Introduction to Human Diseases
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Course Introduction
Introduction to Human Diseases explores the fundamental concepts of pathology, examining the causes, development, and effects of diseases on the human body. This course covers a range of common illnesses affecting major organ systems, introduces basic medical terminology, and discusses the interplay between genetics, environment, and lifestyle in disease incidence and progression. Students will gain an understanding of diagnostic procedures, disease prevention, and treatment options, preparing them for further study in health sciences and enhancing their awareness of prevalent health issues in society.
Recommended Textbook
Diseases of the Human Body 5th Edition by
Carol D. Tamparo
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17 Chapters
956 Verified Questions
956 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Disease Process
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Sample Questions
Q1) A predisposing factor:
A) May make a person more susceptible to disease.
B) Might be age, sex, heredity, or environment.
C) Includes lifestyle.
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Q2) Environmental hazards that may have an effect on health might include:
A) Pollutants such as car exhaust and loud noise.
B) Geographical location.
C) Heavy computer use.
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Q3) A person with hemophilia bleeds longer following any kind of injury because the blood does not clot normally.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Integrative Medicine and Complementary Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Integrative medicine
A)System-based approach to health care
B)Stresses prevention and the use of nontoxic, natural therapies
C)Herbs are used to assist in the healing process
D)Stresses five elements of fire, earth, metal, water, and wood
E)Promotes a strong interrelatedness between emotions, stress, and the body's reaction through the immune system
F)A blending of both conventional and nonconventional therapies
G)Miniscule amounts of certain substances leave an "energy imprint" in the body, stimulating the immune system
H)8000-year-old system where humans are classified into one of three body types
Answer: F
Q2) External environmental factors influencing personal health and well-being include:
A) Genetic traits and physical characteristics.
B) Air and food.
C) Familial tendencies.
D) Both B and C
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Pain and Its Managament
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Sample Questions
Q1) Opioids are:
A) Analgesics.
B) Not generally used for pain.
C) Best taken via injection.
D) Nonaddictive.
Answer: A
Q2) Breakthrough pain
A)Blood supply to the heart muscle is disrupted
B)Experienced by individuals with psychological disorders
C)Chronic pain recurs which earlier responded to pain management
D)Separate individuals from feeling pain
E)Comes from a nervous system lesion
F)Pain from cancer or cancer treatment
G)Comes from damage to tissue
H)Pain from damage to muscles, tendons, ligaments
I)Pain felt from an amputated body part
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Infectious and Communicable Diseases
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Sample Questions
Q1) A viral respiratory infection that may be prevented by immunization is:
A) The common cold.
B) Type A and type B influenza.
C) Chronic fatigue syndrome.
D) SARS.
Q2) A highly contagious disease with a distinctive rash that passes through stages of macules, papules, vesicles, and crusts is called:
A) Influenza.
B) Tetanus.
C) Pertussis.
D) Varicella.
Q3) Which of the following are among the many factors responsible for the surge in new infectious and communicable diseases?
A) Microbial adaptation and change
B) Climate and weather
C) Changing ecosystems
D) All of the above
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Chapter 5: Cancer
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sarcomas are more common than carcinomas.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The term "neoplasm" is used interchangeably with:
A) Carcinogen.
B) Sarcoma.
C) Tumor.
D) Encapsulation.
Q3) A neoplasm that arises from the body's blood-forming tissues within the bone marrow is:
A) Leukemia.
B) Lymphoma.
C) Sarcoma.
D) None of the above
Q4) Solid tumors of epithelial tissue of external and internal body surfaces are:
A) Sarcomas.
B) Osteomas.
C) Leukemias.
D) Carcinomas.
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Chapter 6: Congenital Diseases and Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most common congenital abnormalities affect the cardiovascular system.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Hirschsprung disease signs and symptoms include:
A) Diarrhea and projectile vomiting.
B) Severe abdominal distension and feeding difficulties.
C) High red blood cell counts and hemoglobin.
D) High body fat and adipose tissue.
Q3) When the intestine does not turn properly, becomes twisted, and blocks blood flow, the condition is called:
A) Abdominal atresia.
B) Intestinal malrotation.
C) Malrotation and volvulus.
D) Abdominal atresia with volvulus.
Q4) Hydrocephalus:
A) Refers to too little cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain.
B) May be classified as communicating or noncommunicating.
C) May be surgically treated with a shunt placed to drain excess fluid into venous circulation.
D) Both B and C
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Mental Health Diseases and Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mutism
A)Increased substance use to achieve previous effects
B)Chemical messenger in the brain
C)Not speaking
D)Parrot-like repetition
E)Inability to speak owing to dementia
F)False belief held in the face of strong contradictory evidence
G)Inability to act appropriately in acute episodes of mental illness
H)Perceiving something that is not there or someone who is not there
I)Decreased motivation
J)Insertion of one part into another
Q2) Anxiety disorders are:
A) A very common mental health problem affecting about 40 million adults in America.
B) Classified into three different types.
C) Not easily treated.
D) Seldom responsive to cognitive-behavioral therapy.
Q3) Depression is more difficult to treat in middle-aged men and women.
A)True
B)False
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Skin Diseases and Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rosacea appears in three phases. Among them are:
A) Vascular rosacea.
B) Hemolytic rosacea.
C) Dermal rosacea.
D) Osteolytic rosacea.
Q2) Raynaud phenomenon
A)Discoloration of fingers or toes after exposure to changes in temperature
B)Small raised areas of skin filled with pus
C)Nose becomes enlarged and misshapen
D)An acute, pus-causing, inflammatory skin disease
E)Skin that is chaffed or roughened
F)Pigment that gives skin its color
G)Blackheads
H)Fibrous protein that gives skin its flexibility
I)Solid elevation less than 1 cm
J)Agents to cleanse or peel the skin
Q3) Eczema is a form of scleroderma.
A)True
B)False
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Musculoskeletal System Diseases and Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is usually the cause of a herniated intervertebral disk?
A) Insufficient bodily stores of vitamin D
B) Inadequate calcium intake
C) Malabsorption of nutrients
D) Spinal trauma from a fall or heavy lifting
Q2) Diagnostic procedures for osteomyelitis include:
A) Blood cultures.
B) Cultures from the site of injury.
C) Bone scan of infected area.
D) All of the above
Q3) A complementary therapy for rheumatoid arthritis is 8 to 10 hours of sleep every night.
A)True B)False
Q4) The skeleton provides physical support and protection for the organs.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Physical therapy will cure osteoarthritis.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Nervous System Diseases and Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) CVA is:
A) Sudden impairment of consciousness and subsequent paralysis.
B) Also called a brain attack.
C) Caused by embolus, thrombus, or hemorrhage.
D) All of the above
Q2) A chronic brain disorder characterized by recurring attacks of abnormal sensory, motor, and psychological activity is called:
A) Encephalitis.
B) Epilepsy.
C) Meningitis.
D) Brain abscess.
Q3) The cell body of each neuron contains:
A) Neurocytes.
B) Ribosomes.
C) Neurophysin.
D) Both B and C
Q4) RLS is a neurological disorder in which there is an uncontrollable urge to move the legs.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Endocrine System Diseases and Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hashimoto thyroiditis is also known as immune thyroiditis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Addison disease is when the adrenal glands produce insufficient amounts of cortisol and androgen.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of:
A) Peptic ulcers.
B) Impotence in men.
C) Blindness.
D) Hypocalcemia.
Q4) Hypothyroidism appearing as a congenital condition is called:
A) Hypercalcemia.
B) Myxedema.
C) Cushing syndrome.
D) Cretinism.
Q5) Hormones work slowly to regulate the body's physiological functions.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Cardiovascular System Diseases and Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Diastole is the contraction phase of the heart.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Megaloblasts are found in:
A) Iron deficiency anemia.
B) Pernicious anemia.
C) Folic acid deficiency anemia.
D) Aplastic anemia.
Q3) A type of anemia characterized by the appearance of large-sized, abnormal red blood cells as a result of inadequate levels of vitamin B<sub>12</sub> is called:
A) Folic acid deficiency anemia.
B) Pernicious anemia.
C) Sickle cell anemia.
D) Iron deficiency anemia.
Q4) In women, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and shortness of breath could indicate:
A) Hypertension.
B) Atherosclerosis.
C) Myocardial infarction.
D) Congestive heart failure.
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Chapter 13: Respiratory System Diseases and Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Inflammation of the respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli of the lungs is:
A) Pulmonary TB.
B) Pleurisy.
C) Asthma.
D) Pneumonia.
Q2) Excess of fluid between parietal and visceral membranes enveloping the lungs is:
A) Pneumonia.
B) Pleural effusion.
C) Pleurisy.
D) Pulmonary TB.
Q3) Common symptoms of croup include:
A) Hoarseness, fever, and distinctive hard cough.
B) Earache.
C) Sore throat and headache.
D) Both A and B
Q4) The hallmark symptom of acute pharyngitis is sore throat.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Digestive System Diseases and Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cholelithiasis:
A) Is the formation of kidney stones.
B) Is uncommon in the United States.
C) Is an obstruction of the bile duct.
D) None of the above
Q2) Cachexia
A)Formation of numerous small masses on a mucous membrane surface of the digestive tract
B)Abnormally dilated and twisted veins or arteries
C)Vomiting blood
D)Yellowish discoloration of the skin
E)A marked weakness of the body
F)Minute quantities of blood in feces which are detectable by chemical testing
G)Abnormal tubelike passage
H)Common cold
I)Bright red, bloody stools
J)Accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
Q3) Increasing fiber in a diet helps a person with irritable bowel syndrome.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Urinary System Diseases and Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) In any cancer of the urinary system, treatment protocol is determined by the stage and spread of the cancer.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Incontinence is the:
A) Inability of the kidneys to produce urine.
B) Common symptom of neurogenic bladder.
C) Inability to control urination.
D) Both B and C
Q3) Renal calculi are:
A) An uncommon cause of urinary obstruction.
B) Also called uroliths or kidney stones.
C) Often caused by hypoparathyroidism.
D) Caused by an insufficient amount of vitamin D intake.
Q4) The urinary system is responsible for filtering the blood and eliminating the wastes from the body.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Reproductive System Diseases and Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Orchidectomy
A)Containing pus
B)Process of two successive cell divisions
C)Benign cystic tumors
D)Red, ulcerated, painless lesion found in primary syphilis
E)Creation of new sperm
F)Surgical removal of a testis
G)In pregnancy, the thinning of the cervix
H)X-ray to visualize the uterus and fallopian tubes
I)Tube, in which sperm mature, that is coiled on the posterior surface of a testis
J)Most common of the STDs
Q2) Ectopic pregnancy occurs when the fertilized ovum implants and grows in the uterine cavity.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In 10% of infertility cases, the cause is unknown.
A)True
B)False
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18
Chapter 17: Eye and Ear Diseases and Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) A corneal abrasion is usually diagnosed by:
A) Physical examination.
B) Rinne test.
C) Fluorescein stain.
D) Culture.
Q2) Seeing cobwebs and floating spots may indicate retinal detachment.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Photophobia
A)Surgical repair of the middle ear
B)Pus-filled fluid
C)Uses an ultrasonic device that disintegrates cataracts
D)Instrument for measuring the pressure in an eye
E)Inner mucous membrane surface of the eyelids
F)Growths or spots on the retina
G)Intense, unusual intolerance of light
H)Double vision
I)Yellow disc on the retina directly behind the lens
J)Thin, watery fluid
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