Introduction to Criminal Justice
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Criminal Justice provides an overview of the American criminal justice system, examining its three main components: law enforcement, the courts, and corrections. The course explores the roles, responsibilities, and interrelationships of police officers, judges, lawyers, and correctional officers, while delving into relevant laws, procedures, and policies. Students will analyze key concepts such as crime definitions, criminal law, due process, and the rights of the accused, as well as contemporary issues like juvenile justice and corrections reform. Throughout the course, learners will develop a foundational understanding of how justice is administered and the societal factors that influence crime and criminal justice practices.
Recommended Textbook Criminal Evidence 8th Edition by Judy Hails
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Q1) The defendant's right to assistance of counsel is guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) In a criminal trial, the defense has the burden of persuasion that the prosecution's evidence is not sufficient to convict the defendant.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) In a jury trial, the judge acts as the trier of the law and the jury acts as the trier of the facts.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Hearsay was not admissible in criminal trials prior to the American Civil War.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: The Role of the Courts
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Q1) What would be the advantage of a direct appeal
A)Gwen will have a constitutional right to have an attorney represent her on appeal because she has no money.
B)If the Court of Appeals rules in Gwen's favor she will have Double Jeopardy protections from being tried again.
C)Gwen will be able to present evidence that the judge ruled was inadmissible at her trial.
D)All of these are possible outcomes of filing a direct appeal.
Answer: A
Q2) In a criminal case, the judge can set aside the verdict if the jury voted to convict but not if they voted to acquit.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Newly discovered evidence is not admissible on a direct appeal.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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4
Chapter 3: The Adjudication Process
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Q1) The criminal complaint describes the charges:
A)narrative form describing everything defendant is accused of doing.
B)state facts for each charge in separate counts.
C)state facts for felonies but not for misdemeanors.
D)state code sections violated but not give the facts.
Answer: B
Q2) The complaint must state:
A)crimes the defendant is alleged to have committed.
B)where the alleged crime was committed.
C)when the alleged crime was committed.
D)All of these.
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following is the prosecutor constitutionally required to give to the defense before trial
A)Names of informants whose identity is necessary for the defendant to prepare a case
B)Copies of all investigative reports in the prosecution's possession
C)Copies of all statements made to the police by co-defendants
D)All of these must be disclosed during discovery
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Types of Evidence
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Q1) Real evidence refers to physical objects.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain the use of testimonial evidence.Give two (2) examples of testimonial evidence that do not involve a witness testifying during a trial.
Q3) When a piece of evidence is referred to as "material," "material" means:
A)it is relevant and more than remotely connected to the fact.
B)it is relevant to an important fact in the case.
C)the prosecution cannot win a conviction without this piece of evidence. D)relevant and material are synonymous - any fact that is relevant is also material.
Q4) Define relevant evidence. When is relevant evidence admissible in court When is relevant evidence NOT admissible in court
Q5) All relevant evidence is material.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Define direct evidence and circumstantial evidence.Explain the differences between them.
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Chapter 5: Direct and Circumstantial Evidence
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Q1) Testimony that a man who is on trial for battering his wife also beat up his girlfriend while in college:
A)is inadmissible because it would unduly prejudice the jury.
B)is admissible under Other Acts Evidence.
C)is inadmissible if the statute of limitation has run on the incident that occurred in college.
D)is admissible only if an expert testifies about the battered woman's syndrome.
Q2) Which of the following can be used as circumstantial evidence of guilt
A)Carl filed a false police report about Donna's abduction.
B)Carl was an experienced cement mason.
C)Carl had an affair with Eve.
D)Donna's body was found under a cement patio floor.
Q3) The victim's habits can be used to show that he or she was not voluntarily involved in criminal conduct.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the difference between direct evidence and circumstantial evidence.Give two examples of each.What is the role of the jury in evaluating the evidence
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Witnesses
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Q1) A mental evaluation will be conducted if there is a question about the competency of a person who is being called to testify as a witness at trial.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Can the defense impeach Becky if she testifies at trial
A)No, only expert witnesses can be impeached.
B)No, only individuals who are not telling the truth can be impeached at trial.
C)No, the defense can try to show that Becky is not competent to be a witness at a voir dire hearing, but if the judge roles she is a competent witness she cannot be impeached.
D)Yes, the defense is entitled to try to impeach all prosecution witnesses.
Q3) Explain what lay witnesses are allowed to testify about.Give 3 examples of what lay witness would be allowed to testify about and 3 things that would not be allowed.
Q4) Corroborative evidence merely restates what has already been introduced into evidence.
A)True
B)False
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Crime Scene Evidence and Experiments
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Q1) A ballistics expert is used exclusively to determine if a bullet was fired from a particular gun.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Real evidence includes:
A)physical items
B)documents
C)digital pictures
D)all of these are types of real evidence
Q3) Would sending the bullets to a ballistics expert be a good idea
A)Yes, test should be high priority because the ballistics examiner will be able to tell what model gun was used.
B)Yes, but it is not urgent because the ballistics expert cannot match the bullet until a gun has been recovered and test fired.
C)No, ballistics testing is only allowed if the gun was found at the crime scene.
D)No, because any usable evidence was destroyed when the bullet was lodged in the wall.
Q4) Explain the importance of scientific evidence in criminal trials.
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Chapter 8: Documentary Evidence, Models, Maps, and Diagrams
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Q1) If lay witnesses authenticate a handwritten document, the opposing side will NOT be allowed to call a forensic document examiner to establish that the document is a forgery.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All documents must be authenticated except those with the seal of a notary or a government agency.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An acknowledgement is a form signed by a person who has compared a copy of a document to the original and verified that there are no alterations.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is an accepted way of authenticating a document at trial
A)testimony of forensic document examiner
B)testimony of a person who observed the document being signed
C)testimony of a clerk who typed the document
D)all of these
Q5) Explain how the Business Records Exception to the Hearsay Rule..
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Chapter 9: Hearsay and Its Exceptions
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Q1) The Ancient Documents Exception to the Hearsay Rule is no longer used in United States courts.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A person's explanation to the police that last year he/she stole money while under extreme duress is admissible under the Mental or Physical State Exception to the Hearsay Rule.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Former Testimony Exception to the Hearsay Rule allows a transcript of sworn testimony to be used at trial.This would apply to testimony taken at:
A)A preliminary hearing in the same case
B)Any criminal or civil proceeding in the same jurisdiction
C)A previous trial of the same defendant on any type of charges
D)All of these would qualify under the Former Testimony Exception to the Hearsay Rule
Q4) Explain why the Hearsay Rule was developed and why the admission of hearsay in a criminal trial may violate the defendant's Sixth Amendment rights.
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Chapter 10: Privileged Communications
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Q1) Both the laws regarding privileges and the Hearsay Rule must be satisfied in order to have a confidential communication admitted at trial.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is an exception to the privilege not to testify against a spouse
A)spouse abuse
B)abuse of the spouse's children
C)failure to pay child support
D)all of these are exceptions
Q3) Can Veronica prevent Wes from testifying based on the Husband-Wife Privilege Not to Testify against Each Other
A)Yes, Veronica can if the state where she lives makes the defendant the holder of the privilege and her divorce is not final when Wes is called to testify.
B)Yes, Veronica can because both spouses hold the privilege and can prevent the other spouse from testifying as long as they are still married.
C)No, the privilege cannot be used in criminal cases.
D)No, a spouse who is a defendant cannot invoke the privilege.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Developing Law of Search and Seizure
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Q1) The Fruit of the Poison Tree Doctrine:
A)makes all evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment inadmissible at trial
B) makes evidence derived from evidence found in violations of the Fourth Amendment inadmissible at trial
C)only applies to evidence obtained in violation of the Fifth Amendment D)was abolished by the Supreme Court in the Wong Sun case
Q2) Evidence officers seized in violation of the Fourth Amendment is admissible if the same evidence was discovered by an independent source using appropriate methods that do not violate the suspect's constitutional rights.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The facts presented to a judge to support issuing a search warrant should be very detailed because:
A)only one request for a search warrant is allowed per case.
B)the judge will use them to independently decide if there is probable cause.
C)they must establish beyond a reasonable doubt where the evidence is located.
D)the prosecutor will rely on them at the Preliminary Hearing.
Q4) Describe what should be done when officers execute a search warrant in a home.
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Chapter 12: Field Interviews, Arrests, and Jail Searches
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Q1) Explain a police officer's right to detain someone for questioning when the officer does not have probable cause to arrest the person and the person will not consent to the detention.Is the officer allowed to use a gun under these circumstances Explain.
Q2) What are the potential consequences if a police officer uses more force than was necessary to make an arrest
A)The case can be sent to the Internal Affairs for the departmental discipline
B)The case can be sent to the prosecutor for criminal charges
C)The victim can file the federal civil case for the violation of constitutional rights.
D)all of these can be done in excessive force cases
Q3) Probable cause to arrest requires facts that:
A)make an officer conclude criminal activity is occurring
B)make a reasonable officer conclude that a crime has occurred
C)make a reasonable person conclude that a crime has occurred
D)establish a moral certainty that a crime has occurred
Q4) Explain an officer's rights based on Terry v.Ohio: (1) search a person; and (2) search a vehicle the person was in when stopped.
Q5) Explain the Fourth Amendment standard for the use of force.
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Chapter 13: Plain View, Consent, Vehicles, and Administrative Searches
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Q1) The rationale the Supreme Court has used when deciding cases involving vehicle searches is:
A)vehicles were not protected at the time the Fourth Amendment was adopted.
B)vehicles that people sleep in, such as RV's, have privacy protection but other vehicles do not.
C)vehicles have lower level of privacy due to the fact that it is easy to see into them on the streets.
D)vehicles have lower level of privacy because they are personal property rather than real estate.
Q2) In which of the following situations would the Plain View Doctrine apply
A)Execution of search warrant
B)Probable cause search of vehicle
C)Aerial surveillance from police helicopter
D)All of these fall under the Plain View Doctrine
Q3) Once trash is placed at the curb for the garbage truck, officers may search it without a warrant.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the search and seizure rules which apply to abandoned property.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Usa Patriot Act, Foreign Intelligence, and Other Electronic Surveillance
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Q1) "Trap and trace" devices record conversations made on the phone after the device is installed.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Exclusionary Rule that is part of the Wiretap Act of 1968 states that information obtained using wiretaps that were not obtained in compliance with this Act is not admissible:
A)in criminal trials.
B)during Grand Jury hearings.
C)before any government agency.
D)in any hearing, trial or other proceeding.
Q3) A Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) warrant can authorize seizure of physical items.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Most of the crimes currently listed in the Wiretap Act were added by the USA PATRIOT Act.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Self-Incrimination
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Q1) If a suspect was arrested and questioned in violation of Miranda, a voluntary statement obtained during a subsequent interrogation session will be admissible at trial:
A)As long as Miranda warnings are given correctly prior to obtaining the second interrogation
B)Only if the suspect was released from custody for at least 24 hours before the second session
C)If Miranda warnings were given correctly prior to the second interrogation session, the Fruit of the Poison Tree analysis will be used to determine if they are admissible Never
Q2) Which of the following would be considered a volunteered statement for purposes of Miranda
A)Statement a person makes before police initiate questioning
B)Statement a person makes during interrogation that is not in response to a question
C)Statement a person makes without coercion
D)All of the above qualify as volunteered statements
Q3) Compare and contrast interrogation during a stop based on reasonable suspicion and one after arrest.
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17
Chapter 16: Identification Procedures
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Q1) When deciding if a showup held prior to arrest satisfies Due Process, the judge will consider:
A)Whether there was an emergency that justified conducting a showup instead of a lineup
B)Whether the eyewitness had a good opportunity to view the suspect while the crime was being committed
C)Whether there was probable cause to detain the suspect at the scene for the showup
D)All of these will be considered when evaluating Due Process
Q2) Which of the following statements is true
A)A showup in the field is the easiest procedure to conduct because only the suspect is involved.
B)A lineup held before trial is the easiest to conduct because the defense attorney will attend and correct any errors the police make
C)A lineup held after arrest is the easiest to conduct because the defense attorney must provide a list of instructions before the procedure starts.
D)A showup at the jail is the easiest procedure to conduct because there are plenty of individuals to use in the showup.
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Chapter 17: Preparing the Case for Court
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Q1) The officer who takes the case to the prosecutor should be prepared to:
A)state the evidence that supports each element of the crime.
B)discuss any weaknesses in the case.
C)discuss the suspect's criminal history in detail.
D)He/she should be able to discuss all of these.
Q2) Only uncooperative witnesses need to be subpoenaed.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A subpoena is:
A)a document ordering a person to appear at the police station for questioning.
B)a document ordering a person to appear in court and testify.
C)a document ordering the arrest of a person the prosecution believes will flee the jurisdiction to avoid testifying at trial.
D)a document granting a person immunity if he/she testifies at trial.
Q4) Who is usually responsible for preserving the physical evidence until trial
A)Police
B)Prosecution
C)Courts
D)Independent firm
Q5) Explain the investigating officer's duties regarding trial witnesses.
Page 19
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