Introduction to Geography
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Course Introduction
Introduction to Geography provides a foundational understanding of the physical and human dimensions of the world around us. This course explores key concepts such as location, place, scale, and region, examining how natural environments and human societies interact and influence one another. Students will gain insight into topics like landforms, climate patterns, population distribution, cultural landscapes, globalization, and urbanization. By integrating case studies, maps, and spatial data, the course encourages critical thinking about global issues and helps students develop essential geographic inquiry and analysis skills.
Recommended Textbook
The Geography of North America Environment Culture Economy 2nd Edition by Susan W. Hardwick
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Q1) Two different ways to divide North America into regions are ________ and ________.
Answer: cultural regions,landform regions,agricultural regions,climate regions
Q2) Canada's political system,in which the Queen of England is the official head of state,but a prime minister is the elected head of the federal government,is called what?
A)A Commonwealth
B)A Republic
C)A Monarchy
D)Socialism
Answer: A
Q3) Geographic analysis generally focus on three broad topics,people,cultures,and cultural landscapes;political economies;and ________.
Answer: physical geography/studies of the earth's physical systems
Q4) What colonial power settled Greenland?
A)France
B)Spain
C)Britain
D)Denmark
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: North America's Environmental Setting
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Q1) When depositional forces are dominant on a coastline,those forces produce which of the following features?
A)Rugged,narrow beaches
B)Sea cliffs
C)Broad beaches
D)Sea stacks (isolated columns of rocks)
Answer: C
Q2) During the maximum extent of glaciation in North America,continental glaciers extended how far south?
A)Ohio
B)Tennessee
C)Oklahoma
D)Florida
Answer: A
Q3) Temperate grasslands are one of the most highly modified biomes in North America because ________.
Answer: these areas have high soil fertility and are heavily used for agriculture
Q4) GIS stands for ________.
Answer: Geographic Information Systems
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Chapter 3: Historical Settlement of North America
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Q1) Before European settlement in North America,population densities of Native Americans/First Nations were the greatest in which region?
A)The Pacific Northwest,California,and present-day Southeastern United States
B)The Northeast (Atlantic Periphery)and around the Great Lakes
C)The Great Plains,Rocky Mountains,and Intermontane West
D)The Southwest and Hawaii
Answer: A
Q2) One of the largest demographic shifts in the 20 century was called the ________,and involved the African Americans.
Answer: Great Migration
Q3) What economic factor fueled European exploration of the "New World"?
A)Wars in Europe led to displaced peoples needing to find a new home.
B)Food shortages in Europe led to the need to new farming lands.
C)European monarchs needed money to repay the merchants who supported their regimes.
D)Merchants in Europe needed new products to fuel an increasing demand for luxuries. Answer: C
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Chapter 4: North American Political Economy
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Q1) The percentage of people employed in the primary sector in North America has ________ over the last 100 years.
A)Increased
B)Decreased
C)Stayed at about the same level
D)Fluctuated
Q2) During the 19th and early 20th century most of the largest cities in the United States were located in ________.
A)The Northeast
B)The Sunbelt
C)The Northwest
D)The Great Plains
Q3) Between 2000 and 2010 a number of large cities in which region lost population?
A)The Southwest
B)New England
C)The Rust Belt
D)The Northwest
Q4) Prior to the 1960s most new immigrants lived in ________.
Q5) Why has the secondary sector in the Rust Belt declined in recent decades?
Q6) Mining is an example of a ________ sector economic activity.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Atlantic Periphery
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Q1) How might increasing tourism and migration from wealthier nearby regions impact the economy of the Atlantic Periphery?
A)Local businesses will benefit from the increased numbers of customers
B)Real estate prices will rise
C)Businesses might be attracted by the increasing population and low cost of living for their workers
D)Both A and B
E)All of the above
Q2) Which of the following describes the coastline of the Atlantic Periphery?
A)Gently sloping,with wide flat sandy beaches
B)Glaciation as left thin soils and rocky,rugged coastline
C)Many harbors where cities and towns have been established
D)Both A and C
E)Both B and C
Q3) The local people and culture in many parts of the Atlantic Periphery can be described as
A)Hostile and yet dependent on outsiders.
B)Eager to move to other regions and escape chronic unemployment and poverty.
C)Highly independent and self-sufficient.
D)Identifying strongly as Canadians or Americans.
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Chapter 6: Quebec
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Q1) The seigneurial system refers to what?
A)The three elements (Catholic Church,French Language,and the French legal and political traditions)that define Quebec.
B)The integration of Hispanics into Canadian society.
C)The feudal system of landlords that the French government created to control settlement in the new world.
D)The Quebecois practice of only allowing signs in French.
Q2) French settlers tended to have ________ children than British settlers.
A)More
B)Less
C)About the same
D)More sets of twins,so many more
Q3) The Quiet Revolution refers to what?
A)The merging of French and British Canada in 1841
B)The victory of the British over the French in 1763
C)The 1987 accord signed by provincial leaders which assured official protection for Quebec's culture and language
D)The rise of Quebecois nationalism and the Parti Quebecois in the late 1960s
Q4) Explain some of the ways that hockey is linked to ethnic identity in Quebec.
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Chapter 7: Megalopolis
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Q1) Most of the fruit and vegetables produced through truck farming in Megalopolis region are sold ________.
Q2) Currently the major tourist attraction in Atlantic City is ________.
Q3) In recent years,the economy of Atlantic City has begun to recover from the slump it faced after WWII.What economic sector is responsible for this recovery?
A)Primary
B)Secondary
C)Tertiary
D)Quaternary
Q4) Which factors contributed to the establishment of the Northeast as a core area within the world economy?
A)Northeastern cities had excellent locations for international trade
B)New European immigrants provided cheap labor for factories
C)The Erie Canal and railroads gave easy access to the resources of the interior
D)Eastern cities had the nation's largest supply of capital which provided the money needed to support business
E)All of the above contributed
Q5) The water supply for the city of New York comes from ________.
Q6) Today,the largest employer in the Washington,D.C.,area is the ________.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: The Great Lakes and Corn Belt
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Q1) Under the Northwest Ordinance and the newly ratified Constitution of the United States,a state could be admitted into the union once it had ________ Euro-American settlers.
A)6,000
B)60,000
C)600,000
D)No lower limit was set on population under the Northwest Ordinance.
Q2) The climate of the Great Lakes and Corn Belt Region can be characterized as a ________ climate.
A)Dry,maritime
B)Humid,continental
C)Humid,maritime
D)Dry,continental
Q3) Species introduced to areas they are not native to can cause environmental damage by outcompeting the local fauna or flora.These are generally referred to as
A)Invasive species
B)Aggressive groups
C)Encroaching guests
D)Intrusive families
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Chapter 9: The Inland South
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Q1) What North American region produced iconic musicians Elvis Presley and Johnny Cash,as well as race car driver Dale Earnhardt?
A)The Corn Belt and Great Lakes
B)The Coastal South
C)The Inland South
D)The Great Plains
Q2) The Indian Removal Act moved thousands of Native Americans to "Indian Territory" in what eventually became the state of ________.
Q3) The civil rights movement,industrialization,and air conditioning are all factors that led to what?
A)Increased population growth in the Inland South since the 1960s.
B)The end of the plantation system in the 1970s.
C)The departure of many Hispanics from the region in the 1930s.
D)The return of many Native American tribes in the 1960s.
Q4) What factors led to increased contact between the Inland South and the more populous North during the early to mid 20 century? What impacts did this contact have?
Q5) What factors in both the South and North led African Americans to relocate during the Great Migration?
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Chapter 10: The Coastal South
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Q1) Looking at the photo (Figure 10.3),this settlement pattern is an example of what survey system?
A)Metes and Bounds
B)U)S.Public Lands Survey
C)Long Lots
D)Township and Range
Q2) What two sports draw thousands of fans to Florida each year?
A)NASCAR and baseball
B)Yacht racing and football
C)Basketball and sport fishing
D)Volleyball and soccer
Q3) In contrast to settlers in most parts of North America,most early settlers to the Coastal South were members of what religion?
A)Protestantism
B)Catholicism
C)Lutheranism
D)Southern Baptists
Q4) Using two examples from the Coastal South,explain the difference between place dependent forms of tourism and those that are not tied to a particular location.
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Chapter 11: The Great Plains
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Q1) Which of the following best describes the climate in the Great Plains?
A)Mild year round with dry summers and wet winters
B)Dry with extreme temperature differences between the seasons
C)Dry,frigid winters with periods of high rainfall in the summer.
D)Mild winters with dry,hot summers.
Q2) Is Kansas flatter than a pancake?
A)Yes
B)No
C)It is about the same flatness
D)No one has calculated the answer.
Q3) Looking at the map (11.2),in what state or province are the northernmost dunes in the Great Plains located?
A)Saskatchewan
B)Alberta
C)Manitoba
D)Montana
Q4) Discuss the reasons for the movement of the meatpacking industry from cities in the Rust Belt such as Chicago to the Southern Great Plains.Be sure to include the roles of technology and labor.
Q5) The Canadian River flows through ________ and eventually into the ________.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: The Rocky Mountains
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Q1) What city in the Rocky Mountain region was the site of one of the first large ski resorts in North America during the 1930s?
A)Sun Valley,Idaho
B)Sugar Hill,Colorado
C)Telemark,Colorado
D)St.Anton,Idaho
Q2) Explain how population growth in the Rocky Mountain region is likely to interact with the expected impacts of climate change in the future.
Q3) Yellowstone is located on top of a ________,which causes the park's geysers and hot springs.
Q4) Which city,that has experienced population growth due to the high technology sector in recent decades,is also the largest U.S.city in the Rocky Mountain region?
A)Butte
B)Denver
C)Helena
D)Calgary
Q5) Describe the general distribution of ecosystems in the Rocky Mountain region and the factors influencing this distribution.
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Chapter 13: Intermontane West
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Q1) Growth in what city is having a major impact on water levels in Lake Mead,a reservoir on the Colorado River?
A)Las Vegas
B)Los Angeles
C)Grand Junction
D)Phoenix
Q2) Which of the following best defines the term "snowbirds"?
A)Birds that travel above the continental snowline in the summer.
B)Avian species still in existence,unchanged from the last glacial maximum.
C)Retirees from colder parts of North America who travel to spend winters in warm,dry areas
D)People who travel to snowy areas in the winter for recreation.
Q3) NIMBY residents of the Intermontane West are concerned about population growth in the region,which may have impacts on ________.
Q4) In the Intermontane region,western is to windward as eastern is to what?
A)Stillward
B)Anti-windward
C)Leeward
D)Shielded
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Chapter 14: MexAmerica
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Q1) The main center(s)of agriculture in MexAmerica are located where?
A)Near the Rio Grande in the eastern portion of MexAmerica and the Arizona portion of the Colorado River,in the western part of the region
B)In the southern part of the region where it is warm enough to grow frost intolerant crops Students may not think "b" is a viable answers unless center(s)is referenced in the question.
C)In the northern part of the region where there is more regular precipitation
D)Agriculture is widespread throughout MexAmerica because of the region's rich soils
Q2) What environmental problem facing MexAmerica will likely limit the growth of industry and human population in the region during the 21 century?
A)Habitat destruction and the Endangered Species Act
B)Air pollution
C)Water shortages
D)Both A and B
Q3) In comparison to the rest of the United States,the economy of MexAmerica is ________.
Q4) Name two challenges facing MexAmerica and describe how they are being addressed.
Q5) After 1880,large numbers of Mexicans migrated to South Texas because ________.
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Chapter 15: California
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Q1) In California deserts occur in ________.
Q2) If few prospectors got rich during the California gold rush got rich,why is it considered one of the most influential events in California history? What impacts did the gold rush have on the landscape of California?
Q3) A Mediterranean climate,many endemic species,and many fault lines are associated with the physical geography of what region?
A)The Pacific Northwest.
B)The California region.
C)The Intermontane.
D)The Coastal South.
Q4) The Central Valley of California can be divided into two regions based on the ________ in that portion of the valley,the Sacramento Valley and the San Joaquin Valley.
Q5) Looking at the map (15.6),what local water project takes water from the Colorado River?
A)The All American Canal.
B)The Coachella Canal.
C)The Colorado Aqueduct.
D)The Los Angeles Aqueduct.
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Chapter 16: The Pacific Northwest
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Q1) Explain the relationship between topography and climate in the Pacific Northwest.Where are there high levels of precipitation? What about low levels? What explains this variation?
Q2) Although average per capita incomes in the Pacific Northwest are higher than many other regions of North America,there are still high levels of poverty in ________ parts of the region.
Q3) During the early 19th century,most British settlers to the Pacific Northwest were what?
A)British loyalists who had fled to Canada during the Revolutionary War.
B)Employees of the Hudson's Bay Company
C)Independent hunters and trappers trading with the native tribes
D)Irish immigrants fleeing the British takeover of Northern Ireland.
Q4) Most mountain ranges in the Pacific Northwest run in what direction?
A)There is no pattern,different ranges run in different directions
B)East - West
C)North - South
D)Northeast to Southwest
Q5) How did WWII impact the economy of the Pacific Northwest?
Q6) The orographic rainfall on experienced on the western side of the Cascades is caused by ________.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Hawai'i and the Pacific Islands
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Q1) The two smaller islands located in the county of Maui,to the west of the island of Maui,are ________,which for most of the 20th century was owned by Dole,and ________,which is a sacred site for Native Hawai'ians.
Q2) Which of the following hazards present in Hawai'i poses the greatest risk to human life?
A)Volcanoes
B)Flooding
C)Tornados
D)Kona Storms
E)Tsunamis
Q3) Hawai'i has how many inhabited islands?
A)5
B)6
C)7
D)8
Q4) The state of Hawaii is one of only two U.S.states in which ________.
A)Gambling is illegal
B)Prostitution is legal
C)Hard alcohol is illegal
D)Marijuana is legal
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Chapter 18: The Far North
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Q1) The Canadian Shield is one of the most ________-rich areas on the Earth's surface.
A)Mineral
B)Fish
C)Lumber
D)Fur
Q2) Most of the long-distance travel in the Far North is by ________.
A)Boat
B)Plane
C)Road
D)All of the above
Q3) Climate trends in the Far North have shown considerable warming,due to global climate change,during ________.
A)The past decade
B)The past three decades
C)The past nine decades
D)The past fifteen decades
Q4) Explain the concept of the Northwest Passage.What is the potential impact of global warming in relation to this term?
Q5) How has global climate change impacted the Far North?
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Chapter 19: The Future of North America
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Q1) The idea where America believes that its culture is qualitatively superior to others,and so has the moral obligation and right to shape the rest of the world is known as
A)American manifest destiny.
B)American cultural diffusion.
C)American exceptionalism.
D)American monculturalism.
Q2) The gap between the rich and poor is ________ in the United States in comparison to Canada.
Q3) Which of the following is an example of invasive species in North America?
A)The Carolina parakeet
B)Kudzu vine
C)The passenger pigeon
D)The starling
E)Both B and D are invasive species
Q4) The Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s sought to eliminate discrimination against African Americans,including discrimination in ________ and ________.
Q5) Compare and contrast the factors that influence the location of primary and secondary sector industries versus tertiary and quaternary sectors.
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