Introduction to Criminology
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Criminology provides a comprehensive overview of the scientific study of crime, criminal behavior, and the criminal justice system. The course explores key theoretical perspectives on why individuals commit crimes, examines the social, economic, and psychological factors influencing criminal activity, and analyzes how society responds to crime through law enforcement, courts, and corrections. Students will engage with contemporary issues such as crime prevention, victimology, and the impact of media on perceptions of crime, laying a solid foundation for further study in criminology and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Criminal Investigation 11th Edition by
Charles R Swanson
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22 Chapters
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Evolution of Criminal Investigation and Forensic Science
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Q1) Pinkerton's National Detective Agency's trademark was an open eye above the slogan "We are ever Vigilant."
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) In 1967,the ________ was made operational by the FBI,providing data on wanted persons and property stolen from all 50 states.
Answer: National Crime Information center (NCIC)
Q3) To supplement the rogues' gallery,Thomas Byrnes instituted the ________ where at 9 o'clock every morning; all criminals arrested in the past 24 hours were marched before his detectives who were expected to make notes and to recognize the criminals later.
Answer: Mulberry Street Morning Parade
Q4) Who were the Bow Street Runners and of what historical importance are they?
Answer: The Bow Street Runners were a small group of volunteer,non-uniformed homeowners established in 1750 by Henry Fielding to "take thieves." In "taking thieves" they would hurry to the scene of a crime and begin an investigation,thus becoming the first modern detective force.
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Legal Aspects of Investigation
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Q1) Which Supreme Court Case established the "moveable vehicle" rule?
A) Carroll v. United States.
B) Chambers v. Maroney.
C) Maryland v. Dyson.
D) Chimel v. California.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following cases established the rule that any evidence unreasonably searched and seized could no longer be admissible in any court?
A) Weeks v. Ohio.
B) Roe v. Wade.
C) Mapp v. Ohio.
D) Gideon v. Wainwright.
Answer: C
Q3) The due process clause is found in which Amendment of the Bill of Rights?
A) First Amendment.
B) Fourth Amendment.
C) Fifth Amendment.
D) Tenth Amendment.
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Investigators, the Investigative Process, and the Crime Scene
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Q1) The chain of custody is the witnessed,unbroken,written chronological history of who had the evidence and when they had the evidence.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The textbook refers to 5 major forensic mapping methods.These include: rectangular coordinates,triangulation,________,polar coordinates,and grid system.
Answer: baseline coordinates
Q3) What type of investigation is the effort expended by the police in gathering information subsequent to the initiation of the original report until the case is ready for prosecution.
A) Advanced.
B) Cold.
C) Collateral.
D) Follow-up.
Answer: D
Q4) Often ________ evidence is located using alternate light systems.
Answer: trace
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Chapter 4: Physical Evidence
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Q1) Which is used as a presumptive or preliminary field test for blood?
A) Hemident
B) Limpit
C) Dolcet
D) Nodocen
Q2) Which of the following information <b>cannot</b> be provided by a forensic examination of hair?
A) The area of the body from which the hair came as well as the race of the donor.
B) The manner in which the hair was removed: cut or forcible pulled out.
C) What drugs were ingested and how long ago they were consumed.
D) Approximate age of the donor.
Q3) Under ordinary conditions laboratory examination of blood evidence can determine all of the following except
A) the sex of the person.
B) the blood type of the person and their DNA profile.
C) the race of the person.
D) whether the person was a smoker.
Q4) A __________________ document is one whose origin or authenticity is in doubt.
Q5) What three factors account for the rapid rise in superglue fuming?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Interviewing and Interrogation
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Q1) When conducting an interrogation,the interrogator should
A) ensure that few or no objects are between them and the suspect
B) talk loudly and rudely to the suspect
C) ask leading questions to get the suspect to confess
D) All of the above should be done in an interrogation
Q2) What are the possible responses when a suspect is asked if they wish to talk to the police?
A) remain silent
B) request an attorney
C) waive their rights against self -incrimination
D) All of the above are possible responses
Q3) Prior to 1936,the only test for the validity and admissibility of a confession or admission was its ________.
Q4) In interviewing,establishing rapport with the person to be questioned is important but its importance wanes when interrogating a suspect.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Define and discuss the similarities and differences between interviews and interrogations.
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Chapter 6: Field Notes and Reporting
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Q1) Mobile computer terminals (MCTs)will allow an officer to check for "wants" and "warrants" on a suspect but will not allow the officer to access the National Crime Information Center (NCIC).
A)True
B)False
Q2) Supplementary reports should be written
A) every day.
B) every week.
C) no less frequently than every 10 days.
D) monthly or at the request of the unit supervisor.
Q3) Identify and briefly discuss four reasons why field notes are important.
Q4) Which of the following is not one of the police dispositions used by police supervisors?
A) Unfounded.
B) Exceptionally cleared.
C) Inactive.
D) Referred to plainclothes investigation.
Q5) Explain the importance of collecting physical,email addresses,and occupations when interviewing victims,witnesses,and suspects.
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Chapter 7: The Follow-Up Investigation and Investigative Resources
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Q1) Discuss the photo lineup process.
Q2) Which of the following are steps in the scientific method?
A) State the problem
B) Gather relevant data
C) Form a hypothesis
D) All of the above are steps in the scientific method
Q3) The process of using systematic analytical methods to acquire timely information of crime patterns and trend correlations is
A) tactical analysis.
B) service analysis.
C) crime intelligence.
D) crime analysis.
Q4) The police have been quick to use the internet for
A) investigative purposes
B) public information purposes
C) administrative purposes
D) All of the above are police uses of the internet
Q5) _________ are elements of information that have been demonstrated to correlate with higher probabilities of investigative success.
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Chapter 8: The Crime Laboratory
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Q1) Measures of crime laboratory effectiveness are quality,quantity,and timeliness.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The unit of the FBI laboratory which conducts examinations of soils and safe insulation,concrete,plaster,mortar,glass,oil,and other abrasives is the A) documents Units.
B) metallurgy Unit.
C) firearms Unit.
D) mineralogy Unit.
Q3) A technical manual that includes validation studies performed by the lab itself and sets forth standardized methodologies for performing routine tests in the laboratory is the
A) standard operating procedure.
B) procedures manual.
C) lab testing protocol.
D) Daubert certification rule.
Q4) When body fluids are submitted to a laboratory for analysis,how are the specimens handled in light of concerns about the transmittal of hepatitis and AIDS?
Q5) Describe the measures of effectiveness of crime laboratories.
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Chapter 9: Injury and Death Investigations
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Q1) What are the types of offenses and incidents that must be reported to the National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime for examination?
Q2) Incised wounds are inflicted by
A) blunt objects.
B) gunshots.
C) ice picks.
D) sharp-edged instruments.
Q3) The investigation of felonious injuries and criminal homicides are viewed as among the most serious offenses committed in our society even though the "weak" penalties do not reflect society's concerns.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Hangings are sometimes accidental.The individual may have himself in a modified hanging position while masturbating and accidentally slip resulting in death known as ________.
Q5) Describe an incised wound,stab wound,and laceration.
Q6) The so-called ________ attitude of the body is a natural result of the dehydrating effect caused by the heat from the fire and is not related to the cause or manner of death.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Sex-Related Offenses
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Q1) Why is the discovery of semen,sperm,and hair valuable in rape investigations?
Q2) The insertion of a lubricated fist and forearm up to the elbow into the anal cavity of another man is called
A) coprolangia.
B) urolangia.
C) anal intercourse.
D) fisting.
Q3) Rape is generally considered a woman-centered issue,but growing awareness has led to a rise in reports of homosexual male rape.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The major purpose of a psychological autopsy in suicides is to form a logical understanding of death from A) tangible physical evidence.
B) documented life events.
C) intangible, often illusive, emotional factors.
D) all of the choices are correct.
Q5) What are the effects of Rohypnol?
Q6) Why do women sometimes make false rape allegations?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Crimes Against Children
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Q1) What appears to be the major motivating factor that drives female offenders to abduct infants?
Q2) Which of the following is not usually a characteristic external appearance of a SIDS victim?
A) A state of malnutrition and dehydration.
B) A wet diaper full of stool.
C) Bruise-like marks found on the head or body limbs.
D) Vomitus found on the face.
Q3) ________ can be behaviorally (not legally)defined as the sexually explicit reproduction of a child's image and includes sexually explicit photographs.
Q4) What is meant by the term "rapid response deployment or quick action deployment?"
A) Training for patrol officers in responding to incidents of school violence.
B) A new method of training SWAT teams for school violence.
C) Training for school personnel to teach them how to defuse a potentially violent situation.
D) Teaching students how to extricate themselves safely from a violent situation.
Q5) What role does the physician play in child abuse cases?
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Chapter 12: Human Trafficking
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Q1) With rare exceptions,the victims of sex trafficking often suffer from ____________.
Q2) As many as _________women and children are trafficked into the United States annually
A) 10,000
B) 25, 000
C) 50,000
D) 100,000
Q3) Anti-trafficking task forces nationwide are comprised of federal,state,and local law-enforcement investigators and prosecutors,labor-enforcement investigators,and non-governmental victim service providers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which states do not have any child prostitution laws?
A) New York
B) California
C) Texas
D) All states prohibit child prostitution
Q5) Discuss the composition and the goals of the nationwide anti-trafficking task forces.
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Chapter 13: Robbery
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Q1) Home-invasion robberies typically target those residences wherein the suspect believes there is a lot of "loot" to be obtained.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The FBI recommends that banks install bullet-resistant glass referred to as ________ between tellers and customers.
Q3) Banks have employed a wide variety of ________ strategies that are designed to make the bank interior appear inhospitable to would-be robbers.
Q4) An officer's expectations that the robber will be of a particular description or have difficulty believing witnesses descriptions is a definition of A) action stereotyping.
B) physical stereotyping.
C) situational stereotyping.
D) racial stereotyping.
Q5) Why is it important to have a standard operating procedure for robbery investigations?
Q6) When is purse snatching a robbery?
Q7) Give three explanations for the increase in carjackings.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Burglary
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Q1) ATM attacks may yield considerable evidence.Which of the following is not a type of evidence expected to be found at an ATM attack?
A) Tire and shoe impressions.
B) Blood from skinned hands.
C) Food wrappers.
D) All of the preceding may be found at an ATM attack.
Q2) What is the profile of those arrested for burglary?
Q3) With regard to residential burglaries ________ homeowners are victimized at the highest rate.
Q4) Loiding is the act of slipping open or shimming,by using a strip of celluloid,a spring-bolt lock that does not have an antishim device.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Alarms and ________ locks are a deterrent to amateur burglars but not to more professional ones.
Q6) What considerations are important in approaching the scene of a burglary?
Q7) How are fire-resistant safes and money chests different?
Q8) What measures can homeowners and business operators take to lessen their chances of being burglarized?
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Chapter 15: Larceny Theft and White-Collar Crime
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Q1) Describe smurfing and shoulder surfing.
Q2) The practice of ________ involves going through a victim's trash to obtain personal data.
Q3) An act was passed in 2006 by Congress,essentially making all forms of gambling via the _________________illegal.
Q4) In reference to money laundering,in ________,the illegal funds that have been placed and layered are now clean and are virtually indistinguishable from wholly legal money and are then used to buy luxury items or to invest in legitimate businesses.
Q5) Investment fraud whereby investors are paid dividends from the deposits of other investors is referred to as a
A) Ponzi scheme.
B) Pyramid scheme.
C) Endless chain scheme.
D) All of the preceding are correct.
Q6) Give two definitions of white-collar crime.
Q7) The missing person fraud is cruel.How is it run?
Q8) Identify and discuss two telephone/pager scams.
Page 17
Q9) How are bank examiner and pigeon drop cons run?
Q10) How are prime bank and promissory note frauds operated?
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Chapter 16: Vehicle Thefts and Related Offenses
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Q1) The process of title "washing" involves
A) replacing a title that is destroyed by water or by an act of God.
B) replacing a title that is literally washed with clothes.
C) removing a brand from a title.
D) removing a lien satisfaction from a title.
Q2) In order for a successful salvage switch operation to work,the thief must be able to acquire a salvaged vehicle that
A) has all identifying numbers removed.
B) is no more than three model years old.
C) has all major component parts even if some of those parts are severely damaged.
D) is accompanied by the VIN plate and title.
Q3) After 9-11,Customs was moved from the Treasury Department.Where is it located now?
A) Department of Homeland Security.
B) Bureau of Customs and Border Protection.
C) Department of Justice.
D) Immigration and Naturalization Service.
Q4) Why is vehicle identification the most difficult and time-consuming task faced by an investigator in an auto theft case?
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Chapter 17: Cybercrime
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Q1) One motivation for the activities of an old guard hacker is the need for a challenge.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Discuss the differences between "black hatters" and "white hatters."
Q3) Email was created by
A) Al Gore
B) Ray Tomlinson
C) Bill Gates
D) Steve Jobs
Q4) Which of the following is <b>not</b> a type of computer intrusion?
A) virus
B) Trojan Horse
C) shlumping
D) spyware
Q5) The most profitable type of crime is
A) cybercrime
B) drug trafficking
C) bank robbery
D) all of the above
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Chapter 18: Agricultural, Wildlife, and Environmental Crimes
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Q1) The most frequent violators of hazardous waste regulations and laws are A) located in the northeast.
B) small generating firms.
C) pharmaceutical companies.
D) all of the preceding are correct.
Q2) What specialized knowledge is required by the investigator with respect to the theft of agrichemicals?
Q3) Fossil hunters who invade public and private lands are known as A) fossil rustlers.
B) fossil wranglers.
C) bone rustlers.
D) bone diggers.
Q4) At night,aircraft can also be useful in pinpointing places where it appears that artificial light is being used by poachers to take game,a tactic known as ________.
Q5) What are the two major categories of poachers and how do they differ?
Q6) Private and public land is being invaded by stealthy fossil hunters,who are also described as bonepirates.
A)True
B)False
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Arson and Explosives Investigations
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Q1) What is the first duty of the investigator at the scene of an explosion?
Q2) When certain items such as photo albums,valuables,furniture,clothing,or pets are apparently missing from the scene of a fire,the most likely possibility is that the
A) fire fighters stole the items.
B) owner removed these items before starting the fire.
C) items were stolen by burglars who then set the house on fire.
D) items were completely destroyed by the fire.
Q3) In ________ explosions,the high-pressure gas is produced by purely physical reactions.
Q4) When looking for evidence after an explosion occurs,the investigator should
A) focus on the immediate area, since that is where the evidence will be found
B) look at adjacent vehicles and buildings for evidence
C) understand that most of the evidence was vaporized by the force of the blast
D) None of the above are correct Ans B
Q5) The four subgroups for revenge motivated arson include
A) jilted lovers and feuding neighbors. Personal revenge.
B) disgruntled employees and quarreling spouses. Societal retaliation.
C) people motivated by racial or religious hostilities. Group retaliation
D) lovers' disputes and domestic squabbles. All of the above
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Chapter 20: Recognition, Control, and Investigation of Drug Abuse
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Q1) ________ hydrochloride is a synthetic drug that was developed in the mid-1960s and is an anesthetic agent that has legitimate uses,mostly in veterinary medicine.
Q2) Hallucinogenic drugs,natural or synthetic,distort the perception of objective reality.The unpredictability of their effects is the greatest danger to the user.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the name of the drug that is a psychomotor stimulant with a chemical structure similar to methamphetamine that was originally patented in Germany in 1928?
A) Bayer Aspirin.
B) Methcathinone.
C) Cat or Goob.
D) Both B and C.
Q4) What are the effects of cocaine and how is it used?
Q5) The most prominent method of electronic surveillance is ________,using third-party eavesdropping devices placed on telephone lines to capture conversations.
Q6) Define a conspiracy,and give examples of the types of conspiracy cases.
Q7) Discuss OxyContin abuse.
Page 22
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Chapter 21: Terrorism
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Q1) Discuss the nativist movement and how it relates to right-wing terrorism.
Q2) One of the five pillars of Islamic faith is charitable giving.What term is used to denote this pillar?
A) Hawala.
B) Fasalaw.
C) Hawak.
D) Zakat.
Q3) The basic concept of the ________ is that the teachings of Islam were corrupted after the time of the Prophet Muhammed.The group is centered in Saudi Arabia.
Q4) Left-wing terrorists generally profess a revolutionary ________ doctrine and view themselves as protectors of the people against capitalism and imperialism.
Q5) Individuals become members of the Animal Liberation Front by simply engaging in direct action against those who utilize animals for research or economic gain.Which of the following constitutes direct action?
A) A boycott of the companies involved.
B) A letter writing campaign to the managers of the companies.
C) Any action that is criminal in nature.
D) All of the preceding are correct.
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Chapter 22: The Trial Process and the Investigator As a Witness
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Q1) What is the first rule of evidence?
A) Proof is not evidence but the combination of individual facts is proof.
B) To keep a jury from hearing or seeing improper evidence.
C) Evidence must be relevant to the case at hand.
D) Determination of the importance of the evidence.
Q2) Once questioning of potential jurors has been completed,what is the challenge that may be used for any reason,except race or gender,to excuse a prospective juror?
A) Challenge for cause.
B) Challenge for bias.
C) Peremptory challenge.
D) Executive challenge.
Q3) Sometimes referred to as physical evidence,________ evidence is connected with the commission of the crime and can be produced in court.
Q4) The courtroom process begins with the selection and swearing in of a jury.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the hearsay rule and why does it exist?
Page 24
Q6) The ________ is the combination of all the elements of the crime.
Q7) When and how may a witness use notes on the witness stand?
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