Introduction to Developmental Psychology
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Introduction to Developmental Psychology examines the patterns of growth, change, and stability in behavior that occur throughout the lifespan, from conception to old age. This course explores major theoretical perspectives and research methods in developmental psychology, with an emphasis on physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development. Students will analyze the influences of genetics, environment, family, culture, and society on developmental processes, and discuss contemporary issues such as attachment, language acquisition, identity formation, and the impact of technology. The course provides a foundation for understanding how individuals develop and adapt at different life stages, preparing students for further study or careers in psychology, education, health, and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Children and Their Development 4th Canadian Edition by Robert V. Kail
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14 Chapters
2726 Verified Questions
2726 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Science of Child Development
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271 Verified Questions
271 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) To measure children's social skill,you decide to use the number of interactions children have with other children.As you collect data,you notice that some children who have many interactions do not seem to be very socially skilled because many of their interactions are negative.This makes you question the ________ of your measure.
A)sampling
B)stability
C)validity
D)reliability
Answer: C
Q2) When a child sees someone having fun with a toy,their superego tells them to just grab the toy from that person and play with it.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Ethological theory views development from a learning perspective.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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3
Chapter 2: Genetic Bases of Child Development
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A potential flaw of twin studies is that
A)monozygotic twins do not always have identical genes.
B)dizygotic twins do not have identical genes.
C)parents may treat monozygotic twins more similarly than they treat dizygotic twins.
D)parents may treat dizygotic twins more similarly than they treat monozygotic twins.
Answer: C
Q2) A child's 46 chromosomes include about ___________ genes.
A)10 000
B)50 000
C)25 000
D)100
Answer: C
Q3) Individuals with an allele for sickle-cell anemia are
A)more resistant to malaria.
B)likely to be of Asian Canadian heritage.
C)becoming more common in recent years in Canada.
D)infertile,thus unable to pass the gene on to offspring.
Answer: A
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4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn
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246 Verified Questions
246 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Inadequate prenatal nourishment is associated with A)damage to the nervous system.
B)blindness.
C)deafness.
D)encephalitis.
Answer: A
Q2) Fetal surgery involves removing a fetus from the uterus to perform surgery.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Sarah has noticed that whenever she touches her baby son's cheek,he turns his head and opens his mouth.Sarah has triggered the A)sucking reflex.
B)Moro reflex.
C)Babinski reflex.
D)rooting reflex.
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Growth and Health
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191 Verified Questions
191 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In 2012,about _______ of deaths in car accidents for 16- to 19-year-old Canadians were alcohol-related.
A)a quarter
B)a third
C)a half
D)a fifth
Q2) The pituitary gland signals other glands to secrete hormones that stimulate pubertal changes in the body.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The extent to which brain organization is flexible is referred to as A)plasticity.
B)synaptic pruning.
C)myelinization.
D)positron emission tomography.
Q4) Boys reach their mature stature about two years before girls do.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What methods have scientists used to map functions onto particular brain regions?
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Chapter 5: Perceptual and Motor Development
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194 Verified Questions
194 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Very young infants do not react differently to faces versus non-faces.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Jeremiah was born with a hearing impairment.The most likely cause of his hearing impairment is A)heredity.
B)maternal disease during pregnancy.
C)maternal drug use during pregnancy.
D)maternal exposure to environmental contaminants during pregnancy.
Q3) Young infants group features together when they are the same colour.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Your friends Elmo and Dawn have a three-year-old daughter,Courtney.Dawn stays at home with Courtney during the day while Elmo is at work.Often in the evening,Courtney will say "Mom,Mom,Mom" repeatedly before Dawn responds to her.Elmo cannot understand why Dawn keeps ignoring Courtney.When Courtney says "Dad" he always responds right away.How would you explain what's happening using what you know about the selective nature of attention,orienting responses,and habituation?
Q5) Discuss what is known about infant visual acuity and colour perception.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Theories of Cognitive Development
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172 Verified Questions
172 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Piaget's ________ stage is characterized by the child's use of symbols to represent objects and events.
A)formal operational
B)sensorimotor
C)concrete operational
D)preoperational
Q2) According to Piaget,most infants begin to use symbols at about
A)birth to 1 month.
B)4 months.
C)8 months.
D)18 months.
Q3) ________ are strategies and rules that make thinking more systematic and more powerful.
A)Circular reactions
B)Symbolic processes
C)Mental operations
D)Scaffolds
Q4) The sensorimotor stage spans birth to four years of age.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Cognitive Processes and Academic Skills
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174 Verified Questions
174 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is the process of identifying a unique pattern of letters.
A)Comprehension
B)Word recognition
C)The cardinality principle
D)Phonological awareness
Q2) A child's informal understanding of memory is called
A)metamemory.
B)metacognitive knowledge.
C)cognitive self-regulation.
D)a memory strategy.
Q3) Young babies can remember events for days or weeks at a time.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Unlike children's,adults' mental representations are complete.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Research has shown that having computers in the classroom has a detrimental impact on student learning.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Intelligence and Individual Differences in Cognition
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163 Verified Questions
163 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Developmental dyscalculia refers to
A)a difficulty in understanding words that have been read successfully.
B)a sensory impairment that contributes to learning difficulties.
C)a difficulty in mathematics.
D)a difficulty in reading individual words.
Q2) The Bayley Scales of Infant Development
A)are designed for use with infants only up to one year of age.
B)do not assess adaptive behaviour.
C)contain mental and motor scales.
D)contain motor but not mental scales.
Q3) Infant IQ scores from 6-month-olds predict later IQ scores.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The impact of inheritance on IQ
A)becomes stronger as children get older.
B)decreases as children get older.
C)stays the same throughout childhood.
D)is not measurable.
Page 10
Q5) Sternberg said that successful intelligence involves three distinct abilities.Name and briefly describe them.
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Chapter 9: Language and Communication
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180 Verified Questions
180 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is/are a system that relates sounds (or gestures) to meaning.
A)Pragmatics
B)Phonology
C)Semantics
D)Language
Q2) Jenny just had her first baby and is wondering when he will begin producing different kinds of sounds.Which of the following should she expect him to produce first?
A)babbling
B)intonation
C)first word
D)cooing
Q3) Infants who are younger than six months of age
A)do not need to experience speech sounds in their environment to be able to discriminate them.
B)must experience speech sounds in their environment to be able to discriminate them.
C)can discriminate only the sounds found in their native language.
D)cannot discriminate any speech sounds,which explains why they cannot talk.
Q4) What are some of the rules that children use for learning new words?
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Chapter 10: Emotional Development
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162 Verified Questions
162 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Social smiles typically first appear at
A)birth.
B)two months of age.
C)six months of age.
D)18 months of age.
Q2) Research has shown that children with a specific variant of the DRD4 gene
A)are not affected by the quality of environment.
B)are less likely to benefit from high-quality child cares than those without the variant.
C)are more likely to be harmed by prenatal stress than those without the variant.
D)are no different from those without the variant when it comes to temperament.
Q3) Which infant is most likely to form a secure attachment?
A)Hallie,whose parents respond predictably and appropriately to her needs
B)Erin,who has a difficult temperament
C)Bernie,who sleeps in a dormitory with other children under 12
D)Steven,whose mother has a rigid personality style
Q4) According to Bowlby,what are the four phases of growth in attachment? Briefly describe the major change(s) that occur during each of these stages.
Q5) Discuss how a child's environment can contribute to children's temperament.
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Chapter 11: Understanding Self and Others
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177 Verified Questions
177 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children with more advanced perspective-taking skills
A)are younger than children with less advanced skills.
B)are at lower cognitive levels.
C)are typically well-liked by their peers.
D)are more likely to have negative interactions with peers.
Q2) Fifteen-year-old Angela's belief that she is,in effect,an actor whose performance is watched constantly by her peers is a phenomenon referred to as
A)the imaginary audience.
B)the personal fable.
C)the illusion of invulnerability.
D)perspective-taking.
Q3) In Selman's third-person stage of perspective-taking,children can step out of the immediate situation and see how they and another person are viewed by a third person.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Self-awareness emerges between 18 and 24 months.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Briefly describe some outcomes associated with low self-esteem.
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Chapter 12: Moral Understanding and Behaviour
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162 Verified Questions
162 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The belief that breaking a rule always leads to punishment is referred to as A)moral relativism.
B)postconventional reasoning.
C)conventional reasoning.
D)immanent justice.
Q2) Around the first birthday,infants become aware of the fact that others impose demands on them and they must react accordingly.
A)True
B)False
Q3) At Kohlberg's postconventional level,moral reasoning is based on A)social norms.
B)obedience to authority.
C)personal moral principles.
D)rewards and punishments.
Q4) Children who develop concrete ways of resisting temptation (e.g. ,singing,reminding oneself of the rules,etc. ) are more likely to be successful at resisting temptation.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Critique Kohlberg's theory.
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Chapter 13: Gender and Development
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Martin and Halverson's gender-schema theory,children learn
A)gender roles through reinforcement and punishment.
B)gender-appropriate behaviour after achieving gender constancy.
C)gender-appropriate behaviour by paying attention to experiences and events that are gender-appropriate.
D)gender roles through prenatal exposure to sex hormones.
Q2) In general,television portrays women and men in a very stereotyped manner.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Traits associated with male stereotypes are called ________ whereas traits associated with female stereotypes are referred to as ________.
A)hormonal;androgynous
B)androgynous;hormonal
C)expressive;instrumental
D)instrumental;expressive
Q4) Androgynous children have lower self-esteem than children whose gender roles are highly stereotyped.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Social Influences
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309 Verified Questions
309 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children of authoritative parents are often impulsive and have little self-control.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Many of the harmful effects associated with part-time employment during the school year also exist for summer employment.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A child argues and whines when his mother asks him to clean his room and then she cleans his room herself.This is an example of A)disinhibition.
B)counterimitation.
C)reinforcement.
D)a negative reinforcement trap.
Q4) Interethnic friendships are more likely to form in large classes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Name and describe Baumrind's four parenting styles.
Q6) List some common traits associated with firstborn,laterborn,and only children.
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