Chapter 1: What Is Educational Research
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Q1) Describe in detail how research is more than simply gathering information.
Answer: Answers would ideally include: Research should be inquisitive or have some sort of clear and focused guiding question the researcher is attempting to answer. Further, research should be original, not simply the collection and organization of previously published stories and accounts. Finally, research, as opposed to simply gathering information, should be objective, meaning that the researcher should attempt to objectively study the topic, not in a way that supports the results they would like to find.
Q2) Which of the following is true of educational research?
A) It begins with answers.
B) It is inquisitive.
C) It has predetermined outcomes.
D) It is trivial.
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following accurately describe educational research?
A) Educational research should be beneficial, meaningful, and significant.
B) Educational research has outcomes that are predetermined.
C) Educational research is not scientific.
D) Educational research is conclusive.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Overview of the Educational Research Process
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Q1) ______ data can be collected through the use of field notes, journals, or even videotaping.
A) Questionnaire
B) Examination
C) Observational
D) Existing Answer: C
Q2) If a researcher wishes to collect observational data, he or she may opt to videotape the participants.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Which section of an educational research reports do readers sometimes "skip ahead" and read?
A) data analysis
B) final conclusions
C) research questions
D) literature review
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Ethics in Educational Research
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Q1) Analyze the components of an informed consent form.
Q2) According to Gay and colleagues (2009), researchers sometimes observe unethical participant behavior; in these instances, researchers should ______.
A) report the observations
B) remain silent
C) make the decision whether to report observations or remain silent
D) confront the participant
Q3) The formal consent form actually describes what participation in a study will entail.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe what it meant by "vulnerable populations."
Q5) Which of the following characterizes informed consent?
A) It denotes the time commitment required.
B) It is informal.
C) It asks for an optional signature from participants.
D) It outlines all parts of the study.
Q6) Why do children provide assent, not consent?
Q7) What is informed consent?
Q8) Describe FERPA and it's role in educational research.
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Chapter 5: Reviewing Related Research Literature
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Q1) What is the proper format of a literature review?
A) It should be written as an annotated bibliography.
B) It should be written as a cohesive essay.
C) It should be as lengthy as possible.
D) It should be written as an overview.
Q2) A(n) ______ is an article that has been reviewed by a group of experts who have provided feedback and deemed it worthy of publication, presentation, or another form of dissemination.
A) expository
B) literature review
C) expose
D) refereed manuscript
Q3) The worth of a research topic is directly proportional to the amount of literature available on that topic.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the differences between primary and secondary sources.
Q5) What does it mean when a citation in ERIC has an option called "direct link?"
Q6) Describe the components of what's included in document citation pages.
Q7) What are three of the additional databases listed in Chapter 5?
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Chapter 6: Qualitative Research Methods
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Q1) A(n) ______ involves the experiences of a person's life but is told by the individual who is the subject of the study.
A) autobiographical study
B) biographical study
C) authentic study
D) generic story
Q2) One of the most distinguishing features of qualitative research is that it occurs in a natural setting.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain the differences among the commonly used qualitative research designs.
Q4) Ethnographic research is designed to understand one person or situation in great depth.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Examples of qualitative data include ______.
A) intangible sources
B) records
C) ideas
D) numerical data
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Chapter 7: Quantitative Research Methods
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Q1) Describe random selection and random assignment.
Q2) Gay, Mills, and Airasian (2009) point out that qualitative research involves ______.
A) numerical data
B) data in narrative or visual form
C) qualitative or mixed-methods studies
D) only observation
Q3) When using web or e-mail surveys, a 50% response rate may be acceptable.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Quantitative researchers analyze data ______.
A) early
B) inductively
C) statistically
D) rigidly
Q5) Mail surveys are, typically, cost-effective for acquiring a large sampling of individuals.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Discuss the strengths and limitations of correlational research.
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Chapter 9: Action Research
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Q1) The purpose of practical action research is to improve the quality of organizations, communities, and family lives.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe self-reflection in the process of action research.
Q3) Rigor is typically associated with the term ______ in quantitative studies.
A) credibility
B) accuracy
C) reliability
D) dependability
Q4) A possible and common topic area for action research studies is ______.
A) identifying a problem
B) analyzing data independently
C) manipulating control conditions
D) replicating previous research
Q5) List the techniques that can be used to enhance rigor in action research studies.
Q6) Discuss one strength of action research.
Q7) The text provides five possible and common outcomes of action research studies. Provide at least three of these outcomes.
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Chapter 10: Writing a Research Proposal
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Q1) Describe a qualitative research proposal.
Q2) Describe the parts of a research proposal.
Q3) Describe the instrumentation section in a quantitative research proposal.
Q4) Describe the researcher's role section in a qualitative research proposal.
Q5) Which of the following is not, typically, included in the introductory section of a research proposal?
A) an explanation of the funding requirements
B) background information related to the topic or problem
C) a rationale or justification for the study
D) specification of the research questions and/or hypotheses
Q6) A proposed budget is always required in the proposal.
A)True
B)False
Q7) The goal of any study is to ______.
A) examine sequentially and divergently
B) examine divergently and analytically
C) answer the research questions or judge hypotheses
D) analyze participatory and practical data types
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Q8) List components commonly found in the methodology section of a research proposal.
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Chapter 11: Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis
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Q1) Explain the participant-observer continuum.
Q2) Describe typical sampling.
Q3) Describe the types of classroom observation.
Q4) In qualitative research, the researcher selects particular people or sites that help explain and describe the phenomenon under study.
A)True
B)False
Q5) ______ involves the intentional selection of individuals and sites to learn about or understand the topic at hand.
A) Random sampling
B) Stratified sampling
C) Purposeful sampling
D) Proactive sampling
Q6) An alternative to observing people is to ask them questions directly.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Explain how researchers decide what type of sampling to use in qualitative studies.
Q8) Explain the rationale for the sample size in qualitative research.
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Chapter 12: Quantitative Data Collection
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Q1) Which of the following is true of nonprobability sampling methods?
A) They plan for systematic development.
B) They lack randomization.
C) They plan systematic approaches.
D) They occur at the end of the study.
Q2) List and describe the four types of measurement scales.
Q3) What is the difference between purposive sampling and convenience sampling?
Q4) Which of the following is true of stratified sampling?
A) can only capture limited perspective
B) delineates all populations
C) is not part of quantitative research
D) selects from strata
Q5) Describe a measurement scale.
Q6) Standardized tests exist in a wide variety, ranging in type, purpose, and resulting data (i.e., scores).
A)True
B)False
Q7) The larger the population size means the sample should be larger as well.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 13: Quantitative Data Analysis
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Q1) Parameter indices are usually symbolized by ______, while their sample counterparts are usually symbolized by ______.
A) Latin letters; Greek letters
B) Greek letters; Latin letters
C) Greek letters; English or Roman letters
D) English or Roman letters; Greek letters
Q2) Variance is symbolized by ______.
A) SD
B) SD²
C) sd
D) sd²
Q3) Which of the following does not describe frequency distributions?
A) useful for variables that are measured on nominal or ordinal scales
B) useful for variables that are measured on interval or ratio scales
C) extremely efficient way to simplify and summarize data
D) provide a mechanism for checking the accuracy of data
Q4) Explain common techniques for descriptive analysis in quantitative research.
Q5) Describe one aspect of preparing data for quantitative analysis.
Q6) Discuss the concept of standard error and how it is useful to researchers.
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Q7) Explain the common techniques for inferential analysis in quantitative research.
Chapter 14: Writing a Final Research Report
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Q1) It is important for researchers to familiarize themselves with stylistic guidelines because ______.
A) it improves education, in general, by incorporating change
B) scholarly journals typically allow you to use your preferred method
C) each university or graduate school has a preference
D) it allows you to bias your research to positive results
Q2) The APA manual is arguably the most commonly used style guide in the broad field of education.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In most cases, the dissemination of research occurs in the form of ______.
A) a dissertation
B) a thesis
C) a final research report
D) a professional presentation
Q4) Titles of research reports should contain at least 15 words.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe anonymity and confidentiality as they pertain to writing research reports.
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