Introduction to Early Childhood Exam Bank
Course Introduction
This course provides an overview of the field of early childhood education, exploring foundational theories, principles, and practices that support the development and learning of young children from birth to age eight. Students will examine historical perspectives, the role of families and communities, and the influence of cultural, social, and economic factors on child development. Key topics include developmental domains, observation and assessment techniques, guidance strategies, and the importance of play. The course also introduces students to program models, professional standards, and ethical practices essential for working effectively with young children in educational and care settings.
Recommended Textbook
Positive Child Guidance 8th Edition by Darla Ferris Miller
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11 Chapters
1052 Verified Questions
1052 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Why Guidance Matters
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85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The effect of the environment on children, interestingly, is ____________.
Answer: reciprocal
Q2) Never before has there been such acute awareness of the influence early caregivershave on young lives.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) What are the advantages and disadvantages of using behavior modification methodswith children?
Answer: Such methods are useful for changing mindless habits and may be essential forassisting children who have intellectual disabilities or some other special needs.Otherstrategies are usually more helpful for developing internal self-discipline and self-controlin typically developing children.
Q4) One short-term goal of child guidance is to guide children in learning how to protecttheir own individual human rights.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Historical Perspectives and Guidance Theories
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101 Verified Questions
101 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adults rarely have difficulty changing old habit patterns in dealing with children once they knowthe habits are unproductive.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Good citizens are cooperative, self-reliant, responsible, and willing to act in the best interest oftheir community.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Maturationists believe that behavior and learning hinge on ____________________ processessuch as maturation and motivation.
Answer: internal
Q4) By the early 1900s, momentum had begun to build promoting the ____________________ studyof the development of children and the dissemination of pertinent information to parents.
Answer: scientific
Q5) Child care has brought_____________ to many children's lives.
Answer: new levels of structure
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Chapter 3: Understanding Childrens Behavior
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Egocentrism is the inability to
A)manipulate small objects.
B)differentiate oneself from others.
C)view reality from the standpoint of another.
D)plan behaviors before they occur.
Answer: C
Q2) Toddlers should not be allowed to play with other children unless they agree to sharetoys.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) In Erik Erikson's psychosocial stages of human development, babies from birth to one yearmust deal with a developmental crisis he called
Answer: trust vs.mistrust
Q4) Describe effective child guidance for school-aged children.
Answer: Adults should be firm, fair, reasonable, and caring, and let each individual child knowthat he or she is liked and respected.Adults must provide a great deal of support, affection, andpatience during the school years so that children's self-esteem and confidence stay intact.
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Chapter 4: How to Observe Children
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51 Verified Questions
51 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A(n) ____________________ record is an attempt to record in detail a specific episode that is ofparticular interest or concern.
Q2) Which of the following is an example of an opinion?
A)The music was on in the infant room on Tuesday, and Kyle did not sleep.
B)Kyle's body was moving, and he turned his head back and forth several times on the cribmattress.
C)Kyle twisted his body and attempted to turn over in the direction of the music.
D)Babies can't sleep when music is playing.
E)None of these is an example of an opinion.
Q3) To interpret what has been observed, knowledge of child development in general as well as of theunique development of an individual child is necessary.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are observations used for in DAP?
Q5) In a(n) ____________________ account, a specific type of behavior is noted each time it occurs.
Q6) What is time sampling?
Q7) Give three examples of adult bias.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Serving Culturally Diverse Children and Families
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101 Verified Questions
101 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The development of prejudice and discrimination in youth harms the developmentof a group identity.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Young children tend to adapt much more quickly and easily to an unknownenvironment than do adults and adolescents, and they definitely learn foreign____________________ more easily.
Q3) Depending on their environment, children may already be intensely aware of theircultural identity by the age of five.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Social-emotional intelligence
A)is comprised of interrelated emotional and social skills.
B)was developed by Rousseau.
C)was emphasized by Vygotsky.
D)builds a foundation for success and happiness in life.
E)both is comprised of interrelated emotional and social skills and builds a foundationsuccess and happiness in life.
Q5) How does culture affect social role expectations?
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Chapter 6: Understanding Children With Ability Differences
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101 Verified Questions
101 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Typical behaviors of ADHD include
A)extraordinary difficulty concentrating or paying attention most of the time.
B)uncomfortable speaking up.
C)good self-control.
D)none of these.
Q2) DAP requires careful ____________________ and record keeping.
Q3) Typically, when parents learn that their child has a serious ability difference they experiencemonths or years on a rollercoaster ride of overwhelming ____________________.
Q4) Children with ____________________ need developmentally appropriate learning environmentsas much as or more than typically developing children.
Q5) Children are bombarded every day with messages from the television, radio, magazines, moviesand other public images indicating that it's not okay to be____________________.
Q6) Unattractive children are commonly ____________________ preferred as playmates by otherchildren.
Q7) Describe Child Find.
Q8) Children ____________________ what they don't understand.
Q9) Why is inclusion important for children with ability differences?
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Chapter 7: Designing Developmentally Appropriate
Environments Inside and Out
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurturing adult is willing to be both assertive and ____________________ at the same time.
Q2) Describe some discovery learning activities that one would find in a DAP environment.
Q3) To improve transition times, preschoolers should be trained to stand quietly in straight lines andto walk silently from area to area without making a sound.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Unhappy children are more likely to behave in prosocial ways.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How can we expand or change a child's consistent, predictable routines?
Q6) List some of the possible causes of antisocial behavior in children.
Q7) Child-directed activities allow children to work and play at their own
Q8) Child-directed play helps children to learn sharing, ____________________, and self-advocacyskills.
Q9) Children ____________________ complain to adults when personal rights have been violated. Page 9
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Page 10
Chapter 8: Building Relationships Through Positive Communication
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95 Verified Questions
95 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________________ begin to stubbornly resist the hovering adult care that was necessary to their survival as infants.
Q2) Crucial conversations are an ineffective tool for conflict resolution.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Why is it important for adults to actively listen?
Q4) Toddlers and young preschoolers tend to be more ____________________ in their expression of strong feelings, whereas older preschoolers and school-agers learn to express strong emotions verbally.
Q5) Is "baby talk" harmful?
Q6) When communicating, it is important that we avoid the communication pitfalls that inhibit dialogue and alienate children.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Name the three typical needs underlying requests for help.
Q8) We should begin reprimands by making an initial ____________________ statement of some kind to show empathy.
Q9) ____________________ is necessary to distinguish assertiveness from stubbornness. Page 11
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Chapter 9: Fundamental Causes of Positive and Negative Behavior
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68 Verified Questions
68 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychologist Mary Rothbart developed the Measurement of ____________________ in Infancy, which assesses activity level, soothability, fear, distress when faced with limitations, smiling and laughing, and length of time paying attention to single objects.
Q2) The stage is set for rebellion when a situation exists in which a child cannot live up to adult expectations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Moral development is the process by which human beings learn to monitor their own actions, decide whether a tempting behavior is "good" or "bad," and inhibit inappropriate impulses.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The word inappropriate suggests fault or blame.
A)True
B)False
Q5) When a child has ____________________ the standards of his or her adult role models, the child begins to experience the emotional component of morality, or moral affect.
Q6) Describe two settings that are likely to trigger rebellion in young children. Page 13
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Page 14
Chapter 10: Effective Guidance Interventions
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How can adults teach children to anticipate potential consequences of their actions? Give an example.
Q2) If a child's inappropriate sexual behavior seems persistent and oddly unchild-like, adults should seek the advice of a(n) ____________________.
Q3) How should you respond to biting?
Q4) Discussion is usually ineffective with preschoolers, so they should simply be told to follow rules or suffer the consequences.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Toddlers who touch, talk about, or point to their genitals should immediately be stopped and helped to understand that their behavior is wrong and won't be tolerated. A)True
B)False
Q6) Adults should remember to clarify their ____________________ for preschoolers by describing the desired behavior in simple, positive, concrete terms.
Q7) The enforcement of rules should not hinge on the adult's ____________________ at a given point in time.
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Chapter 11: Mistaken Goals, Motivation, and Mindfulness
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94 Verified Questions
94 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Repeating patterns of inducing pleasurable or reassuring sensations
A)is a way children make themselves feel better.
B)includes thumb-sucking, hair-twisting, nail-biting, or rocking.
C)is called cyclical self-stimulation.
D)is a way children reduce feelings of stress.
E)all of these.
Q2) At the heart of almost any behavior lies the desire to be the center of attention.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Adults must recognize and address their own needs and imperfections in order to be effective in child guidance.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Self-esteem has been identified as a characteristic that seems closely tied to school success and social adjustment.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Inhibited children sometimes turn all their bad feelings
Page 16
Q6) How can adults best deal with a child who is "artificially charming"?
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