Introduction to Drugs and Behavior
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
This course explores the complex interactions between drugs and human behavior, emphasizing both the biological and psychological mechanisms underlying drug action. Students will examine a variety of psychoactive substances, including their historical uses, pharmacological effects, patterns of addiction, and the impact on society. The course covers major drug classes, such as stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and prescription medications, discussing their effects on the nervous system and behavior. In addition, ethical, prevention, and treatment issues related to substance use and abuse are considered, providing a multidisciplinary perspective on the relationship between drugs and behavior.
Recommended Textbook Drugs Society and Human Behavior 16th Edition by Hart
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Chapter 1: Drug Use: An Overview
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Q1) According to data from Monitoring the Future,an effective public policy would be to increase the perception of the risk of marijuana use because increased perception of risk causes a decrease in marijuana use.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Drugs have played a significant role in human society
A)for about the past 100 years.
B)only since the 1960s.
C)for thousands of years.
D)only in Europe and North America.
Answer: C
Q3) The use of a substance in a manner,amounts,or situations such that the drug causes problems or greatly increases the chances of problems occurring is A)addiction.
B)dependence.
C)abuse.
D)deviance.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Drug Use As a Social Problem
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Q1) Which is an example of chronic physiological toxicity?
A)high blood pressure from smoking
B)amotivational syndrome
C)paranoia from methamphetamine use
D)respiratory arrest from an alcohol overdose
Answer: A
Q2) The data suggest that marijuana use increases the likelihood of a person committing a violent crime.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Brain scan studies with drug users
A)can show which people have developed dependence and which have not.
B)can predict which people will later develop dependence.
C)so far can only show changes in response to drug administration.
D)are very strong predictors of alcohol use,but not for other substances.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Drug Policy
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Q1) Important changes to the regulation of drugs by the Food and Drug Administration occurred in 1938 and 1962,largely in response to
A)testimony by medical doctors.
B)pressure from the drug manufacturers.
C)the Elixir Sulfanilamide poisonings and birth defects from thalidomide.
D)increased smuggling.
Answer: C
Q2) One example where the U.S.interest in international drug control has conflicted with national security issues is
A)opium growing in Afghanistan.
B)coca growing in Peru.
C)marijuana growing in China.
D)MDMA (ecstasy)smuggling in Europe.
Answer: A
Q3) Precursors refers to substances like pseudoephedrine that can be chemically altered to make a controlled substance.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Neurotransmitter molecules are released into the small space between two neurons called the A)transporter.
B)synapse.
C)partition.
D)vesicle.
Q2) Suppose you wanted to prescribe a hypothetical drug that would have an overall excitatory effect on the nervous system.Which would you choose?
A)a glutamate metabolizer
B)a dopamine metabolizer
C)a GABA antagonist
D)a norepinephrine antagonist
Q3) Neural centers controlling vomiting and respiration are found in the A)brainstem.
B)frontal lobe.
C)cerebellum.
D)pituitary gland.
Q4) Describe the differing effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system.
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Chapter 5: The Actions of Drugs
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Q1) Describe three mechanisms that might explain why an alcohol-dependent individual might have to take more of the drug to experience the same effects.
Q2) Nonspecific effects of taking a drug are those that do not depend on its chemical activity.They are sometimes referred to as
A)placebo effects.
B)ataxia.
C)side effects.
D)dose-response effects.
Q3) The story of the Michigan police officer who ate marijuana-laced brownies and then called 911,is a good illustration of which basic psychopharmacology fact?
A)Drug laws only apply to those outside of law enforcement.
B)Marijuana produces paranoia in the majority of users.
C)The oral route of administration produces the fastest onset of effects.
D)Different routes of administration can producing markedly different drug effects.
Q4) Describe three factors that can influence the time course of the behavioral effect of a drug,and show that you understand how each factor influences the time course.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Stimulants
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Q1) Explain why the addiction potential of cocaine was unrecognized for many years.
Q2) The structure of the cocaine molecule closely resembles the dopamine molecule. A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain the different preparations of cocaine and how they are used.
Q4) Discuss why current laws on crack possession have been criticized.Include at least three of these criticisms.
Q5) The earliest medical use for amphetamine was as a substitute for ephedrine in treating asthma.
A)True
B)False
Q6) One major similarity of freebase and crack cocaine is that they both can be smoked. A)True
B)False
Q7) Sigmund Freud was always opposed to the use of cocaine for treating psychiatric conditions.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Depressants and Inhalants
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sodium pentathol is long-acting barbiturate used to treat insomnia.
A)True
B)False
Q2) One of the most dangerous acute effects of taking depressants in combination with alcohol is
A)the "cheese reaction".
B)respiratory depression.
C)seizures.
D)slurred speech.
Q3) Which of these is NOT one of the early sedative-hypnotics used in medicine?
A)chloral hydrate
B)paraldehyde
C)butyrate
D)bromide salts
Q4) .What types of drugs are used,and what are some of the concerns associated with the use of sleeping pills? Are there any alternatives to drug use?
Q5) is a Schedule I controlled substance.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Medication for Mental Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) The perspective that symptoms of a mental disorder lead to a diagnosis that illuminates both the underlying cause and a cure for the disorder is referred to in the text as the A)medical model.
B)double-blind design.
C)logical approach.
D)inclusion criteria.
Q2) All selective reuptake inhibitors work primarily by blocking serotonin reuptake.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the early part of the 20<sup>th</sup> century,a cure was found for a syphilitic infection that caused a psychosis called A)schizophrenia
B)specific phobia
C)general paresis
D)phenothiazine
Q4) Lithium was the first effective mood stabilizer.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the arguments for and against prescriptive licensing for psychologists.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Alcohol
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Sample Questions
Q1) The alcoholic content of beverages is indicated by the term "proof," which is
A)twice the percentage of alcohol.
B)the same as the percentage of alcohol.
C)half the percentage of alcohol.
D)ten times the percentage of alcohol.
Q2) Hangover-prevention products sold on TV and over the Internet are actually pretty effective if they contain activated charcoal.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following are signs of alcohol poisoning?
A)Breathing rate is slow or irregular
B)Skin is cold and clammy
C)Vomiting and then loss of consciousness
D)all of the above.
Q4) Breath samples to determine BAC
A)only work well at BACs above 0.15 percent.
B)are inaccurate at all blood levels.
C)provide an accurate indicator of BAC across a wide range.
D)don't work if the drinker uses breath mints.
Q5) Describe the alcohol withdrawal syndrome.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Tobacco
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chewing was the most popular form of tobacco use until about 1900,but by 1920 the most popular form was
A)snuff.
B)cigarettes.
C)pipes.
D)cigars.
Q2) The major commercial species of Nicotiana that is grown for tobacco products is A)Nicotiana rustica.
B)Nicotiana indica.
C)Nicotiana tobacum.
D)Nicotiana sinensis.
Q3) Discuss the issue of secondhand smoke and restrictions on smoking in public places.Include your own opinion about the fairness of such regulations,but be sure to include information about the effects of secondhand smoke on nonsmokers,both in homes and the workplace.
Q4) are quickly becoming one the largest U.S.exports.
A)True
B)False
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Caffeine
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the 18<sup>th</sup> century,English coffeehouses were referred to as
A)dens of iniquity.
B)penny universities.
C)health clinics.
D)Starbucks.
Q2) A typical cup of brewed tea contains just under half as much caffeine as a typical cup of brewed coffee.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In 1909,the FDA seized some Coca-Cola syrup and filed charges against the company partly because
A)the syrup contained cocaine.
B)the syrup formula was secret.
C)of the toxins in kola nuts.
D)the syrup contained caffeine.
Q4) Large doses of caffeine have been shown to produce panic attacks in individuals with a history of panic disorder.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare caffeinism and the possible Caffeine Use Disorder.
Page 13
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Q1) What dietary supplement ingredient has been tested for its ability to improve memory in Alzheimer's disease,but has produced only small and unreliable improvements in published research?
A)lobelia
B)androstenedione
C)Ginkgo biloba
D)St.John's wort
Q2) NSAID stands for
A)National System for Accurate Information on Drugs.
B)novel serotonin antagonist drug.
C)next schedule analyzing incomplete data.
D)non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
Q3) The main proposed use for St.John's wort has been for treating depression.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The generic name for Tylenol and Datril is A)COX-1.
B)acetaminophen.
C)theophylline. D)ibuprofen.
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Chapter 13: Opioids
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Q1) Heroin was originally a brand name for diacetylmorphine,manufactured by Bayer laboratories.
A)True B)False
Q2) In recent years,heroin use has been a rapidly spreading problem in the U.S.suggesting that it is becoming an epidemic.
A)True
B)False
Q3) occur as a result of heroin alone.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Long-term exposure to opioid drugs
A)has not been clearly shown to produce damage to any tissue or organ system.
B)causes damage to the mesolimbic dopamine system.
C)can weaken the heart.
D)is a common cause of kidney disease.
Q5) Long-term use of opioid drugs has been clearly shown to damage both the liver and the brain.
A)True B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Hallucinogens
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Sample Questions
Q1) The anticholinergic plant with a forked root that is mentioned in the Bible is A)aeyote.
B)ayahuasca.
C)mandrake.
D)bufotenin.
Q2) The psychological effect of LSD was first reported by A)Dr.Sigmund Freud,a Viennese physician.
B)Albert Hofmann,the Swiss chemist who developed the drug.
C)Timothy Leary,a Harvard psychologist.
D)Saint Anthony.
Q3) Atropa belladonna is also known by the name A)sweet potato.
B)deadly nightshade. C)lavender.
D)inky cap.
Q4) Ayahuasca is a name for the cactus containing mescaline.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the early use of LSD in psychotherapy,and discuss why this type of research was stopped in the 1970s.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Marijuana
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Q1) about the dangers of marijuana smoke.
Q2) Laboratory studies have not been able to document impaired driving performance after smoking marijuana.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Cannabis indica has more psychoactive potency,whereas Cannabis sativa is more associated with
A)pain relief.
B)bad trips.
C)hemp.
D)making grain alcohol.
Q4) In a study of heart rate changes following smoked marijuana with 4 percent THC or 20 mg oral THC
A)the heart rate increased much more after oral THC.
B)the peak effects were similar,but smoking produced a faster onset of effects.
C)smoked THC increased heart rate,but oral THC had no effect.
D)heart rates remained elevated for up to three days after smoking marijuana.
Q5) Discuss three of the five effects that marijuana smoking has on cognitive performance in infrequent users directly after administration.
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Chapter 16: Performance-Enhancing Drugs
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Q1) According to Major League Baseball records of the number of ADHD exemptions granted to players,it would seem that the prevalence of ADHD in baseball is double the prevalence in the general population.
A)True
B)False
Q2) One of the early types of stimulant drug reported to be used by boxers and others was
A)strychnine.
B)arsenic.
C)laudanum.
D)clenbuterol.
Q3) Small amounts of the stimulant,caffeine,are allowed in most sports.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In the National Football League,use of both amphetamines and steroids by players was banned in 1971.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the development and current state of drug testing in Olympic competition.
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Chapter 17: Preventing Substance Abuse
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss some of the early school-based attempts to prevent substance abuse and why they were abandoned.
Q2) According to the textbook,a 2005 law concerning methamphetamine further restricted
A)television depictions of methamphetamine synthesis.
B)the sale of pseudoephedrine.
C)prescriptions of amphetamines for medical use.
D)anti-drug ad campaigns that exaggerated the harms of the drug.
Q3) The DARE program stands for
A)Drug Abuse Responsible Education.
B)Drug Abuse Required Education.
C)Drug Abuse Resistance Education.
D)none of the above choices.
Q4) The Montana Meth Project,an ad campaign that exaggerates the effects of methamphetamine,has been shown to clearly reduce methamphetamine use.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe at least three of the components of the Social Influence Model of drug prevention.
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Chapter 18: Treating Substance Use Disorders
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Q1) Giving the user rewards for drug-free urine samples
A)doesn't work very well.
B)is a form of contingency management.
C)is a common technique in 12-step programs.
D)is based on the "stages of change" model.
Q2) Moderate doses of dronabinol can be used to reduce the symptoms associated with marijuana withdrawal.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Varenicline,approved in 2006 for smoking cessation
A)is also used as an antidepressant.
B)is an opioid antagonist.
C)is a partial nicotinic-receptor antagonist.
D)blocks the metabolism of nicotine.
Q4) Prevention of withdrawal symptoms using medications would be considered part of the ____________ process.
A)detoxification
B)relapse prevention
C)punishment
D)maintenance
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