Introduction to Human Development Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Human Development explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur throughout the human lifespan, from conception to old age. The course examines key theories and research findings that explain developmental processes, highlighting factors such as genetics, environment, culture, and individual experience. Students will gain insights into the milestones and challenges characteristic of each developmental stage, with an emphasis on how personal and societal contexts shape human growth and behavior.
Recommended Textbook Development Through the Lifespan 7th Edition by Laura
E. Berk
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19 Chapters
2482 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: History, theory, and Research Strategies
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Kostel believes that development takes place in stages.This belief is consistent with the __________ perspective.
A) nurture
B) continuous
C) discontinuous
D) nature
Answer: C
Q2) In his research study,Dr.Johnson gives participants false feedback about their performance.Consequently,Dr.Johnson should use __________ after the research session is over.
A) informed consent
B) a privacy statement
C) debriefing
D) a placebo
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations
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131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ help explain why identical twins,though precisely the same in DNA sequencing,sometimes display strikingly different phenotypes with age.
A) Heredity estimates
B) Passive correlations
C) Evocative correlations
D) Methylation levels
Answer: D
Q2) Parental post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)is __________.
A) a strong predictor of child PTSD
B) not correlated with child PTSD
C) unrelated to GR methylation
D) weakly associated with child PTSD
Answer: A
Q3) Donor insemination __________.
A) is commonly used to overcome female reproductive difficulties
B) involves giving a woman hormones that stimulate the ripening of several ova
C) permits women without a male partner to become pregnant
D) is used to treat women whose fallopian tubes are permanently damaged
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development, birth, and the Newborn Baby
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Small-for-date infants __________ than preterm infants.
A) catch fewer infections during the first year
B) are less likely to die during the first year
C) more often show evidence of brain damage
D) have higher intelligence tests by middle childhood
Answer: C
Q2) Tiffany is a small-for-date baby.This means she __________.
A) was born several weeks or more before her due date
B) was born below her expected weight considering length of the pregnancy
C) will probably have much less serious problems than a preterm infant
D) may have difficulties in infancy but will outgrow them by the preschool years
Answer: B
Q3) The placenta __________.
A) forms in the second trimester of pregnancy
B) encloses the developing organism in amniotic fluid
C) contains one large vein that delivers nutrients to the embryo
D) delivers food and oxygen to the developing organism
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the two growth patterns that describe the changes in body proportions as a child grows.
Q2) A general principle,called __________,explains early pattern preferences.
A) visual acuity
B) binocular depth cues
C) contrast sensitivity
D) amodal sensory perception
Q3) __________ preference assesses infants' __________ memory.
A) Novelty; recent
B) Familiarity; recent
C) Novelty; remote
D) Familiarity; muscle
Q4) Which statement about infant learning is true?
A) Babies do not come into the world with built-in learning capacities.
B) Infants are capable of learning through classical, but not operant, conditioning.
C) Babies learn through their natural preference for novel stimulation.
D) Toddlers, but not infants, learn by observing others.
Q5) What influence does heredity have on physical growth?
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Q6) Explain intermodal perception and its importance to perceptual development.
Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is more challenging than __________.
A) Recall; recognition
B) Recognition; short-term recall
C) Recognition; long-term recall
D) Identification; retrieval
Q2) Mental tests __________.
A) measure variations in developmental progress
B) focus on the process of cognitive development
C) are accurate indicators of what babies and toddlers understand
D) focus on environmental influences on intelligence
Q3) The more time caregivers and infants spend in joint play with objects,the __________.
A) slower babies' vocabulary growth
B) earlier babies use preverbal gestures
C) later babies say their first word
D) more often caregivers speak for infants
Q4) Define the concepts of adaptation,assimilation,and accommodation.Explain how the balance between assimilation and accommodation varies over time with regard to cognitive equilibrium and disequilibrium.
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Q5) Describe the signs of developmentally appropriate infant and toddler child care.
Chapter 6: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The rise in fear after 6 months is adaptive because it __________.
A) keeps newly mobile babies' enthusiasm for exploration in check
B) enables the infant to overcome obstacles
C) prevents the child from displaying stranger anxiety
D) gives the infant a sense of shame and doubt
Q2) Which theory of attachment is the most widely accepted view?
A) ethological
B) psychoanalytic
C) sociocultural
D) behaviorist
Q3) The __________ taps a wider array of attachment-related behaviors than the Strange Situation.
A) secure base
B) Attachment Q-Sort
C) internal working model
D) goodness-of-fit model
Q4) When anxious or unhappy,Baby Meredith prefers to be comforted by her mother.Tim,her father,is concerned that Meredith will not become attached to him.What information can you provide to reassure Tim?
Q5) Describe separation anxiety.When does it occur?
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Priya was born with a deficiency of thyroxine.She did not receive prompt treatment.Priya is most likely __________.
A) extremely tall for her age
B) intellectually disabled
C) growing at a normal rate
D) strong in spatial relationship skills
Q2) A researcher shows 3-year-old Emilia two small boxes-a familiar crayon box and a plain,unmarked box.When the researcher asks Emilia to pick the box with the crayons in it,Emilia picks the familiar box.The researcher then shows Emilia that the familiar box is empty and the unmarked box contains crayons.Finally,the researcher introduces Emilia to a puppet named Betty and asks,"Where do you think Betty will look for the crayons?" The researcher is testing Emilia's grasp of __________.
A) false beliefs
B) conservation
C) irreversibility
D) class inclusion
Q3) Describe the benefits of make-believe play.
Q4) Describe a Vygotskian early childhood classroom.How does it differ from a Piagetian classroom?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Reviewers of thousands of studies have concluded that TV violence __________.
A) decreases the likelihood of hostile emotions, but increases the likelihood of aggressive behavior in viewers
B) has a negative impact on preschool children, but does not increase aggression in older children
C) is common on nighttime programming, but perpetrators are almost always punished
D) increases the likelihood of hostile thoughts and aggressive behavior in viewers
Q2) Three-year-old Joy is a gender-schematic child.Because Joy does not like raisins,she is likely to conclude that __________.
A) nobody likes raisins
B) only girls like raisins
C) only boys like raisins
D) she is the only girl who does not like raisins
Q3) Discuss factors within the family that heighten the risk of child maltreatment.
Q4) Describe some of the undesirable consequences of frequent punishment.
Q5) Discuss direct and indirect parental influences on early peer relations.
Q6) Compare and contrast the authoritative and authoritarian child-rearing styles.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) To help himself learn the words dog and hat,Roman generated a mental image of a dog wearing a hat.Which memory strategy did Roman use?
A) elaboration
B) organization
C) rehearsal
D) taxonomical grouping
Q2) Which elementary classroom shows signs of high-quality education?
A) Classroom A, where parents are invited to visit by appointment only
B) Classroom B, where students work independently throughout the school day
C) Classroom C, where teachers use written observations to individualize instruction
D) Classroom D, where curricular subjects are segregated, so children develop strengths
Q3) Children from economically advantaged homes are at their healthiest in
A) infancy
B) early childhood
C) middle childhood
D) adolescence
Q4) Discuss the development of planning on multistep tasks in middle childhood.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research on peer victimization shows that __________.
A) most bullies who engage in face-to-face verbal attacks are girls
B) school codes against bullying are rarely effective at reducing peer victimization
C) aggression and victimization are not polar opposites
D) chronic victims tend to be active when passive behavior is expected
Q2) Research shows that declines in well-being following divorce are greatest for
A) noncustodial fathers
B) mothers of young children
C) custodial fathers
D) mothers of school-age children
Q3) During the school years,once a friendship forms,__________ becomes its defining feature.
A) proximity
B) stability
C) similarity
D) trust
Q4) Describe development in middle childhood of only children in the United States and China.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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131 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement about contraceptive use in adolescence is true?
A) Adolescents' use of contraceptives decreased throughout the 1990s and early 2000s.
B) Adolescents who report good relationships with parents are less likely to use birth control.
C) Self-regulation is difficult for teenagers, who often overlook the potential consequences of risky behaviors.
D) Young people are most likely to use condoms in relatively new relationships in which they feel high trust or love.
Q2) Sex education __________.
A) that provides specific information about contraceptives encourages early sex
B) need only last a few sessions to reduce teenage pregnancy rates
C) that catalogs facts about anatomy and reproduction delays the initiation of sexual activity
D) must help teenagers build a bridge between what they know and what they do
Q3) Discuss effective interventions for adolescent parents.
Q4) Describe the sleep patterns of teenagers today.Discuss sleep deprivation and sleep rebound.
Q5) Discuss the effects of part-time work during high school.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Laurent plans to major in engineering in college.When asked if he might change his career path,he responds,"I might,but I doubt it.I've spent a lot of time studying my options.I'm pretty sure engineering is right for me." Laurent is demonstrating identity
A) foreclosure
B) diffusion
C) moratorium
D) achievement
Q2) Seventeen-year-old Inez carefully weighs her own judgment and the suggestions of others to arrive at a personally satisfying,well-reasoned independent decision.Inez has developed the __________ component of adolescent autonomy.
A) behavioral
B) cognitive
C) emotional
D) ethical
Q3) Discuss gender differences in friendship quality in adolescence.
Q4) Define and discuss moral identity.What are some factors that strengthen moral identity?
Q5) Describe how sibling interactions adapt to development at adolescence.
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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131 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the United States,one in every __________ individuals is likely to contract a sexually transmitted infection at some point in life.
A) four
B) eight
C) ten
D) twenty
Q2) January engages in regular exercise.As a result,January is __________.
A) more likely to develop diabetes
B) likely to have higher blood pressure
C) likely to recover slower from a cold
D) less likely to catch a cold or the flu
Q3) When adults of any age are asked how many sexual partners they have had in the past year,the usual reply is __________.
A) one
B) two
C) four
D) five
Q4) Discuss the trend toward the use of online dating sites or mobile dating apps as a way to initiate relationships.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Emotional and Social Development in Early
Adulthood
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Erikson,the psychological conflict of early adulthood is __________.
A) initiative versus guilt
B) industry versus inferiority
C) identity versus role confusion
D) intimacy versus isolation
Q2) More than half of births to African-American mothers in their twenties are to
A) divorced, single women
B) women in first marriages
C) women without a partner
D) women in second marriages
Q3) Which individual is the most likely to establish positive bonds quickly with stepchildren?
A) Eula, a stepmother with no other children
B) Wade, a stepfather with children of his own
C) Felipe, a stepfather with no other children
D) Deidre, a stepmother with children of her own
Q4) Compare and contrast attitudes regarding cohabitation in the United States and Western Europe.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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130 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is true about loss of bone strength in middle adulthood?
A) Loss in bone density usually begins in the early twenties and accelerates in the thirties.
B) Environmental factors do little to slow bone loss in postmenopausal women.
C) Loss of bone strength causes the disks of the spinal column to collapse.
D) By the end of middle adulthood, women have lost 70 percent of their bone density.
Q2) Viagra and other medications for impotence __________.
A) are generally safe
B) decrease blood flow to the penis
C) offer permanent relief from erectile dysfunction
D) are associated with an increased risk of cancer and stroke
Q3) __________ likely contributes to negative judgments of middle-aged women's appearance,especially by men.
A) Being a grandmother
B) Menopause
C) Graying hair
D) Being employed
Q4) Describe the Type A behavior pattern.How does it affect health?
Q5) What is hardiness? How do hardy individuals cope with stress?
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Chapter 16: Emotional and Social Development in Middle
Adulthood
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129 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sudie is calm,even-tempered,self-content,comfortable,unemotional,and hardy.She is low in which "big five" personality trait?
A) neuroticism
B) extroversion
C) openness to experience
D) agreeableness
Q2) Childless middle-aged adults __________.
A) become generative as mentors in the workplace, community volunteers, or in family relationships
B) become stagnant because the primary means of realizing generativity is through parenting a child
C) are likely to become stagnant because they are not making contributions that will survive death
D) are likely to become generative because they have time to focus on what they can get from others
Q3) What is the feminization of poverty and how does divorce contribute to it?
Q4) Define possible selves and explain how they shift from early to middle adulthood.
Q5) Describe the sandwich generation.
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ is associated with more rapid cognitive declines in older people and an elevated risk of dementia,especially Alzheimer's disease.
A) Osteoarthritis
B) Rheumatoid arthritis
C) Diabetes
D) Osteoporosis
Q2) About 20 percent of older hip fracture patients __________.
A) fully recover mobility
B) die within a year of the injury
C) never regain the ability to walk unassisted
D) avoid activities because they are afraid to fall
Q3) The rate of Alzheimer's disease is reduced by more than half in older adults __________.
A) who take ginkgo biloba
B) with higher education
C) who participate in leisure activities
D) with low levels of serotonin
Q4) Define and describe terminal decline.
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Q5) How much sleep do older adults require? Discuss some common sleep disturbances of aging.
Chapter 18: Emotional and Social Development in Late
Adulthood
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131 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Harriet can handle dressing,shopping,and food preparation by herself.However,Harriet allows her daughter Ada to assist with these activities,leaving Harriet more stamina for gardening.Harriet is managing her aging by __________.
A) becoming overly dependent on Ada
B) readily accepting formal support from Ada
C) giving up personal control of her social support
D) freeing up energy for endeavors that are personally satisfying
Q2) Mr.Dugan belongs to an older adult lunch club.The other members of the club,while not intimates,are Mr.Dugan's __________ friends.
A) primary
B) intergenerational
C) joint
D) secondary
Q3) Which older adult is at the greatest risk for adjustment difficulties?
A) Ernie, a divorced male who remarries
B) Roy, a divorced male who remains single
C) Angel, a divorced female who remains single
D) Analisa, a divorced female who remarries
Q4) Describe George Vaillant's findings regarding successful aging.
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Death, dying, and Bereavement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Palliative care __________.
A) relieves pain and other symptoms rather than prolonging life
B) includes the provision of life-saving measures, such as respirators
C) involves emergency room treatment and aggressive medical intervention
D) emphasizes rehabilitation rather than high-quality terminal care
Q2) Nurse Elena wants to do all she can to help her terminally ill patients.She can accomplish this by __________.
A) providing pain medication and assuring her patients that they are going to recover soon
B) talking to patients' families about death's certainty, but shielding the patients from that information
C) helping her patients learn enough about their condition to make reasoned choices about whether to fight on or end treatment
D) avoiding discussions about the past and minimizing her patients' personal control over the final phase of life
Q3) What is an advance medical directive? What types are available in the United States?
Q4) What is bereavement overload? Who is at risk for it?
Q5) Define and describe the three phases of death.
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