments.
C)greater tolerance for separation in child-adult attachments.
D)greater reliance on "felt-security" in chid-adult attachments.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Middle Adulthood: Cognitive, personality, and Social Development
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Q1) Fluid intelligence is to ____________ as crystallized intelligence is to ____________.
A)working memory / metacognition.
B)pragmatics / mechanics.
C)metacognition / working memory.
D)mechanics / pragmatics.
Q2) Geraldo and Rose have been dating since high school.Rose has spoken to Geraldo about getting engaged,but Geraldo is hesitant.He feels close to Rose and shares his feelings and concerns with her,but he no longer feels very sexually attracted to her.He says he feels more like a brother to Rose than a lover.According to Steinberg,what type of love does Geraldo feel for Rose?
A)Infatuation.
B)Companionate.
C)Nonlove.
D)Liking.
Q3) Describe the factors that promote stability in adult life and those that promote change.,
Q4) Compare and contrast Erikson's view of midlife with that of Vaillant.,
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Living Well: Stress, coping, and Life Satisfaction in Adulthood
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Q1) Paula is a client who demonstrates highly anxious tendencies.She broods over perceived mistakes,worries about how others view her,and feels that she never meets her own high expectations in ways that satisfy her.Her counselor can conclude that Paula probably also has which of these other characteristics?
A)Low levels of sensitivity to interpersonal conflict.
B)Tolerance for stressful events but not chronic stress.
C)High levels of sensitivity to stress.
D)Poor attachment quality.
Q2) Which of the following tends to assure that work experiences will be linked to positive well-being?
A)Feeling that one is making competent progress toward challenging goals.
B)Feeling less generative.
C)Workplace characteristics that remove personal control.
D)Having few workplace relationships.
Q3) One thing that both Eastern and Western religions share is that they promote A)a belief in reincarnation.
B)the regulation of negative or destructive emotions.
C)the cultivation of strong positive emotions.
D)the practice of elaborate public rituals.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Gains and Losses in Late Adulthood
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Q1) When counseling the elderly,success depends on being flexible and making accommodations that meet their special needs.Discuss three ways in which flexibility may be necessary and why.,
Q2) Which of the following describes a typical stage progression in retirement,according to Atchley?
A)Honeymoon,stability,reorientation,disenchantment,termination.
B)Honeymoon,disenchantment,reorientation,stability,termination.
C)Disenchantment,honeymoon,stability,termination,reorientation.
D)There is no typical sequence for the stages of retirement.
Q3) In end-of-life-care,the "double effect" refers to
A)counseling care provided for both the dying individual and caregivers.
B)injection of a medication by someone other than the dying individual to cause immediate death.
C)medication that is given to relieve pain even when this may also result in death.
D)a patient's written statement indicating his wishes for end-of-life care.
Q4) What is a dual-process model of the grief process? Explain why the available research indicates that a complex model of this sort is needed.Page 588)
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