Introduction to European History Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to European History provides a comprehensive overview of the major events, movements, and figures that have shaped Europe from antiquity to the present. The course examines key developments such as the rise and fall of empires, the impact of religious and philosophical ideas, socio-economic transformations, revolutions, nation-state formation, and the interplay between war and diplomacy. Through critical analysis of primary and secondary sources, students gain insights into the cultural, political, and intellectual legacies that continue to influence modern Europe, fostering a deeper understanding of the continent's diverse and interconnected past.
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The Western Experience 10th Edition by Mortimer Chambers
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The First Civilizations
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Q1) The Phoenicians' greatest contribution to Western culture was A)the simplified alphabet.
B)purple cloth.
C)seafaring skills.
D)urban civilization.
E)monotheism.
Answer: A
Q2) The satrapies subject to the authority of Darius
A)were delegated little authority.
B)enjoyed considerable independence.
C)administered independently except in matters of foreign policy.
D)were not permitted to collect revenue.
E)administered independently except in matters of justice.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: The Forming of Greek Civilizations
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Q1) Minoan civilization reached its height
A)between 2600 and 2200 B.C.
B)around 1900 B.C.
C)between 1550 and 1400 B.C.
D)between 1300 and 1100 B.C.
E)between 1600 and 1100 B.C.
Answer: C
Q2) The basic means of livelihood for citizens of the Greek city-state was
A)the trades and crafts of the middle class.
B)industry and technology.
C)public works and warfare.
D)agriculture.
E)warfare.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Classical and Hellenistic Greece
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Epicurus. Answer: Epicurus was an ancient Greek philosopher who founded the school of philosophy called Epicureanism. He lived from 341-270 BCE and his teachings focused on the pursuit of happiness and the avoidance of pain. Epicurus believed that the highest good was to seek pleasure and live a life of tranquility, free from fear and anxiety.
The significance of Epicurus lies in his contributions to ethical philosophy and his emphasis on the importance of pleasure and the absence of pain in achieving a good life. His ideas challenged the prevailing beliefs of his time and continue to influence modern discussions on happiness and well-being. Epicureanism also had a significant impact on later philosophical movements, including Stoicism and utilitarianism.
Overall, Epicurus' philosophy has had a lasting impact on the way we think about the pursuit of happiness and the role of pleasure in a fulfilling life.
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Chapter 4: The Roman Republic
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Q1) The Roman constitution was
A)a written document.
B)a set of procedures and customs.
C)a frequently appended document.
D)determined by the power of certain clans.
E)None of these answers is correct.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: patricians.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: First Triumvirate.
Q4) The Second Triumvirate of Mark Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus captured Rome by challenging the authority of
A)the Assembly of Tribunes.
B)the army.
C)the Senate.
D)the Praetorian Guard.
E)Bologna.
Q5) Review the feature entitled "The Murder of Julius Caesar" in this chapter.Explain the symbolic significance of the statue of Pompey in this account.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Praetorian Guard.
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Chapter 5: The Empire and Christianity
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Essenes.
Q2) Which is NOT true of cities in the first centuries of the Roman Empire?
A)Many citizens lived in poor housing.
B)Good systems of water supply and waste disposal existed.
C)People could not rely on the protection of the law outside the urban areas.
D)Many cities also had suburbs.
E)Rome's working classes did not have access to the system of aqueducts.
Q3) When Diocletian decided that the Empire was too large to be ruled by one individual, the Empire had been effectively ruled by one emperor for almost two centuries.What factors explain Diocletian's decision to share rule? What had changed internally and externally between the time of the "five good emperors" and the time of Diocletian?
Q4) Early Christianity has often been characterized as an urban religion.Use maps 5.5 and 5.6 to argue for or against this assessment.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Jerome.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Jesus of Nazareth.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: curia.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: the Vulgate.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Mithraism.
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Chapter 6: The Making of Western Europe
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Q1) Much of what we know of early German society derives from which of the following authors?
A)Bede the Venerable
B)Isidore of Seville
C)Clovis
D)Tacitus
E)Justinian the Great
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Ulfila.
Q3) The Council of Whitby in 663 determined that
A)all Christians in Gaul must practice Arian rather than Roman Christianity.
B)the Visigoths would give up all territory in Gaul after their defeat by Clovis.
C)all monasteries would follow the Rule of St.Benedict.
D)Arianism was a heretical belief.
E)Roman rather than Irish Christianity would be practiced in England.
Q4) How did the Early Middle Ages, and by implication the entire medieval period as well as Western civilization, represent a fusion of Christian, Roman, and Germanic cultures? What did each contribute to this new civilization?
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Gregory the Great.
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Chapter 7: The Empires of the Early Middle Ages 800-1000:
Creation and Erosion
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Q1) The schism between the Eastern and Western Churches was provoked by A)papal claims of supremacy.
B)disagreement over whether priests could or could not marry.
C)the emergence of Rome as the most powerful city in the Mediterranean.
D)linguistic, theological, and cultural differences.
E)the founding of Constantinople.
Q2) An important Spanish-Islamic scholar on Aristotle that helped shape Western philosophy was A)Córdoba.
B)ibn-Rushd.
C)Rhazes.
D)Alhambra.
E)Harun al-Rashid.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Muhammad.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Danelaw.
Q5) Consider the photographs of Islamic architecture seen in this chapter.Why did this type of architecture emphasize open spaces and running water?
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Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Louis the Pious.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Umayyads.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Alcuin.
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Chapter 8: Restoration of an Ordered Society
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Q1) Review the feature entitled "A Twelfth-Century Description of London" in this chapter.What does the account imply about life and living conditions in a medieval city?
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Alexius Comnenus.
Q3) The primary goal of papal reform was to
A)enforce lay investiture.
B)eliminate the College of Cardinals from the election of the pope.
C)free the papacy from military dependence on the German Empire.
D)deprive Henry IV of his empire.
E)abolish the decrees of the Concordat of Worms.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Henry IV.
Q5) What was the most distinctive feature of twelfth-century urban life?
A)social hierarchy dominated by a closed aristocracy of patricians
B)nobles and great landlords moving from the country into towns
C)the dominance of artisans and craftspeople in urban government
D)the decline in overseas trade
E)opportunities for vertical social mobility
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: fealty.
Q7) What were the motives behind the crusades? Evaluate their outcomes.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Teutonic Knights.
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Chapter 9: The Flowering of Medieval Civilization
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: troubadour.
Q2) Review the "Abelard's Sic et Non" feature in this chapter.Why did Church authorities believe Abelard's writings were dangerous? Cite specific sections and explain their significance and repercussions.
Q3) Scholasticism is the term used to describe
A)the curriculum taught at medieval universities.
B)the dominant guilds of Italian universities.
C)the application of logic to Christian dogma.
D)Anselm's argument that "faith seeks to understand."
E)the production of scholarly texts in monasteries.
Q4) Why was consolidation of royal authority so much more difficult in France than in England?
Q5) One of the outcomes of the Fourth Lateran Council was the A)increased role of women in the clergy.
B)decrease in trials by battle.
C)decline in the authority of the pope in declaring Church dogma.
D)election of Innocent III as pope.
E)schism with Greek Orthodox Church.
Q6) Explain what is meant by the reconciliation of faith and reason that characterized Scholasticism.
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Chapter 10: The Urban Economy and the Consolidation of States
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Q1) The House of Commons consists of
A)Knights of the Shire.
B)representatives for the larger towns.
C)Knights of the Shire and Convocations.
D)town representatives and Knights of the Shire.
E)lower-rank nobility and town representatives.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Beguines.
Q3) Consider the illustrations in this chapter depicting women engaged in commercial pursuits.What roles did women play in the medieval economy?
Q4) Philip IV called the Estates General during his reign in order to
A)inform the assemblies of his policies.
B)confiscate property from Jews.
C)vote in new taxes and revenues.
D)seek their approval to confiscate the property of the Knights Templars.
E)receive their advice regarding Boniface VIII and the Unam Sanctam.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: double-entry bookkeeping.
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Q6) How did cultural developments in the High Middle Ages resonate with medieval culture on the one hand, but on the other, herald the emergence of new ways of thinking?
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Chapter 11: Breakdown and Renewal in an Age of Plague
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Q1) Review the feature entitled "The Trial of Joan of Arc" in this chapter.What inspired Joan of Arc more, her faith or her loyalty to the French king? How were those factors related?
Q2) The Ciompi was an example of
A)peasant revolts in Italy and Spain.
B)urban unrest in Flanders.
C)the Jacquerie Revolt in France.
D)urban class tensions.
E)attempts by the nobility to reinstate serfdom.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Alfonso V.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Philip VI.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Richard III.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Christine de Pisan.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Calais.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Rouen.
Q9) What kinds of obstacles to consolidation did the leaders of the Italian states confront in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries?
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Q10) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Hundred Years' War.
Chapter 12: Tradition and Change in European Culture,
1300-1500
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Q1) Review the feature entitled "Isabella d'Este's Quest for Art" in this chapter.What do these extracts indicate about Isabella d'Este's responsibilities in the household of her husband? Would you consider her a traditional wife? Why or why not?
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Donatello.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a correct match?
A)Raphael: constructed dome on Florence's cathedral
B)Michelangelo: sculpted David for the city of Florence
C)Leonardo: engineer as well as painter
D)Titian: preeminent portrait painter of Europe
E)Botticelli: Birth of Venus
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Civic Humanism.
Q5) Masaccio, Donatello, and Brunelleschi, Florentines of the early Renaissance, A)rejected works of the ancient world as models for the new art.
B)were unable to master the sculpting and engineering techniques of the Romans.
C)avoided depicting the naked human form.
D)stressed balance and harmony in design and the importance of the individual human figure.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Dürer.
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Chapter 13: Reformations in Religion
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT true of women in the sixteenth-century Roman Catholic Church?
A)Mystics like St.Teresa were immediately welcomed by the Church because of the power of their visions.
B)An increasing number of religious orders were founded for them to join.
C)Through their charity work, they played a crucial role in the Counter-Reformation.
D)They were not participants at the council of Trent.
E)Their devotion was especially notable in Spain.
Q2) Zwingli departed from Luther's ideas in which of the following ways?
A)Zwingli wanted to simplify religious practices.
B)Zwingli believed that baptism was symbolic.
C)Zwingli emphasized the role of the individual believer.
D)Zwingli based his ideas on Scripture and faith.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: justification.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Counter-Reformation.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Henry VIII.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: anticlericalism.
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Chapter 14: Economic Expansion and a New Politics
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Q1) Henry VIII's break with Rome
A)came at the recommendation of Sir Thomas More.
B)strengthened the power of the Parliament of England.
C)pleased Emperor Charles V.
D)infuriated Martin Luther.
E)undermined the power of the Parliament.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Charles VIII.
Q3) The early European settlers in the New World were
A)encouraged by officials to intermarry with natives.
B)composed of equal numbers of men and women.
C)driven to leave Europe by hardship at home.
D)mostly aristocrats motivated by the chance for independent command or the allure of fortune.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Machiavelli.
Q5) All monarchs faced the challenge of increasing royal revenues in the sixteenth century.Why? How did these rulers enhance their revenues?
Q6) How do selected artworks seen in this chapter suggest the enduring influence of the Renaissance, especially its influence on learning?
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Chapter 15: War and Crisis
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Charles I.
Q2) Review the feature entitled "Oliver Cromwell's Aims" in this chapter.What distinctions does Cromwell make between a king and a constable?
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: habeas corpus.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Diggers.
Q5) Compare and contrast the causes of the civil wars in England, France, and Spain.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Thirty Years' War.
Q7) Consider maps 15.1 and 15.2.How did religion and politics intertwine and clash in northwestern Europe?
Q8) How did religion during this period become both an aspect of national policy and a rallying point for national identification?
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: gentry.
Q10) Review the feature entitled "Oliver Cromwell's Aims" in this chapter.Why, on the heels of the English Civil War, did Cromwell find it prudent to refuse the offer of kingship?
Q11) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Riksdag.
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Q12) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: armada.
Q13) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Philip IV.
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Chapter 16: Culture and Society in the Age of the Scientific Revolution
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Q1) What religious, political, and social ramifications did the heliocentric model of the universe pose?
Q2) Compare and contrast the similarities and differences in the methodology of Descartes and Isaac Newton.
Q3) Why were witchcraft accusations directed primarily at old women, especially widows, during the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries?
A)There was hostility to women who appeared to be challenging their traditional subordinate status.
B)In looking for scapegoats for events that were not explicable, society usually chose those on its margins.
C)It was believed that women were so lustful that the devil could make them his slaves.
D)Elderly widows were resented by their neighbors as burdens.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q4) Review the feature entitled "Galileo and Kepler on Copernicus" in this chapter.Why did Galileo hesitate to publish his work in Italy? Why did Germany appear a more favorable environment at the time?
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: El Greco.
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Chapter 17: The Emergence of the European State System
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Q1) Describe the nature of eighteenth-century warfare.Why did kings and diplomats not hesitate to resort to war as an instrument of national policy?
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: balance of power.
Q3) A major difference between the ideas of Thomas Hobbes and John Locke was that
A)Locke rejected the idea of a social contract.
B)Locke thought that humans live peacefully in the state of nature.
C)Hobbes believed that the ruled have no right to rebel against the sovereign.
D)Hobbes rejected private property.
E)Locke rejected private property.
Q4) Explain the conditions that prompted the nobilities of England and France to assist rather than prevent the centralization of the state.How did the nobilities and aristocracies of Sweden and Poland prevent the formation of a centralized state?
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: workhouses.
Q6) Explain how the gentry surpassed the nobility in assuming a greater role and responsibility in the governance of England.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Hobbes.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Seven Years' War.
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Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: St.Petersburg.
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Chapter 18: The Wealth of Nations
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: enclosures.
Q2) Britain defeated France in the French and Indian War because
A)Britain had the support of the native Indian population.
B)Britain was superior at sea.
C)Britain had superior military forces.
D)the French were spread thinly in North America.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: open-field system.
Q4) Which of the following did NOT contribute to England's advantage over France in the advance of industrialization?
A)an efficient transportation system
B)the equal division of land among the heirs to noble families
C)religious toleration
D)better financial institutions
E)the custom of primogeniture
Q5) Review the feature entitled "Richard Arkwright's Achievement" in this chapter.What, according to this passage, was one of the major problems associated with the introduction of the factory system?
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: West Indies.
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Chapter 19: The Age of Enlightenment
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Fanny Burney.
Q2) How can the Enlightenment be described as a basically urban phenomenon?
Q3) Mary Wollstonecraft argued that
A)women were kept in a weak state by society.
B)the answer to women's condition was education.
C)Rousseau's vision of women was incorrect.
D)Rousseau's theories be extended to women.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Emile.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Henry Fielding.
Q6) Do you agree that the Enlightenment substituted "the religion of science" for "the religion of Christianity"?
Q7) How did Jean-Jacques Rousseau represent both the values of the Enlightenment and a rejection of the values of the Enlightenment?
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: G.L.Buffon.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Beethoven.
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Q10) Review the feature entitled "Mary Wollstonecraft on the Education of Women" in this chapter.Is Wollstonecraft arguing that women should receive the same education as men, or that women should behave like men?
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Chapter 20: The French Revolution
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Q1) How are the three estates depicted in the pamphlet found in this chapter?
Q2) Consider the illustration of women on the march depicted in this chapter.What was the role of women in the French Revolution? How are they portrayed here?
Q3) The Assembly extended civil and political equality to A)women.
B)Jews.
C)mulattoes.
D)Jews and free people of color.
E)propertied women.
Q4) The American colonies of Britain shared in the revolutionary impulses that swept across late eighteenth-century Europe, yet the political changes that occurred there were very different.How did the American colonies differ from the European states, and what made their revolution unique?
Q5) What do the illustrations found in this chapter indicate about the use of violence during the French Revolution?
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Third Estate.
Q7) Discuss the political ideal and practices of the sans-culottes.How did they differ from those of the Jacobins?
Page 25
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Chapter 21: The Age of Napoleon
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Q1) Why did Napoleon court the favor of the Catholic Church yet issue the Concordat of 1801?
Q2) The Spanish
A)organized committees to resist the French.
B)rioted against French troops.
C)established the model for guerrilla warfare fighting against French troops.
D)resisted harsh French pacification tactics.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q3) Robespierre fell from power because
A)his enemies decided to act against him.
B)he had lost the fervent support of the sans-culottes.
C)the Convention no longer needed him.
D)moderates had turned against him.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q4) Consider the works by Goya seen in this chapter.How did he portray the conflict? Do you detect any sympathies on his part?
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: the Directory.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Battle of Jena.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Dos de Mayo.
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Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Napoleonic Code.
Chapter 22: Foundations of Nineteenth Century Europe
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Francis I.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: German Confederation.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Chamber of Deputies.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: differentiation.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Congress of Vienna.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: St.Helena.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Metternich.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Lajos Kossuth.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: John Wilkinson.
Q10) Review the feature entitled "Policing Universities-The Carlsbad Decrees" in this chapter.How did these decrees seek to preserve the status quo?
Q11) Consider the illustration of the Crystal Palace found in this chapter.How did the international exhibition showcase the triumph of industrialization within England?
Q12) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Thomas Savery.
Q13) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: the Hundred Days.
Q14) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Magyars.
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Chapter 23: States and Nations in the Nineteenth Century, 1830-1870
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Louis Napoleon Bonaparte.
Q2) Discuss the connection between the rise of nationalism and the rise of the middle class.
Q3) The creation of a public culture in nineteenth-century European states was aided by
A)a vast extension of aristocratic patronage.
B)the tendency of authors to write for an audience of intimate friends.
C)the building of many new theaters, museums, and opera houses.
D)the practice of newspapers being funded by subscription rather than advertising.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q4) Consider the illustration in this chapter of the rebuilding of Paris.How do you think Haussmann's plans to rebuild Paris were received?
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Dual Monarchy.
Q6) Examine the factors that led to the outbreak and failure of the revolutions of 1848.How did those factors differ from country to country?
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Congress of Paris.
Page 28
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Chapter 24: Progress and Its Discontents
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: German Social Democrats.
Q2) In 1900, which of the following parties was founded in Britain?
A)the Conservative party
B)the Labour party
C)the Liberal party
D)the Whig party
E)the Socialist party
Q3) Karl Marx argued that
A)as industrialization progresses, the middle class will become larger.
B)the class which controls the means of production determines society's laws, values, and cultural forms.
C)in the future post-capitalist society, the state will ensure that all people are treated equally.
D)the middle class was anti-progressive.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Charles Darwin.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Paris Commune.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: proletariat.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: thermodynamics.
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Chapter 25: Nineteenth-Century Empires
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Q1) Imperialism shaped gender among white Europeans in which of the following ways?
A)Women were expected to prevent miscegenation.
B)Women were expected to encourage miscegenation.
C)Men were encouraged to curb their aggressive masculinity by participating in empire.
D)Men were expected to defend European morality by participating in movements like abolitionism.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Manchuria.
Q3) Britain and the U.S.abolished the slave trade in A)1803. B)1807.
C)1834.
D)1865. E)1888.
Q4) Review the feature entitled "Macaulay's Minute on Indian Education" in this chapter.What problems did Macaulay find with the use of English in India?
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Boer War.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: world's fair.
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Chapter 26: World War I and the War It Created
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Entente Cordiale.
Q2) A lasting result of World War I was that A)women realized they did not want to work outside the home.
B)governments assumed new responsibilities for social services and economic planning.
C)crime and juvenile delinquency declined from prewar levels.
D)people felt greater faith in the governments that had guided them through the war.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q3) How does the Treaty of Versailles represent a continuation of the prewar vision of a better world through progressive liberalism? What aspects of the treaty represent an abandonment of this view to national and imperial interests?
Q4) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Clemenceau.
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Triple Alliance.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Paris Peace Conference.
Q7) Review the feature entitled "German Inflation" in this chapter.What do you think the German Statistical Office was trying to accomplish with the publication of this piece?
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Chapter 27: The Great Twentieth-Century Crisis
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Einstein.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: James Joyce.
Q3) In what ways was fascism akin to socialism?
A)It repudiated parliamentary government and liberal individualism.
B)It advocated the welfare of the masses.
C)It advocated the abolition of private property.
D)It both advocated the welfare of the masses and repudiated parliamentary government and liberal individualism.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q4) Review the feature entitled "Fascist Doctrine" in this chapter.How have romanticism, nationalism, and social Darwinism shaped the ideas in this passage?
Q5) To many contemporaries the new forms of art and literature influenced by Freudian theories were symptoms of serious social malaise.Describe some of the movements in the arts and letters during the inter-war period, and explain how they could be so disturbing to the average person.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Ethiopia.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: penicillin.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Spengler.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Führer.
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Chapter 28: The Nightmare: World War II
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Nagasaki.
Q2) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: blitzkrieg.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Rome-Berlin Axis.
Q4) Review the Historical Issues feature entitled "The Historians' Debate on German Genocide" in this chapter.Friedlander's argument contends that German elite education combined with German nationalism to produce the Holocaust.Why then did the Holocaust not occur in European countries such as England and France?
Q5) Review the feature entitled "Churchill Sees an Iron Curtain" in this chapter.Is Churchill actually making a distinction between the "Russians" and the "Soviets"? If so, what is the distinction and why is Churchill making it?
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Stalingrad.
Q7) Among the issues faced by the government of the fourth French Republic was
A)instability.
B)class conflict.
C)cold war polarization.
D)de Gaulle.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Iwo Jima.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Potsdam.
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Chapter 29: Europe in the Postwar ERA
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Willy Brandt.
Q2) Describe the political shifts that occurred in France, Italy, West Germany and Great Britain in the late 1970s through the early 1980s.
Q3) Pope John Paul called the Vatican Council in 1962 known as Vatican II in order to A)move the Catholic Church back to more traditional values.
B)bring the Catholic Church up to date not just organizationally but in social policy as well.
C)put more emphasis on institutional uniformity.
D)keep the leadership of the Church from becoming too international.
E)All these answers are correct.
Q4) Looking at the photo of gasoline lines found in this chapter, describe the aftermath of the energy crisis of 1973.Which political party gained more prominence in Europe after the crisis?
Q5) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Bauhaus school.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Sun Yat-Sen.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Rowlatt Acts.
Q8) Describe the causes and aftermath of the revolutions of 1968.Why did they fail?
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Gandhi.
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Chapter 30: Europe in the Global ERA
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Q1) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Single Europe Act.
Q2) The largest ethnic group in the former Soviet Union was the A)Ukrainians.
B)Russians.
C)Azerbaijanis.
D)Armenians.
E)Georgians.
Q3) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Mitterand.
Q4) Review the feature entitled "A Turkish Girl Arrives in Germany" in this chapter.Why was Aynur only able to form friendships with German homosexuals and drug addicts? What do they have in common?
Q5) Describe "postindustrial" society.
Q6) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Havel.
Q7) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: terrorism.
Q8) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Honecker.
Q9) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: fundamentalism.
Q10) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: neo-Nazis.
Q11) How has European society been transformed by its commitment to social welfare?
Q12) Identify/define and explain the significance of the following: Reagan. Page 35
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