Introduction to Human Development Review
Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Human Development provides a comprehensive overview of the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social growth that occurs throughout the human lifespan. The course explores major theories, research findings, and milestones from conception to late adulthood, highlighting the interplay between biological, psychological, and environmental factors. Students will examine developmental changes and challenges at each stage of life, consider the impact of culture and context, and analyze how individual differences shape the developmental process. This course lays the groundwork for further study in psychology, education, and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Exploring Lifespan Development 4th Edition by Laura
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19 Chapters
2178 Verified Questions
2178 Flashcards
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Page 2
E. Berk
Chapter 1: History, Theory, and Research Strategies
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Central to Piaget's theory is the concept of __________.
A) imitation
B) adaptation
C) self-efficacy
D) scaffolding
Answer: B
Q2) A major strength of the longitudinal design is that researchers can __________.
A) examine relationships between early and later behaviors
B) collect a large amount of data in a short time span
C) explore similarities among children of different cohorts
D) study participants differing in age at the same point in time
Answer: A
Q3) The discontinuous view of development holds that __________.
A) infants and preschoolers respond to the world in much the same way adults do
B) growth is the process of gradually augmenting the skills that were present from the beginning
C) infants and children have unique ways of thinking, feeling, and behaving
D) development is a smooth process limited only by a lack of information and precision
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In dominant-recessive inheritance, the one allele that affects the child's characteristics is called __________.
A) dominant-recessive
B) dominant
C) recessive
D) a carrier
Answer: B
Q2) Environmental modification of gene expression __________.
A) may be possible in the future
B) cannot occur until after puberty
C) can occur at any age, even prenatally
D) happens in other mammals, but not humans
Answer: C
Q3) Emma, an intellectually curious child, is a familiar patron at her local library. This is an example of __________.
A) passive correlation
B) niche-picking
C) evocative correlation
D) methylation
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn Baby
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Regarding a baby's adaptation to labor and delivery, stress hormones
A) endanger the newborn
B) arouse the infant into alertness
C) cause the cervix to thin and the uterine wall to contract
D) temporarily reduce the infant's oxygen supply
Answer: B
Q2) Which statement about epidural analgesia is true?
A) It prevents the mother from being able to move her trunk and legs.
B) It allows the mother to feel the pressure of the contractions.
C) It strengthens uterine contractions.
D) It prevents the mother from being able to push during the second stage of labor.
Answer: B
Q3) Jalynn is in the last half of the first month of her pregnancy. Which of the following is developing the fastest?
A) circulatory system
B) endocrine system
C) nervous system
D) skin
Answer: C
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In operant conditioning, __________.
A) a neutral stimulus is paired with a conditioned stimulus that leads to a reflexive response
B) babies build expectations about stimulus events, but do not influence the stimuli that occur
C) infants act, and stimuli that follow their behavior change the probability that the behavior will occur again
D) once a baby's nervous system makes the connection between two stimuli, the neutral stimulus produces the behavior
Q2) A baby's ability to manipulate objects greatly expands with the development of __________, which involves use of the thumb and index finger opposably.
A) the pincer grasp
B) the grasp reflex
C) the ulnar grasp
D) prereaching
Q3) Explain intermodal perception and its importance to perceptual development.
Q4) Discuss the two growth patterns that describe the changes in body proportions as a child grows.
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Alice calls untying her shoelaces "opening" her shoes. This is an example of
A) overextension
B) infant-directed speech
C) underextension
D) referential style
Q2) In Piaget's Substage __________, 8- to 12-month-olds can engage in intentional, or goal-directed, behavior.
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
Q3) Six-month-old baby Greer says "bababababa." This is an example of __________.
A) babbling
B) cooing
C) an overextension
D) an underextension
Q4) Describe the signs of developmentally appropriate infant and toddler child care.
Q5) Describe the social-interactionist view of language development.
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Chapter 6: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In all societies studied, the most common attachment quality is the __________ pattern.
A) insecure avoidant
B) insecure resistant
C) disorganized/disoriented
D) secure
Q2) In Thomas and Chess's New York Longitudinal Study, 35 percent of the children
__________.
A) were classified as easy children
B) did not fit any of the categories
C) were classified as slow-to-warm-up children
D) were classified as difficult children
Q3) In the Strange Situation, Bernadette uses her mother as a secure base. When separated, Bernadette does not cry, but when her mother returns, Bernadette smiles and quickly crawls to her. Bernadette is demonstrating __________ attachment.
A) secure
B) slow-to-warm-up
C) easy
D) resistant
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Vygotksy, children's learning takes place __________.
A) within the zone of proximal development
B) primarily through acting on the environment
C) through reinforcement and punishment
D) through independent activity
Q2) Which statement is supported by research on child care?
A) The effects of substandard child care typically "wash out" once the child starts elementary school.
B) Preschoolers exposed to substandard care score higher in social skills than their no-preschool agemates.
C) Regardless of quality, exposure to child care leads to insecure attachment and poor school readiness.
D) Good child care enhances cognitive, language, and social development, especially for low-SES children.
Q3) For most children, the left cerebral hemisphere __________.
A) is especially active between 3 and 6 years and then levels off
B) shows slow activity throughout early and middle childhood
C) shows a slight growth spurt between ages 8 and 10
D) peaks between 1 and 3 years and decreases slowly throughout early childhood
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23866
Sample Questions
Q1) Because child maltreatment is embedded in families, communities, and society as a whole, __________.
A) efforts to prevent it must be directed at each of these levels
B) it is almost impossible to prevent
C) prevention efforts are not cost-effective
D) providing social supports to families is ineffective
Q2) Which child is the most likely to become a target of child maltreatment?
A) Jonathan, a tall toddler
B) Sabrina, a social infant
C) Sebastian, an attentive preschooler
D) Faye, a premature baby
Q3) Three-year-old Rayna says, "I Rayna. I a girl. I run fast. I like yellow." Rayna is beginning to develop __________.
A) a moral self
B) self-regulation
C) emotional competence
D) a self-concept
Q4) Describe some of the undesirable consequences of frequent punishment.
Q5) Discuss some ways to reduce gender stereotyping in young children.
Q6) Discuss factors within the family that heighten the risk of child maltreatment. Page 10
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Mr. Alvarado's classroom, small groups of students work toward common goals by considering one another's ideas, appropriately challenging one another, and resolving differences of opinion on the basis of reasons and evidence. Mr. Alvarado __________.
A) uses cooperative learning
B) has a traditional classroom
C) is the sole authority for knowledge in the classroom
D) emphasizes teacher-directed learning
Q2) Quinn knows that she should group items when memorizing lists, but she does not always do so. Quinn is not yet good at __________.
A) metacognition
B) selective attention
C) cognitive self-regulation
D) flexibility of attention
Q3) During the elementary school years, __________.
A) children develop language awareness
B) vocabulary building slows to about 5 new words each day
C) children learn fewer words per day than in early childhood
D) grammar and pragmatics are fully developed
Q4) Discuss the consequences of childhood obesity.
Page 12
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Chapter 10: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most cases of school refusal appear around age __________.
A) 5 to 7
B) 8 to 10
C) 11 to 13
D) 14 to 16
Q2) Harrison is a popular-antisocial child. Which description contains the characteristics he is likely to display?
A) He performs well in school and communicates with peers in friendly and cooperative ways.
B) He is athletically skilled but is a poor student who causes trouble and defies adult authority.
C) He displays a wide range of negative social behaviors and is overwhelmed by social anxiety.
D) He engages in low rates of interaction but does not report feeling unhappy about his social life.
Q3) Define problem-centered coping and emotion-centered coping. How do school-age children use these strategies?
Q4) What factors foster resilience in middle childhood?
Page 13
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In an Israeli study of seventh to ninth graders, after controlling for participants' age, researchers found that __________ fully accounted for early adolescent gains in propositional thought.
A) pubertal timing
B) real-world knowledge
C) their own beliefs
D) years of schooling
Q2) Sexual attitudes in North America are __________.
A) very restrictive
B) relatively restrictive
C) relatively open
D) very open
Q3) Virtually all __________ know about __________ ahead of time, but many say that no one spoke to them before or during puberty about physical changes.
A) boys; ejaculation
B) girls; breast buds
C) boys; the timing of puberty
D) girls; the timing of puberty
Q4) What is the role of heredity in sexual orientation?
Page 14
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Chapter 12: Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23870
Sample Questions
Q1) According to one reexamination of Kohlberg's stages, __________.
A) "postconventional" morality is based on social conformity
B) people must reach Stages 5 and 6 to be considered truly morally mature
C) moral maturity can be found in a revised understanding of Stages 3 and 4
D) "postconventional" morality is attainable if you rely on your intuition
Q2) In diverse Western and non-Western cultures, parent child disputes over __________ increase during the teenage years.
A) social conventions
B) moral situations
C) personal affairs
D) cultural values
Q3) In cultures that place a high priority on interdependence, __________.
A) teenagers view autonomy as self-endorsed decision making
B) autonomy is not a central adolescent motive
C) teenagers equate autonomy with independent decision making
D) teenagers accept their parents' decisions because they feel pressured to comply
Q4) Describe how sibling interactions adapt to development at adolescence.
Q5) Describe Carol Gilligan's theory regarding the morality of girls and women. Are her claims supported by current research?
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In his third year of college, Omar comes to the realization that there are multiple possible truths, rather than one absolute truth, which are each relative to its context. Omar is engaged in __________.
A) relativistic thinking
B) dualistic thinking
C) pragmatic thought
D) commitment within relativistic thinking
Q2) Colleges that __________ have a higher percentage of dropouts.
A) have less selective admissions requirements
B) offer support services for high-risk students
C) generously fund student services
D) place students in developmental courses
Q3) Which athlete's skills will probably peak latest in life?
A) Gregor, a sprinter
B) Min, a tennis player
C) Rose, a long-distance runner
D) Han, a high-jumper
Q4) Describe the theory of biological aging that emphasizes the programmed effects of specific genes.
Page 16
Q5) Briefly describe the psychological impact of attending college.
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Chapter 14: Emotional and Social Development in Early
Adulthood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Erikson believed that successful resolution of intimacy versus isolation prepares the individual for the middle adulthood stage, which focuses on __________.
A) initiative
B) autonomy
C) generativity
D) industry
Q2) Ellyn and Jesus are a dual-earner couple. They would like to have a better balance between work and family. Which advice would best help them combine their work and family roles?
A) Ellyn should set the standard for child care and be the family child-rearing expert.
B) Both should critically evaluate the time they devote to work in view of their family values and priorities.
C) Ellyn should take on a greater share of household duties because she can do them more efficiently.
D) Both should understand that it is probably not possible to adjust work roles to meet family needs.
Q3) Describe the gender differences in same-sex adult friendships.
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Page 17
Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23873
Sample Questions
Q1) Which woman is likely to report fewer menopausal complaints?
A) Laura, an American woman
B) Esmée, a European woman
C) Nia, an African woman
D) Noriko, an Asian woman
Q2) Jackelyn is a low-SES, sedentary 47-year-old. She is more likely than a high-SES agemate to mention __________ as a barrier to exercise.
A) low self-efficacy
B) lack of motivation
C) unsafe neighborhoods
D) disinterest in sports
Q3) Malcolm is a 45-year-old man and Flora is a 45-year-old woman. Which statement is the most likely to be true?
A) Malcolm is less active than Flora.
B) Flora is experiencing a more rapid age-related decline in muscle mass than Malcolm.
C) Flora, but not Malcolm, is experiencing an increase in body fat and loss of lean body mass.
D) Malcolm, but not Flora, would benefit from weight-bearing exercise.
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Chapter 16: Emotional and Social Development in Middle
Adulthood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which caregiving grandparents are especially likely to be living in extreme poverty while caring for several grandchildren?
A) the Montagues, who are European American
B) the Bucks, who are African American
C) the Wynns, who are Native American
D) the Herreras, who are Hispanic
Q2) Whether or not they reside with parents, young-adult children who __________ can prompt parental strain.
A) have strong work orientations
B) are "off-time" in development
C) were born after the parents turned 35
D) seek both freedom and advice
Q3) Experiencing regrets is consistently associated with __________.
A) hardiness
B) greater life satisfaction
C) confidence, assertiveness, and autonomy
D) less favorable psychological well-being
Q4) Describe the four typically cited gratifications of grandparenthood. How do middle-aged adults rate their role as grandparents?
Page 19
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Approximately 5.2 million Americans have __________.
A) vascular dementia
B) Parkinson's disease
C) Alzheimer's disease
D) subcortical dementia
Q2) Mr. Torres had a series of strokes that left areas of dead brain cells, causing step-by-step degeneration of his mental ability. Mr. Torres is experiencing __________.
A) familial Alzheimer's disease
B) sporadic Alzheimer's disease
C) vascular dementia
D) Parkinson's disease
Q3) When Grace reached her 70s, she began having difficulty falling asleep, staying asleep, and sleeping deeply. During the day, Grace worried about having sleep trouble. One thing Grace could do to foster restful sleep is __________.
A) take frequent short naps during the day
B) use the bedroom only for sleep
C) take sleeping pills on a regular basis
D) cut back on exercise
Q4) Define and describe terminal decline.
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Chapter 18: Emotional and Social Development in Late
Adulthood
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Women's __________ may lead them to feel less need to remarry following the death of a spouse.
A) kinkeeper role
B) financial independence
C) elevated risk of mortality
D) gender-role expectations
Q2) Researchers ask 85-year-old Gerald to respond to the question, "Who am I?" Gerald is likely to express __________.
A) an inconsistent self-definition
B) no hoped-for selves
C) more positive than negative self-evaluations
D) the same possible selves he had at age 65
Q3) Compared with younger adults, older adults who divorce __________.
A) find it easier to separate their identity from that of their former spouse
B) suffer less from a sense of personal failure
C) seldom express regret over leaving an unhappy marriage
D) are less likely to spend their remaining years living alone
Q4) Describe THE GREEN HOUSE® model. How is it different from traditional nursing home care?
Q5) Discuss the concept of gerotranscendence.
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Chapter 19: Death, Dying, and Bereavement
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23877
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, what are the five typical ways a terminally ill person responds to the prospect of death and the ordeal of dying? Provide a description of each response.
Q2) Which statement is true about hospice care?
A) On-call services are usually available from 7 a.m. to 7 p.m., Monday through Friday.
B) Hospice programs do not typically provide palliative care.
C) Follow-up bereavement services are typically offered to families in the year after a death.
D) The patient is kept in a hospital-like setting where end-of-life medical intervention is likely.
Q3) When their mother was diagnosed with terminal cancer, the Johnson family chose to care for her at home using a comprehensive program of support services that provided an interdisciplinary care team. The team emphasized quality of life with palliative care. The Johnson family chose the __________ approach.
A) home health
B) hospice
C) home hospital
D) long-term care
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