Introduction to Human Anatomy
Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Human Anatomy provides a foundational overview of the structure and organization of the human body. This course covers the major systems skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive focusing on the relationships between form and function at the cellular, tissue, organ, and systemic levels. Students will explore anatomical terminology, basic physiological concepts, and the interplay between body systems to develop a comprehensive understanding necessary for advanced study in health sciences and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Human Anatomy 7th Edition by Frederic H. Martini
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28 Chapters
5578 Verified Questions
5578 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Foundations: An Introduction to Anatomy
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190 Verified Questions
190 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The two layers of a serous membrane are
A)pericardial and parietal.
B)double sheets of peritoneum.
C)visceral and parietal.
D)pleural and parietal.
E)internal and external.
Answer: C
Q2) Label E: ______________________________
Answer: Mentis or chin (mental)
Q3) Superior means the same as cranial in humans.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Which of the following pairs consists of anatomical equivalents
A)distal, coronal
B)proximal, lateral
C)cranial, caudal
D)cephalic, posterior
E)anterior, ventral
Answer: E
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Chapter 2: Foundations: The Cell
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain why adult animals and plants replace many of their cells throughout their lifetimes.
Answer: Cells can be damaged by physical wear and tear, toxic chemicals, temperature changes, or other environmental hazards. Cells are also lost due to aging and must be replaced.
Q2) Communicating junctions are found in high quantities in the A)heart.
B)brain.
C)lungs.
D)eyes.
E)bones.
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following events occur during metaphase
A)Chromosomes align at the equator of the cell.
B)Microtubules form the spindle apparatus.
C)Daughter chromosomes move toward the opposite ends of the cell.
D)Centrioles move apart.
E)All of the answers are correct.
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Foundations: Tissues and Early Embryology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mucous membranes
A)line body cavities that communicate with the exterior.
B)keep epithelial surfaces moist.
C)warm epithelial surfaces.
D)line body cavities that communicate with the exterior and keep them moist.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Answer: D
Q2) The supporting structural material of the epiglottis is elastic cartilage.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Label E: ______________________________
Answer: Stem cells
Q4) Stereocilia are described by which of the following
A)present in the epithelium of the female reproductive tract
B)very short microvilli
C)present on receptor cells of the inner ear
D)manufactured by the Golgi apparatus
E)All of the answers are correct.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: The Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most deadly kind of skin cancer is ________.
Q2) The pigment that causes one's normal skin color is ________.
Q3) Merocrine sweat glands are the primary gland involved in thermoregulation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Label N: ______________________________
Q5) Modified sweat glands that secrete earwas are called ________ glands.
Q6) Label N: ______________________________
Q7) Label V: ______________________________
Q8) Of the following structures, which is covered or lined by the integumentary system
A)external ear canal
B)oral cavity
C)vaginal canal
D)nasal cavity
E)All of the answers are correct.
Q9) Water loss via active sweating onto the surface of the skin and subsequent evaporation is ________ perspiration.
Q11) Label K: ______________________________ Page 6
Q10) Label B: ______________________________
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Page 7
Chapter 5: The Skeletal System: Osseous Tissue and
Skeletal Structure
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because they are strong and relatively inflexible, calcium phosphate crystals enable bone to withstand the stress of ________.
Q2) Label R: ______________________________
Q3) Layers of bone that go all the way around a bone are referred to as
A)concentric lamellae.
B)interstitial lamellae.
C)circumferential lamellae.
D)radial lamellae.
E)longitudinal lamellae.
Q4) Which of the following is required to produce calcitrol in the kidneys
A)calcium
B)vitamin A
C)vitamin C
D)vitamin D
E)sodium
Q5) Label G: ______________________________
Q6) Label H: ______________________________
Q7) The constant recycling of bone is called bone ________.
Q8) Why does a torn cartilage heal more slowly than a broken bone Page 8
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Page 9
Chapter 6: The Skeletal System: Axial Division
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Sample Questions
Q1) Label H: ______________________________
Q2) The skull of a newborn often appears to be deformed, but after a short period of time, the skull assumes normal shape. What happened during the birth process and why did this change occur
Q3) Label M: ______________________________
Q4) The mandible is the upper jaw bone.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following bones might be broken during strangulation
A)mandible
B)temporal bone
C)sphenoid bone
D)nasal bone
E)hyoid bone
Q6) Label Y: ______________________________
Q7) Label C: ______________________________
Q8) Label M: ______________________________
Q9) Label R: ______________________________
Q10) The ________ are bones contained within the tympanic cavity of the temporal bone. Page 10
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Chapter 7: The Skeletal System: Appendicular Division
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the two bones of the forearm, only the distal aspect of the ________ articulates with the carpal bones of the wrist.
Q2) Label R: ______________________________
Q3) In the hand, ________ bones articulate with distal carpal bones and support the palm.
Q4) Label X: ______________________________
Q5) Label Q: ______________________________
Q6) Label D: ______________________________
Q7) Label W: ______________________________
Q8) The clavicle articulates with the ________ of the sternum.
Q9) The medial epicondyle of the humerus is sometimes referred to as the ________ by laypersons.
Q10) The ________ make up the bones of the digits on both the hand and foot.
Q11) The crural interosseous membrane extends between the A)radius and ulna.
B)tibia and fibula.
C)femur and tibia.
D)humerus and radius.
E)talus and calcaneus.
Page 12
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Page 13
Chapter 8: The Skeletal System: Articulations
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Sample Questions
Q1) What would be the expected result of contraction of a muscle attached to the olecranon process
Q2) Turn soles inward is called dorsiflexion.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The name applied to rheumatic diseases that affect synovial joints is ________.
Q4) A partial dislocation of the articular surfaces of a joint is a ________.
Q5) Which of the following is a function of synovial fluid
A)act as shock absorbers
B)nourish the chondrocytes
C)reduce friction
D)provide lubrication
E)All of the answers are correct.
Q6) One special movement of the thumb is called reposition.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Label K: ______________________________
Q8) Label E: ______________________________
Q9) Label U: ______________________________
Q10) Label N: ______________________________ Page 14
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Page 15
Chapter 9: The Muscular System: Skeletal Muscle Tissue and
Muscle Organization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Label C: ______________________________
Q2) Label W: ______________________________
Q3) The largest muscle fiber type is
A)fast fibers.
B)slow fibers.
C)intermediate fibers.
D)cardiac fibers.
E)smooth fibers.
Q4) The tension produced in a muscle fiber is directly proportional to the number of ________ formed.
Q5) How are oxygen and nutrients supplied to the tissues of a muscle
Q6) Label C: ______________________________
Q7) Label X: ______________________________
Q8) The neurotransmitter involved in the process of contraction in skeletal muscles is A)ATP.
B)acetylcholine.
C)troponin.
D)synovial fluid.
E)None of the answers are correct. Page 16
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Page 17
Chapter 10: The Muscular System: Axial Musculature
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Sample Questions
Q1) Label C: ______________________________
Q2) Label A: ______________________________
Q3) The internal intercostal aids in respiration.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Label C: ______________________________
Q5) Label LL: ______________________________
Q6) Label V: ______________________________
Q7) Label W: ______________________________
Q8) Label AAA: ______________________________
Q9) Label K: ______________________________
Q10) The oblique and rectus muscles do which of the following A)help to position the vertebral column
B)form the walls of the thoracic cavity
C)occur in the neck
D)provide walls for the abdominal cavity
E)All of the answers are correct.
Q11) Label F: ______________________________
Q12) Label VV: ______________________________ Page 18
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Page 19
Chapter 11: The Muscular System: Appendicular
Musculature
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Sample Questions
Q1) Label G: ______________________________
Q2) The main agonist for inversion of the foot is the ________ muscle.
Q3) Label C: ______________________________
Q4) Label D: ______________________________
Q5) The adductor magnus, longus, and brevis muscles all insert on the
A)pectineal line.
B)greater trochanter.
C)lesser torchanter.
D)linea aspera.
E)iliotibial band.
Q6) Label Q: ______________________________
Q7) Label U: ______________________________
Q8) The major groups of appendicular muscles include those of (the) A)vertebral column.
B)posterior cervical region.
C)shoulder and upper limb region.
D)pelvic girdle and lower limbs.
E)shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower limbs.
Q9) Label N: ______________________________ Page 20
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Page 21
Chapter 12: Surface Anatomy and Cross-Sectional Anatomy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Label E: ______________________________
Q2) Understanding of surface anatomy can be used to
A)diagnoses some skeletal problems.
B)diagnoses some muscular problems.
C)help understand other aspects of anatomy.
D)develop the skill necessary to perform a physical examination.
E)All of the answers are correct.
Q3) Label G: ______________________________
Q4) The region in the neck where you can feel your pulse is called the A)suprahyoid triangle.
B)submandibular triangle.
C)superior carotid triangle.
D)inferior carotid triangle.
E)posterior cervical triangle.
Q5) Label W: ______________________________
Q6) If a person has a backache and asks a friend to massage the areas likely to be causing the problem, what muscles and anatomical features would be massaged, and what anatomical landmarks could be located in order to help find the muscles
Q8) Label I: ______________________________ Page 22
Q7) Label O: ______________________________
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Page 23
Chapter 13: The Nervous System: Neural Tissue
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Sample Questions
Q1) The activity of the nervous system is dependent upon
A)large amounts of energy.
B)cellular connections.
C)a proper extracellular environment.
D)a proper intracellular environment.
E)All of the answers are correct.
Q2) How do the functions of oligodendrocytes differ from those of Schwann cells
Q3) Label O: ______________________________
Q4) At a neuromuscular synapse, the action potential is generated in the plasmalemma, or ________, of a muscle fiber.
Q5) A neuromuscular synapse is a type of ________ synapse in which a neuron communicates with a muscle fiber instead of another neuron.
Q6) Label D: ______________________________
Q7) Label G: ______________________________
Q8) Label C: ______________________________
Q9) Label A: ______________________________
Q10) Label H: ______________________________
Q11) Label F: ______________________________
Q12) Label L: ______________________________ Page 24
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Page 25
Chapter 14: The Nervous System: The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
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Sample Questions
Q1) The increased amount of gray matter in the lumbar region of the spinal cord is known as the ________.
Q2) Label R: ______________________________
Q3) The ventral root of a spinal nerve transmits ________ information ________ the spinal cord.
A)sensory; toward B)sensory; away from C)motor; toward D)motor; away from E)visceral; toward
Q4) Components of the central nervous system (CNS)include
A)peripheral nerves and ganglia.
B)the spinal cord and brain.
C)autonomic components only.
D)efferent components only.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Q5) Label BB: ______________________________
26
Q6) Label F: ______________________________
Q7) Label L: ______________________________
Q8) Label K: ______________________________
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Chapter 15: The Nervous System: Sensory and Motor Tracts
of the Spinal Cord
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fiber column immediately adjacent to the posterior median sulcus is the ________.
Q2) Sensations detected by the receptors for the lateral spinothalamic pathway include A)proprioception.
B)pressure.
C)temperature.
D)vibration.
E)All of the answers are correct.
Q3) Label I: ______________________________
Q4) Label E: ______________________________
Q5) Which descending tracts terminate at the motor nuclei of cranial nerves controlling eye movements, facial muscles, jaw muscles and some muscles of the neck and pharynx
A)lateral corticospinal
B)corticospinal
C)corticobulbar
D)spinothalamic
E)posterior column
Q6) Label J: ______________________________
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Chapter 16: The Nervous System: The Brain and Cranial Nerves
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Sample Questions
Q1) Label M: ______________________________
Q2) Scanning data, electrical monitoring, and clinical observations have shown that several cortical areas act as higher order integrative centers
A)in the frontal lobes of the cerebrum.
B)for complex sensory stimuli and motor responses.
C)in the left cerebral hemisphere in all individuals.
D)that function more efficiently after a frontal lobotomy.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Q3) Physical connections of the medulla include
A)all fibers connecting the brain to the spinal cord.
B)direct links between the spinal cord and cerebellarl hemispheres.
C)ascending tracts, but not descending tracts, from the brain.
D)descending tracts, but not ascending tracts, to the brain.
E)All of the answers are correct.
Q4) Label B: ______________________________
Q5) Label P: ______________________________
Q6) Label L: ______________________________
Q8) Label P: ______________________________ Page 29
Q7) Label G: ______________________________
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Page 30
Chapter 17: The Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The collateral ganglia are located
A)lateral and posterior to the vertebral column.
B)in the wall of the organ to be innervated.
C)posterior to the descending aorta.
D)anterior and lateral to the descending aorta.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Q2) In the parasympathetic division, the postsynaptic membrane of a ganglionic neuron has ________ receptors that are excited by acetylcholine.
Q3) Norepinephrine released from the sympathetic fibers is usually
A)inhibitory.
B)reverberating.
C)excitatory.
D)long lasting.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Q4) Visceral motor neurons with cell bodies in the CNS are called ________ neurons.
Q5) Label BB: ______________________________
Q6) Label U: ______________________________
Page 31
Q7) Blood flow to skeletal muscles is controlled by the distribution of ________ fibers of the sympathetic division of the ANS.
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Chapter 18: The Nervous System: General and Special
Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) The kinocilia and stereocilia of the hair cells in the semicircular ducts are embedded in a gelatinous structure called (the)
A)ampulla.
B)cupula.
C)crista.
D)organ of Corti.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Q2) Stretch receptors that monitor changes in pressure are ________.
Q3) Label C: ______________________________
Q4) Label Q: ______________________________
Q5) The second order neurons of the olfactory pathway have cell bodies located in which of the following areas
A)in the olfactory epithelium
B)near specialized olfactory receptors within the epithelium
C)in the olfactory bulbs
D)next to basal cells
E)in the olfactory glands, which are located in the underlying lamina propria
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Q6) The function of structures within the middle ear is to ________ and transmit sound waves to the inner ear.
Chapter 19: The Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Damage to the zona fasciculata of the suprarenal cortex would result in
A)the disappearance of axillary and pubic hair.
B)an decrease in urine volume.
C)decreased ability to synthesize glucose.
D)increased water retention.
E)decreased blood glucose levels.
Q2) Label C: ______________________________
Q3) All endocrine structures develop from ________ tissue.
A)connective
B)neural
C)epithelial
D)muscle
E)None of the answers are correct.
Q4) The secretion of ________ by nurse cells suppresses FSH release from the anterior pituitary.
Q5) The zona reticularis of the suprarenal cortex secretes ________.
Q6) Label A: ______________________________
Q7) ADH and oxytocin are called ________ because they are produced and secreted by neurons.
Q8) Label K: ______________________________
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Chapter 20: The Cardiovascular System: Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The major differences between plasma and interstitial fluid include
A)plasma has much lower protein levels.
B)plasma has a much higher protein concentration.
C)plasma oxygen levels are lower than those of interstitial fluid.
D)plasma has very different potassium ion concentrations.
E)plasma has very different sodium ion concentrations.
Q2) The hormone erythropoietin is produced and secreted
A)during hypoxic conditions.
B)by the spleen.
C)by the bone marrow.
D)in response to stimulation of the rate of cell division in erythroblasts.
E)by shifting of production away from making stem cells.
Q3) Development of lymphocytes involves (the) A)thymus.
B)bone marrow.
C)colony-stimulating factors.
D)lymph nodes.
E)All of the answers are correct.
Q4) In the adult, red blood cells are produced in areas of the ________.
Q5) The process of blood cell formation is called ________.
Page 34
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Chapter 21: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
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Sample Questions
Q1) Blood travels from the left atrium to the left ventricle through the A)semilunar valve.
B)fossa ovalis.
C)mitral valve.
D)tricuspid valve.
E)conus arteriosus.
Q2) Label J: ______________________________
Q3) Externally the posterior and inferior portions of the left ventricle form the A)sternocostal surface.
B)right border.
C)left border.
D)diaphragmatic surface.
E)superior border.
Q4) Label G: ______________________________
Q5) Label H: ______________________________
Q6) Label K: ______________________________
Q7) What factors have been identified that can cause an increased risk of heart attack
Q8) The ________ are the folds of muscular tissue inside the ventricles.
Q9) Label A: ______________________________
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Chapter 22: The Cardiovascular System: Vessels and Circulation
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Q1) Label C: ______________________________
Q2) The cerebral arterial circle "encircles" which of the following
A)great vessels (arteries and veins)at the base of the heart
B)phrenic arteries to the diaphragm
C)infundibulum of the pituitary gland
D)carotid arteries (internal and external)
E)all vessels and passageways passing through the mediastinum
Q3) Label Q: ______________________________
Q4) The parietal branches of the thoracic aorta include the
A)superior phrenic arteries.
B)intercostal arteries.
C)mediastinal arteries.
D)pericardial arteries.
E)superior thoracic and intercostal arteries.
Q5) Label II: ______________________________
Q6) Label DD: ______________________________
Q7) Label F: ______________________________
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Q8) ________ is characterized by endothelial changes and plaque accumulation.
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Page 37
Chapter 23: The Lymphoid System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the first event in defense against bacteria
A)interferon release
B)antigen appearance on plasmalemma
C)activation of B cells
D)activation of T cytotoxic cells
E)macrophage activation
Q2) The right lymphatic duct
A)carries lymph to the right brachiocephalic vein.
B)carries lymph originating in tissues superior to the diaphragm.
C)carries lymph from the right bronchomediastinal trunk.
D)joins the left subclavian vein immediately lateral to where the left internal jugular vein joins.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Q3) Large quantities of ________ are contained in the red pulp of the spleen.
Q4) Lymphoid functions of the spleen include
A)production of B and T cells.
B)maturation of T cells.
C)phagocytosis of damaged or infected cells circulating with the blood.
D)addition of many new NK cells to the circulation.
E)All of the answers are correct.
Page 38
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Chapter 24: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cell types of the alveoli include which of the following A)macrophages
B)goblet cells
C)pseudostratified, ciliated, and columnar epithelia
D)mucus glands
E)All of the answers are correct.
Q2) The ________ connects the larynx and the bronchi.
Q3) Label L: ______________________________
Q4) The openings of the auditory tubes are located in the A)oropharynx.
B)larynx.
C)laryngopharynx.
D)nasopharynx.
E)nasal cavity.
Q5) Label B: ______________________________
Q6) The ________ consists of the nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and pharynx.
Q7) Label G: ______________________________
Q8) Contamination of the inspired air can damage the delicate surfaces of the respiratory system. The respiratory mechanisms that are responsible for the filtration that prevents this occurrence are called the ________.
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Chapter 25: The Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an intraperitoneal organ
A)ascending colon
B)stomach
C)ureter
D)pancreas
E)duodenum
Q2) The ventral mesentery that forms the border between the right and left lobe of the liver is called the ________.
Q3) Label R: ______________________________
Q4) A woman who had a cesarean section several weeks previously was recovering well until she began to gain weight rapidly and had great distention of the abdominal cavity. Other symptoms include abdominal tenderness and soreness. What is likely to be the problem this woman is experiencing and what is the most likely cause
Q5) Label E: ______________________________
Q6) Buffers and enzymes from the pancreas as well as bile from the liver reach the duodenum, about halfway along its length, by passing through the ________.
Q7) When smooth muscle tone and general motility decrease in older individuals, peristalsis slows, often causing ________.
Page 40
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Chapter 26: The Urinary System
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Q1) Label M: ______________________________
Q2) Label K: ______________________________
Q3) When we become aware of the need to urinate, it is because we become aware of the increase in ________ within the urinary bladder.
Q4) Label M: ______________________________
Q5) Blood exits the nephron via A)efferent arteriole.
B)renal artery.
C)afferent arteriole.
D)various venules.
E)lobar artery.
Q6) An obstruction in the glomerulus would increase the blood pressure in the A)afferent arteriole.
B)renal artery.
C)efferent arteriole.
D)intralobular artery.
E)lobular vein.
Q7) The papillary duct empties into the minor calyx.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 27: The Reproductive System
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Q1) Milk production in the mammary glands
A)is stimulated by a combination of hormones including prolactin, growth hormone, and human placental lactogen.
B)is initiated during the birth process.
C)occurs by the process of meiosis.
D)begins to occur at the start of each monthly cycle, but only continues if pregnancy occurs.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Q2) Which of the following is a function of spermatogonia
A)support of spermiogenesis
B)sperm production
C)support of spermatogenesis
D)secretion of inhibin
E)secretion of ABP
Q3) Label F: ______________________________
Q4) Label A: ______________________________
Q5) Label R: ______________________________
Q6) Label H: ______________________________
Q7) Label C: ______________________________
Q8) Label I: ______________________________ To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 42
Chapter 28: Embryology and Human Development
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
199 Verified Questions
199 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/38066
Sample Questions
Q1) Label J: ______________________________
Q2) Label P: ______________________________
Q3) When the sperm penetrates the egg plasmalemma, it causes an alteration in the chemical environment inside the oocyte and ________ follows.
Q4) Label H: ______________________________
Q5) Label E: ______________________________
Q6) Label U: ______________________________
Q7) The cells of the blastodisc that face the blastocoele are the ________.
Q8) Label H: ______________________________
Q9) The two systems with related functions that will change the most rapidly at birth, but that are still undergoing some differentiation shortly before birth, are the circulatory and ________ systems.
Q10) In the early blastocyst, the placenta will develop from (the)
A)blastocoele.
B)trophoblast.
C)inner cell mass.
D)morula.
E)None of the answers are correct.
Q11) Label W: ______________________________ Page 43
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