Introduction to Human Anatomy
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Human Anatomy provides a comprehensive overview of the structure and organization of the human body. The course covers the major body systems, including the skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems. Students will learn the fundamental terminology, body planes, and anatomical positions, as well as the relationships between organs and their functions. Emphasis is placed on understanding how anatomical structures support physiological processes, equipping students with a foundational knowledge essential for further studies in health sciences, medicine, and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Maders Understanding Human Anatomy and Physiology 8th Edition by Susannah Longenbaker
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2
Chapter 1: Organization of the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is INCORRECT in describing the nose?
A)It is superior to the mouth.
B)It is medial to the eyes.
C)It is on the dorsal aspect of the face.
D)It is inferior to the foreheaD.
Answer: C
Q2) Differentiate between local,systemic,acute,and chronic disease.
Answer: A local disease affects a specific part of the body,a systemic disease affects the entire body or several organ systems,an acute disease occurs suddenly and generally lasts a short time,and a chronic disease develops slowly and is generally long-term.
Q3) Which part of the body plays a major part in support,movement,and protection?
A)Nervous system
B)Endocrine system
C)Skeleton
D)Cardiovascular system
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) A molecule made of two or more different atoms bonded together is called a(n) A)ion.
B)isotope.
C)atom.
D)compounD.
Answer: D
Q2) Chemicals that help keep body fluids within a normal pH range are called A)acids. B)bases.
C)buffers.
D)salts.
Answer: C
Q3) Compounds that form ions when put into water are called A)mixtures.
B)solvents.
C)electrolytes. D)suspensions.
Answer: C
Q4) List the four macromolecules found in cells. Answer: Carbohydrates,lipids,proteins,and nucleic acids
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Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
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Sample Questions
Q1) The separation of sister chromatids,being pulled toward the centrioles occurs in A)metaphase.
B)telophase.
C)prophase.
D)anaphase.
Answer: D
Q2) The random movement of simple substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called A)osmosis.
B)filtration.
C)diffusion.
D)pumping.
Answer: C
Q3) __________ are small hair-like extensions that produce movement across the surface of cells.
A)Cilia
B)Flagella
C)Microvilli
D)Basal bodies
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Body Tissues and Membranes
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT a formed element found in blood?
A)Erythrocytes
B)Plasma
C)Leukocytes
D)Thrombocytes
Q2) Which of the following is/are connective tissue(s)?
A)Bone
B)Cartilage
C)Blood
D)All apply.
Q3) The central canals of compact bone contain
A)blood vessels.
B)nerve fibers.
C)both blood vessels and nerve fibers.
Q4) Which tissue contains an extensive extracellular matrix?
A)Muscle
B)Nervous
C)Connective
D)Epithelial
Q5) Compare the appearance of the three types of muscle tissue.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The epidermis
A)is the outer layer of skin.
B)consists of stratified squamous epithelial cells.
C)contains melanocytes.
D)All apply.
Q2) Another name for hives is psoriasis. Another name for hives is urticaria.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is NOT a function of fibroblasts in wound healing?
A)Bring about scar formation
B)Promote tissue regeneration
C)Fight infections
D)Pull the margins of wound together
Q4) The dermis is composed of
A)stratified squamous epithelium.
B)pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
C)loose connective tissue.
D)dense irregular connective tissue.
Q5) Describe the skin's involvement in temperature regulation.
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Chapter 6: The Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The pectoral girdle
A)is the shoulder girdle.
B)contains the clavicle.
C)contains the scapula.
D)All apply.
Q2) Which vertebra is called the "vertebra prominens"?
A)C1
B)T1
C)C7
D)C2
Q3) The elbow is an example of a __________ joint.
A)ball-and-socket
B)hinge
C)gliding
D)pivot
Q4) Compact bone is the main bone tissue found in the epiphyses of long bones. Cancellous (spongy)bone is the main bone tissue found in the epiphyses of long bones.Compact bone makes up the diaphysis.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: The Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The extensor digitorum is named for
A)its action and attachment.
B)its location and action.
C)its size and attachment.
D)its number of attachments and shape.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal muscles?
A)Generate heat
B)Maintain posture
C)Move food through the GI tract
D)Keep blood moving in veins and lymphatics
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of slow-twitch fibers?
A)Have few capillaries
B)Small motor units
C)Have many mitochondria
D)Abundant supply of myoglobin
Q4) What is the sign that a person has accrued an oxygen debt?
A)Inability of muscle to contract
B)Rigor mortis
C)Heavy breathing
D)Fainting
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Chapter 8: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What does the action potential consist of?
A)Depolarization
B)Repolarization
C)Resting potential
D)Depolarization and repolarization
Q2) A sensory neuron carries impulses
A)to muscles and glands.
B)to the CNS.
C)always within the CNS.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT served by the somatic sensory division of the PNS?
A)Stomach
B)Skeletal muscles
C)Special senses
D)Skin
Q4) Gaps in the myelin sheath are called nodes of Ranvier.
A)True
B)False
Q5) When someone is frightened,they seem to have more strength to run or fight than normal.What is the reason for this?
Q6) List and describe the three types of functional areas in the cerebrum.
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Chapter 9: The Sensory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pain receptors are stimulated by normal changes in chemicals. Pain receptors are stimulated by abnormal changes in chemicals.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Taste buds are found on structures called lamellae. Taste buds are found on structures called papillae.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The image, is projected onto the retina as .
A)True
B)False
Q4) What structure does the stapes attach to?
A)Tympanic membrane
B)Oval window
C)Malleus
D)Round window
Q5) Explain why someone with a vitamin A deficiency might have dim vision at night.
Q6) When a person suffers a heart attack they often experience pain in their left shoulder and arm.What is this called and why does it occur?
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Q7) Describe the process in which sound waves are conducted to the spiral organ.
Chapter 10: The Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following growth factors is NOT important in wound healing?
A)Tumor angiogenesis factor
B)Epidermal growth factor
C)Nerve growth factor
D)Platelet-derived growth factor
Q2) Aldosterone will cause _______ of sodium,while ANH will cause ____ of sodium.
A)excretion;reabsorption
B)reabsorption;excretion
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a result of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system?
A)Blood pressure increases due to constriction of arterioles.
B)Blood pressure increases due to reabsorption of sodium and therefore water into the blood.
C)Blood pressure decreases due to dilation of arterioles.
D)Blood volume increases due to the effect of ADH.
Q4) A lack of testosterone causes baldness.
The presence of testosterone with the gene causes baldness.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare peptide and steroid hormone action.
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Chapter 11: Blood
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Q1) Leukemia involves
A)uncontrolled production of abnormal white blood cells.
B)a decrease in leukocyte production.
C)a viral infection.
D)a bacterial infection.
Q2) Mr.Jones has Type A blood and needs a transfusion.What type(s)could he safely be given?
A)Type A only
B)Type A or Type AB
C)Type A or Type O
D)Type O only
Q3) Mrs.Smith needs a blood transfusion.She has Type O blood.What type(s)could she safely be given?
A)Type AB only
B)Type AB and Type O
C)Type O only
D)Type A,Type B,Type AB,or Type O
Q4) White blood cells defend the body against pathogens.
A)True B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What initiates the heartbeat and is called the pacemaker?
A)nerves
B)AV node
C)SA node
D)brain
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a treatment for congestive heart failure?
A)diuretics - to increase urine output
B)disaccharides - to increase energy
C)digoxin - to increase heart contraction strength
D)dilators - to relax blood vessels
Q3) What structures control blood flow into capillary beds?
A)adhesion junctions
B)precapillary sphincters
C)arteriovenous shunt
D)semilunar valve
Q4) In an ECG,the QRS complex represents
A)depolarization of the atriA.
B)depolarization of the ventricles.
C)repolarization of the atria.
D)repolarization of the ventricles.
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Chapter 13: The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses
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Sample Questions
Q1) What happens after a T cell has been activated for a specific antigen?
A)produces cytokines
B)undergoes clonal expansion
C)produces antibodies
D)Both produces cytokines and undergoes clonal expansion
Q2) Special lymphatic capillaries in the small intestines are called A)lymph nodes.
B)lacteals.
C)villi.
D)lymph.
Q3) What type of immune cell reaches maturity in the thymus?
A)B lymphocytes
B)neutrophils
C)monocytes
D)T lymphocytes
Q4) The spleen actively filters debris from lymph. The spleen actively filters debris from blood.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Differentiate between passive and active immunity.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal conchae?
A)provide an area for the olfactory receptors
B)increased surface area for moistening inhaled air
C)create turbulence to help clean the air
D)increase surface area to trap moisture from exhaled air
Q2) What characteristic(s)of the respiratory membrane facilitate(s)gas exchange?
A)large amount of tissue fluid to dissolve the gases
B)simple squamous epithelium of the alveolus and capillaries
C)small surface area
D)large groups of red blood cells in contact with the membrane
Q3) After bicarbonate ion is produced in the red blood cell,it moves into the plasma and is replaced by a _____ to keep electrical neutrality.
A)hydrogen ion
B)calcium ion
C)chloride ion
D)potassium ion
Q4) Total lung volume is approximately 5800 mLs.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the events in ventilation.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lacteals
A)are located in villi.
B)are part of the lymphatic system.
C)absorb fat molecules.
D)All apply.
Q2) Which nutrient is the body's main building block?
A)carbohydrates
B)minerals
C)vitamins
D)proteins
Q3) Sucrase can substitute for lactase for those who do not have lactase to digest the sugar lactose.
Sucrase can not substitute for lactase.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Since proteins are needed by the body,all twenty amino acids are considered essential amino acids.
Only nine are considered essential.The liver can make the other eleven.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: The Urinary System and Excretion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe how carbonic acid and the bicarbonate ion function to help maintain a constant blood pH.
Q2) Which of the following is a function of the urinary system?
A)excretion of metabolic wastes
B)secretion of hormones
C)maintenance of acid-base balance
D)All apply.
Q3) How much of the urine volume is water?
A)85%
B)90%
C)92%
D)95%
Q4) During dialysis,materials can also be added to the blood as well as having substances removed.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Water moves out of the _____ limb of the loop of Henle,while sodium chloride moves out of the _____ limb of the loop of Henle.
A)ascending;descending
B)descending;ascending
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Chapter 17: The Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The female is pregnant when A)LH is present in the blood.
B)FSH is present in the blood.
C)hCG is present in the blood.
D)All apply.
Q2) Ovulation is triggered by A)the LH surge.
B)high levels of progesterone.
C)low levels of FSH.
D)low levels of estrogen.
Q3) The sperm's midpiece contains A)the chromosomes.
B)the mitochondria.
C)enzymes.
D)the tail.
Q4) Low sperm count could be attributed to A)herbicides and pesticides.
B)chemical exposure.
C)overheating of the testes.
D)All apply.
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Chapter 18: Human Development and Birth
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Q1) What important event does NOT occur in the second week of development?
A)the heart develops
B)the embryonic disk is formed.
C)implantation begins.
D)hCG is secreted to maintain the corpus luteum
Q2) What hormones initiate and continue uterine contractions until birth of the baby?
A)prostaglandins
B)estrogen
C)oxytocin
D)both prostaglandins and oxytocin
Q3) The heart begins as two tubes that fuse and begin to pump.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When do ova and sperm begin to form?
A)6 weeks embryonically
B)14 weeks embryonically
C)at birth
D)at puberty
Q5) List the embryonic membranes and explain their functions.
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Chapter 19: Human Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) If one parent has only dominant genes and the other has only recessive genes for a particular recessive genetic disorder,how many of their children should be affected by the disorder?
Q2) Monosomy could result from
A)an ovum of 24 chromosomes fertilized by a sperm with 23 chromosomes.
B)an ovum of 22 chromosomes fertilized by a sperm with 23 chromosomes.
C)an ovum of 23 chromosomes fertilized by a sperm with 23 chromosomes.
D)None apply.
Q3) The sex of a child is determined by the A)sperm. B)egg.
C)either sperm or egg.
Q4) Karyotyping of chromosomes may be done immediately from cells obtained by amniocentesis.
Cells need to be cultured to get enough for karyotyping,so it may take up to four weeks before the karyotype can be done.
A)True B)False
Q5) Color blindness is considered a sex-linked recessive disorder.Explain what this means.
Page 21
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