Introduction to Early Childhood Education
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Introduction to Early Childhood Education provides an overview of the theories, principles, and practices that form the foundation of early childhood education. This course explores the developmental stages of young children from birth through age eight, examining physical, cognitive, social, and emotional growth. Students learn about various educational approaches, curriculum planning, the importance of play, classroom management strategies, and the role of families and communities in supporting early learning. The course also addresses issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion, equipping students with the knowledge and skills needed to create nurturing, responsive, and effective learning environments for young children.
Recommended Textbook
Effective Practices in Early Childhood Education Building a Foundation 2nd Edition by Sue Bredekamp
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16 Chapters
318 Verified Questions
318 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Continuity and Change in Early Childhood Education
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Q1) Which early childhood competency-based credential requires teachers to complete 120-hours of training,document at least 480 hours experience working with young children,and pass a written test?
A)Child Development Associate (CDA)
B)The Head Start program
C)The Abecedarian Project
D)Universal Prekindergarten
Answer: A
Q2) Which widely used observational tool measures the quality of an early childhood program?
A)Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale (ECERS-R)
B)Child Development Associate (CDA)
C)National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC)
D)Quality Rating System (QRS)
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Building on a Tradition of Excellence
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Q1) What was the name of the Child Study Laboratory that was launched at Yale University?</emphasis>
A)Montessori
B)WPA Nurseries</para></extract>
C)Gesell Institute
D)Bank Street
Answer: C
Q2) What was the Lanham Act?
A)Legislation that made it illegal for young children to work in the mills.
B)Legislation that that re-authorized the Head Start programs
C)Legislation that expanded the welfare to work programs for the unemployed
D)Legislation that funded child care centers to support parents during World War II
Answer: D
Q3) Whose work influenced the kindergarten movement in the United States?
A)Friedrich Froebel
B)John Locke
C)Marie Montessori
D)John Dewey
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Understanding and Applying Developmentally Appropriate Practice
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Q1) According to the textbook,the ultimate goal for developmentally appropriate practices is to:
A)be sure that all children are being taught using the same material regardless of their background.
B)create programs that offer all children the same experience.
C)promote the development and enhance the learning of each individual child served.
D)allow all children access to early childhood programs.
Answer: C
Q2) Within a developmentally appropriate program,assessment:
A)determines if the teacher is effective.
B)is the process of observing,and documenting for the purpose making informed.decisions regarding the instructional practices.
C)does not include the families since they would only provide biased results.
D)is easier to complete the younger the child.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Applying What We Know About Childrens
Learning and Development
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Q1) Which term means age-related change that result from an interaction between biological maturation and physical and/or social experience?
A)Learning
B)Development
C)Windows of Opportunity
D)Maturation
Q2) Explain the effects of culture on parenting styles.
Q3) What is the type of play describes when a child uses one thing to represent something else such as a block becomes a car or a hairbrush becomes a baby bottle for a doll?
A)Functional Play
B)Constructive Play
C)Symbolic Play
D)Games with Rules
Q4) Explain how the two learning theories,behaviorism and social cognitive theory differ.
Q5) Choose one of the key theorists from this chapter Erikson,Maslow,Piaget,or Vygotsky)and describe the key components of how they believe development occurs.
Page 6
Q6) Explain why it is important to study child development.
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Chapter 5: Adapting for Individual Differences
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Q1) What part of the learning cycle of differentiated instruction is concerned with the assessment of learning?
A)Content
B)Process of Teaching
C)The Environment
D)The Products
Q2) According to Thomas and Chess,which of the following is not a characteristic of temperament?
A)Activity level
B)Attention level
C)Mood
D)IQ
Q3) What is the name of the written plan that is implemented so that a child who has been identified as needing special education and related services meets their unique needs?
A)Free Appropriate Public Education
B)Individualized Education Program
C)Goals and Objectives
D)Functional Skills Assessment
Q4) Describe the learning cycle of differentiating instruction.
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Chapter 6: Embracing a Culturally and Linguistically
Diverse World
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Q1) Which principle of effective teaching for culturally diverse learners would a teacher be practicing if she were to have conversations regarding the nature walk they had just experienced,then read and wrote about the trees and animals seen?
A)Modeling
B)Instructional Conversation
C)Language and Literacy Development
D)Nature and Concept Development
Q2) Which is an important concept to understand when referring to culture?
A)Culture is a characteristic of groups
B)Children from the same culture share the exact experiences
C)Culture is the only aspect that determines the values of a group
D)Members of a cultural group do not deviate in characteristics
Q3) Develop a list of about six questions you could ask yourself that would help you in understanding your own cultural experiences.
Q4) Provide a scenario where a teacher may inaccurately make an assessment regarding a child's competency and ability due to either the culture of the child,or that the child is learning English as well as their home language.
Q5) Define culture and then describe how culture influences a child's development.
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Chapter 7: Building Effective Partnerships With Families
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Q1) What term is used when a family experiences parental dysfunction,abuse,parental mental illness,substance abuse,and/or illness?
A)Emotionally Disturbed
B)Dismorphic
C)Special Education
D)At-Risk
Q2) Who developed the Ecological Model that provided the understanding of the influences of social and cultural on human development?
A)Piaget
B)Maslow
C)Dewey
D)Bronfenbrenner
Q3) Describe three of the seven contrasting roles of teachers and parents have in the lives of children.
Q4) Which factor is considered to be the greatest challenge for families?
A)Parent Education
B)Poverty
C)Resiliency
D)Divorce
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Chapter 8: Creating a Caring Community of Learners: Guiding Young Children
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Q1) According to Strain and Hammeter,what can teachers do so that they become more comfortable with disturbing behavior?
A)Remove the child from the class so that the teacher can be more effective with the other children
B)Report the family to social services since the parents have not been involved with trying to solve the child's problem
C)Focus on small successes and avoid blaming parents or other uncontrollable events
D)Stop looking at why the child is misbehaving and just intervene by providing consequences for the misbehavior
Q2) According to the textbook,What is any behavior that interferes with children's learning,development,and success at play;is harmful to the child,or adults;or put the a child at high-risk for later social problems or school failure?
A)Delayed Cognitive Skills
B)A Challenging Behavior
C)Social Skills
D)Cultural Responses
Q3) Provide a strategy and an example for promoting emotional literacy.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Teaching to Enhance Learning and Development
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Q1) When a teacher gives a high-five to a child for a child's persistence and effort,what has the teacher done?
A)Gave the child acknowledgement
B)Gave a model of how to perform a task
C)Gave encouragement
D)Gave quality feed-back
Q2) What kind of a question is "Why do you think the girl in the story cried"?
A)An Open-Ended Question
B)A Teacher-Initiated Question
C)A Closed-Ended Question
D)A Constructive Question
Q3) What role has the teacher taken when the teacher acts as the audience for children's play?
A)Stage Manager
B)Co-Player
C)Play Leader
D)Onlooker
Q4) Describe how teaching is both a science and art.
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Q5) Define the K-W-L organizer and explain how it is used in early childhood programs.Provide one example.
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Chapter 10: Planning Effective Curriculum
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Q1) Which type of standards are the expectations for student learning?
A)Learning Standards
B)Content Standards
C)Performance Standards
D)Licensing Standards
Q2) What is the focus in a curriculum framework?
A)Literacy
B)The process
C)The end result
D)What the child already knows and understands
Q3) Which is an example of an activity that would be found in an integrated curriculum?
A)Children count the buttons in the math center
B)The children write the letters in their name
C)Children read about a famous illustrator and then write a letter to him with samples of their own illustrations
D)The children look at a leaf with a magnifying glass
Q4) Make a checklist of five criteria you would use to review an early childhood curriculum.
Q5) Describe the phases involved in the project based curriculum approach.
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Chapter 11: Assessing Childrens Learning and Development
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Q1) The accountability movement has increased which type of testing?
A)Diagnostic Testing
B)IQ Testing
C)High-Stakes Testing
D)Formal Testing
Q2) Describe portfolios as they are used with young children and the advantages and disadvantages of the use of portfolios.
Q3) With regards to the assessment of a child with special needs,what type of change is made when a teacher allows more time for the testing procedure or enlarges the print of the material to eliminate the barriers of the child's disability that might keep them from demonstrating their full abilities?
A)Modification
B)Informal Assessment
C)Accommodation
D)Reliability
Q4) List the four basic purposes for assessment.
Q5) Provide an example of when to use informal assessments and when to use formal assessments.
Q6) Explain how teachers use assessment strategies to improve child outcomes.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Teaching Children to Communicate: Language, Literacy and the Arts
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Q1) Which one of the following is considered to be the least developmentally appropriate music or movement activity for young children?
A)Children makeup their own lyrics to songs
B)Children use simple rhythm instruments to create music.
C)Children move and dance with or without music
D)Children put on a performance for their families that they have practiced until perfected
Q2) What does the R stand for in the reading technique PEER that a teacher uses in dialogical reading?
A)The adult develops a Relationship with the children
B)The adult Responds to the child's questions
C)The adult Rephrases the question
D)The adult Repeats the prompt
Q3) List ways a teacher can promote book appreciation and motivation to read.
Q4) Describe ways in which a teacher can provide support the process in creative arts.
Q5) Explain how a teacher would support a dual language learner in an early childhood program
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Chapter 13: Teaching Children to Investigate and Solve
Problems: Mathematics, Science, and Technology
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Q1) Describe how an intentional teacher promotes science learning by carefully organizing the environment,providing focused learning experiences and information,and integrating science into children's play and everyday routines in the early childhood classroom.
Q2) How can a teacher foster observational skills in young children?
A)Tell children what they should notice
B)Have children describe,draw,and discuss what they are observing
C)Show children books of other children "doing" science
D)Provide pictures of science topics
Q3) Give an example of how mathematics can be taught in play.Provide one example for number and operation,geometry,spatial awareness,measurement,and patterning.
Q4) What cognitive ability is also called the brain's "air traffic control system?
A)Executive Function
B)Analytical Thinking
C)Adaptation
D)Deduction
Q5) Describe how technology can be used appropriately in the early childhood classroom.
Q6) Explain what is meant by the "Language of Mathematics."
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Chapter 14: Teaching Children to Live in a Democratic
Society:socialemotional Learning and Social Studies
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Q1) Which of the following is the best example of cooperative play?
A)Two children playing in the sand table
B)Four children playing fire fighter with specific roles that they planned
C)A child picking up his blocks when the teacher asks him
D)Three children taking turns on the computer
Q2) What is vital in supporting children in social and emotional development?
A)Literacy
B)Siblings
C)Control
D)Play
Q3) What helps children identify the feelings in themselves or others and to be able to express emotions in a healthy way?
A)Social Development
B)Emotional Literacy
C)Play
D)Emotional Development
Q4) List five themes or concepts that could be taught in an early childhood social studies curriculum.
Q5) Describe the steps a teacher can use to teach problem-solving skills.
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Chapter 15: Teaching Children to Be Healthy and Fit:
Physical Development and Health
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Q1) List the characteristics of an appropriate outdoor environment for young children.
Q2) When a child is running and walking what kind of movement skills is she using?
A)Locomotion Movements
B)Stability Movement
C)Gross Motor Manipulation Movement
D)Reflexive Movement
Q3) What is the primary type of development we foster in children when we provide them with an obstacle course?
A)Fine Motor
B)Gross Motor
C)Cognitive Motor
D)Limited Motor
Q4) At what age do children typically go through the fundamental movement phase?
A)Birth to age 1
B)Age 1 to age 2
C)Ages 2 to 7
D)Age 7 through adolescents
Q5) Describe the teacher's role for meeting health and safety standards in early childhood programs.
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Chapter
Children
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Q1) What is a mandated reporter required to do?
A)They are required to report how many children are in the center at one time
B)They are required by law to report maltreatment of children.
C)They are required to inform parents any time the center does not follow the proper procedures
D)They are required to inform the director if they suspect a child has a learning problem
Q2) What are personal views about what is right and wrong and how to behave?
A)Ethical Dilemmas
B)Professional Ethics
C)Ethics
D)Morality
Q3) What are the kinds of actions that are right or wrong in the workplace and are a public matter?
A)Professional Ethics
B)Ethical Responsibilities
C)Ethical Dilemmas
D)Morality
Q4) What is meant by engaging in continuous,collaborative learning to inform practice?
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