Introduction to Criminal Law Question
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Course Introduction
Introduction to Criminal Law offers students a foundational understanding of the principles, purposes, and processes of criminal law within the legal system. The course explores the classification and elements of criminal offenses, the concept of criminal responsibility, and key legal definitions such as actus reus and mens rea. Students examine the stages of criminal proceedings, including investigation, charging, and trial, as well as major defenses to criminal liability. Attention is also given to the philosophical and historical development of criminal law, current issues in the field, and the balance between societal interests and individual rights. Through case studies and analysis of statutes, learners gain insights into how criminal laws are applied and interpreted by courts.
Recommended Textbook
Criminal Justice Today An Introductory Text for the 21st Century 13th Edition by Frank Schmalleger
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Criminal Justice?
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Q1) Analyze and comment on what is meant by due process of law to you.Support your opinions with facts and data.
Answer: A right guaranteed by the Fifth,Sixth,and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S.Constitution and generally understood,in legal concepts to mean the due course of legal proceedings according to the rules and forms established for the protection of individual rights.In criminal proceedings due process of law is generally understood to include: a law creating and defining the offense,an impartial tribunal having jurisdictional authority over the case,accusation in proper form,notice,and opportunity to defend,trial according to established procedures and discharge from all restraints or obligations unless convicted.
Q2) Crimes can have legally acceptable justifications or excuses. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) A(n)_____________ is issued by a judicial officer directing a law enforcement officer to perform a specified act and affording the officer protection from damages if he or she performs it.
Answer: Warrant
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Chapter 2: The Crime Picture
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Q1) All Part I offenses are violent crimes.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) In general,the ____________ are crime victims that are more likely to be victims of property crime,face offenders who are armed with guns,be victimized by strangers and be victimized in or near their homes during daylight hours.
Answer: Elderly
Q3) The ______________ program is a statistical reporting program run by the FBI's Criminal Justice Information Services (CJIS)division.
Answer: UCR
Q4) Murders are usually committed by strangers.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) Firearms are the weapon used most often to commit murder.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: The Search for Causes
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Q1) List and define the basic assumptions of classical theories of crime causation,and the neoclassical perspective.
Answer: An eighteenth-century approach to crime causation and criminal responsibility that grew out of the Enlightenment and that emphasized the role of free will and reasonable punishments.A contemporary version of classical criminology that emphasizes deterrence and retribution and that holds that human beings are essentially free to make choices in favor of crime and deviance or conformity to the law.
Q2) Modern criminology is a perspective that holds that crime-control agencies and the citizens they serve should work together to alleviate social problems and human suffering and thus reduce crime.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) ______________ is known as the father of modern criminology.
A)Merton
B)Lombroso
C)Merton.
D)Miller
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Criminal Law
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Q1) As defenses,justifications claim a kind of moral high ground.Justifications may be offered by people who find themselves forced to choose between "two evils." Generally speaking,conduct that a person believes is necessary to avoid harm to him or to another is justifiable if the harm he is trying to avoid is greater than the harm the law defining the offense seeks to avoid.Define and comment on three of the six categories that are applicable to this defense.Analyze their good and bad points.
Q2) ______________ capacity is a defense based on claims of a mental condition that may be used to exonerate the defendant of guilt.
Q3) An alibi is a statement or contention by an individual charged with a crime that he or she was so distant when the crime was committed,or so engaged in other provable activities,that his or her participation in the commission of that crime was impossible.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The state of mind that accompanies a criminal act is:
A)Actus Reus.
B)Mens Rea.
C)An inchoate offense.
D)Concurrence.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Policing: History and Structure
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Q1) The Statute of Winchester:
A)Was written by Robert Peel.
B)Created the watch and ward.
C)Was used by the Bow Street Runners to apprehend violent criminals.
D)Formed the new police.
Q2) Private protective service is an independent or proprietary commercial organization that provides protective services to employers on a contractual basis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Kansas City studies had an impact on several traditional views about police patrol work.Comment on and explain the study and specifically the affect they had on preventative patrol and traditional response to calls for service.
Q4) State police agencies are generally separated into two models.Compare and contrast the two models and define their functions within the states and communities they serve.
Q5) Define and analyze the relationship between traditional policing and the role of private security in America and the world today.
Q6) ______________ was the founder of the London Metropolitan Police Service.
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Chapter 6: Policing: Purpose and Organization
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Q1) Discretion is used mostly in routine situations that involve offenses that are not very serious.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The service style of policing is based on order maintenance.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Staff operations include support roles,such as administration,detectives,and other areas.
A)True
B)False
Q4) LEO and NLETS are different types of law enforcement ________ resources.
A)Service style
B)Crime scene investigation
C)Staff operation
D)Information sharing
Q5) ____________ is the International Justice and Public Safety Information Sharing Network.
Q6) A measure of the time that it takes for police officers to respond to calls for service is the _________________time.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Policing: Legal Aspects
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Q1) Mapp v.Ohio was a landmark case that restricted police from Interrogating juveniles without their parents present.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Law enforcement officers may conduct a search or seize evidence when they believe they are operating according to the dictates of the law,and if later discover that a mistake was made,the evidence they find can still be used in court.Which exception to the exclusionary rule is this?
A)Plain view doctrine
B)Exclusionary rule
C)Fruit of the poisonous tree
D)Good faith exception
Q3) The Miranda decision and rights applies to all persons above the age of 14.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Chimel v.California regulated when police may _____________ incident to an arrest.
Q5) The _________________ Act of 2001 made it easier for police investigators to intercept many forms of electronic communications.
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Chapter 8: Policing: Issues and Challenges
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Q1) The IACP has developed a model drug testing policy for police managers.The policy suggests four areas police managers could use to meet their needs of a clean department.
List and define three of those suggestions and give your opinion on the plusses and minuses of each suggestion.
Q2) The courts have supported drug testing of police officers based on ________________ that drug abuse is occurring.
A)Proof beyond a reasonable doubt
B)Probable cause
C)An anonymous tip
D)A reasonable suspicion
Q3) The __________ slope of corruption finds that even accepting minor gratuities can lead to a more ready acceptance of larger bribes.
Q4) The IACP suggest that all employees assigned to special areas should be tested for ________________ periodically.
Q5) Anthrax,smallpox,and any other infectious diseases when used illegally to cause death and injury to people are considered ______________ weapons.
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10
Chapter 9: The Courts: Structure and Participants
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Q1) The U.S.Federal Court system was created by the:
A)U.S.Constitution.Article III,Section 1.
B)12 Amendment to the U.S.Constitution.
C)State Court System.
D)President George Washington.
Q2) Compare and contrast the roles of the professional and nonprofessional courtroom work groups.Analyze how they work together to ensure a successful completion to a case before the court.Do their individual roles intertwine to make the system work?
Q3) Both lay witnesses and expert witnesses may express opinions or draw conclusions in their testimony.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The U.S.Court of ____________ hears cases from the federal district courts located within its circuit,as well as cases from decisions of federal administrative agencies.
Q5) Gideon v.Wainwright was a landmark case in 1963 that changed the laws regarding police searches of persons and homes.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Pretrial Activities and the Criminal Trial
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Q1) The two-sided structure under which American criminal trial courts operate is also known as:
A)Presentation of evidence.
B)The adversarial system.
C)Jury selection.
D)Reasonable doubt doctrine.
Q2) The practice wherein defendants charged with very serious crimes,or those who are thought likely to escape or to injure others,are usually held in jail until trial is called______________. detention.
Q3) A preliminary hearing is held to:
A)Determine the defendant's guilt or innocence.
B)Allow the defendant to enter a plea.
C)determine if there is probable cause to hold the defendant for trial.
D)Revisit the bail/release decision.
Q4) Weapons,tire tracks,and fingerprints are examples of which type of evidence?
A)Direct evidence
B)Real evidence
C)Testimonial evidence
D)Circumstantial evidence
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Chapter 11: Sentencing
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Q1) Victim impact statements generally have a profound impact on the sentence that a defendant receives.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the primary sentencing tool of the just deserts model?
A)Fine
B)Retribution
C)Restitution
D)Probation
Q3) A continuing goal of victims' advocacy groups is an amendment to the U.S.Constitution.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The in-court use of victim- or survivor-supplied information by sentencing authorities seeking to make an informed sentencing decision is known as the victim _______________ statement.
Q5) Circumstances relating to the commission of a crime that call for a tougher sentence because of the cruelty or injury to the victim are called ______________ circumstances.
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Chapter 12: Probation, Parole, and Intermediate Sanctions
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Q1) What are your opinions concerning the probation and parole systems in place today? Do you believe the systems are working properly today or can we improve on them? Cite and analyze examples to support your beliefs.
Q2) The number of probation or parole clients assigned to one probation or parole officer for supervision is called their ______________.
Q3) Revocation of probation or parole:
A)Is not governed by any particular due process requirement.
B)Can be enacted merely on a decision made by the probationer's or parolee's probation or parole officer.
C)Requires the concurrence of an appellate court judge.
D)Requires procedural safeguards,including a hearing.
Q4) A sentencing option that makes use of "boot camp"-type prisons to impress on convicted offenders the realities of prison life is known as ________________ incarceration.
Q5) A mixed sentence carries a mixed sentence of probation and parole. A)True B)False
Q6) Define and explain the advantages and disadvantages of probation and parole.
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Chapter 13: Prisons and Jails
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Q1) Which of the follow system is a system of inmate labor that was in use by the early twentieth century?
A)Punitive system
B)Contract system
C)Reform system
D)Treatment system
Q2) Work release is representative of which era in the development of U.S.prisons?
A)The reform era
B)The treatment era
C)The just deserts era
D)The community-based era
Q3) The ______________ capacity is the number of inmates a prison can handle according to the judgment of experts.
Q4) The Contract system and Piece Price system were heralded as new innovations of prisoner reform that helped inmates get early releases from prison.
A)True
B)False
Q5) ________ is the movement towards the wider use of private prisons.
Q6) Historically,the most widely used of physical punishment was ____________.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Prison Life
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Q1) The number of inmates who die from AIDS-related illnesses is much lower than years past.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to a 2013 study women accounted for less than 5% of all inmates in state and federal prisons.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Today's American prisons are relatively calm,but the 1980s have been called the "explosive decade" of prison riots.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which refers to the values and behavioral patterns characteristic of prison inmates?
A)Balancing test
B)Prisonization
C)Prison subculture
D)Deliberate indifference
Q5) Prison ________ is the values and behavioral patterns characteristic of prison inmates.
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Chapter 15: Juvenile Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Truancy,vagrancy,and running away from home are examples of:
A)Felony offenses.
B)Federal offenses.
C)Status offenses.
D)Delinquent offenses.
Q2) In which portion of a juvenile case does a judge decide whether or not to confine a juvnile?
A)Review
B)Beginning
C)Disposition
D)Blending
Q3) The juvenile court movement was based on five philosophical principles.List and define three of those principles.Explain which of the principles is the most productive.
Q4) Judges are the only officials authorized to conduct detention hearings.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In 2011,John _____________ College of Criminal Justice released a comprehensive study of strategies for changing the juvenile justice system.
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Chapter 16: Drugs and Crime
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Q1) Schedule V controlled substances are prescription drugs with a low potential for abuse.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In legal terms,curtilage is the area surrounding a residence that can reasonably be said to be a part of the residence for Fourth Amendment search purposes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is a responsive strategy to the drug usage problem that substantially reduces penalties associated with drug use but may not eliminate them entirely?
A)Decriminalization
B)Legalization
C)Forced drug treatment of convicted drug users
D)Drug court
Q4) ________________ is the interception of drug traffic at the nation's borders.It is one of the many strategies used to stem the flow of illegal drugs into the United States.
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Chapter 17: Terrorism and Multinational Criminal Justice
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Q1) The integrated police intelligence-gathering and dissemination arm of the member nations of the European Union is called _______________.
Q2) The Central Intelligence Agency reports that by 2015 terrorist tactics will become increasingly sophisticated and designed to achieve mass casualties.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Holding a belief in the superiority of one's own social or ethnic group and culture is:
A)Eurocentric.
B)Afrocentric.
C)Ethnocentric.
D)Centric.
Q4) The integrated police intelligence-gathering and dissemination arm of the member nations of the European Union is called:
A)Interpol.
B)Europol.
C)Ameripol.
D)International court.
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Chapter 18: The Future of Criminal Justice
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Q1) Augmented reality (AR)is the real-time and accurate overlay of digital information on a user's real-world experience,through visual,aural,and/or tactile interfaces.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The 2012,Department of Homeland Security report to Congress was very concerned with weapons of mass destruction and other contraband entering the United States through:
A)Airport cargo.
B)Illegal border crossings.
C)Clandestine trucking operations.
D)Seaport shipping containers.
Q3) The unauthorized duplication of software or the illegal transfer of data from one storage medium to another is:
A)Software piracy.
B)Software attachment.
C)Software duplication.
D)Software malware.
Q4) ______________ applies scientific techniques to the detection and evaluation of criminal evidence.
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