Introduction to Criminal Justice Test
Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Criminal Justice provides students with a comprehensive overview of the American criminal justice system, exploring its key components: law enforcement, courts, and corrections. The course examines the historical development, structure, and function of each part, while focusing on the interactions among police, legal professionals, and correctional institutions. Through case studies, current events, and theoretical perspectives, students analyze the processes of criminal law, rights of the accused, and societal responses to crime. By the end of the course, students gain a foundational understanding of how justice is administered and the challenges faced by those working within the system.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Corrections 2nd Edition by Robert D. Hanser
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17 Chapters
527 Verified Questions
527 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Early History of Punishment and the
Development of Prisons in the United States
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is the correct timeline for the opening of early American prisons?
A) Eastern Penitentiary, Western Penitentiary, Auburn Prison, Walnut Street Jail, Old Newgate Prisoc
B) Old Newgate Prison, Walnut Street Jail, Auburn Prison, Western Penitentiary, Eastern Penitentiary
C) Old Newgate Prison, Auburn Prison, Eastern Penitentiary, Walnut Street Jail, Western Penitentiary
D) Auburn Prison, Old Newgate Prison, Walnut Street Jail, Eastern Penitentiary, Western Penitentiary
Answer: B
Q2) Prior to the Civil War, separate laws were required of free slaves and free men who turned criminal.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q3) The Martinson Report argued that rehabilitation greatly reduced recidivism.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
3
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Chapter 2: Ideological and Theoretical Underpinnings to Corrections
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Q1) Most offenders convicted of a criminal offense are assessed a period of incarceration.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) One type of mandatory minimum sentence is the "three strikes and you're out" law.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) According to Neubauer (2002), the most commonly cited forms of disparity in sentencing involve __________ and __________.
A) Geography; Judicial attitudes
B) Defendants' race; Victims' race
C) Defendants' race; Judicial attitudes
D) Victims' race; Geography
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Correctional Law and Legal Liabilities
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Q1) In the vast majority of cases, negligence suits do not actually win, particularly if the offender adheres to agency policy.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Which philosophical orientation contends that crime is suffering and the ending of crime is only possible with the ending of suffering?
A) Retributive criminology
B) Determinate criminology
C) Indeterminate criminology
D) Peacemaking criminology
Answer: D
Q3) A consent decree is an injunction that requires __________________.
A) that both the defendant and the plaintiff agree to work out the terms
B) that the defendant agrees to the terms
C) that the plaintiff agrees to work out the terms
D) that the judge makes the final decision
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Jail and Detention Facilities
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Q1) This system provides all the information needed to manage data and processes for jails of any size or complexity.
A) SENTRY System
B) CCTV
C) SmartJAIL
D) DSM-IV
Q2) Which state developed the matrix system, a system designed to release inmates early from the jail when the facility's population exceeds the capacity of the structure?
A) Texas
B) Virginia
C) Oregon
D) Wisconsin
Q3) Which is not a common specialized need that emerges in the jail setting?
A) Substance-abusing offenders
B) Mental health issues of offenders
C) Suicide of offenders
D) Food complaints of offenders
Q4) Discuss the characteristics and challenges of metropolitan jail systems.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Probation
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Q1) In many cases, probation is administered through the same jurisdiction that also oversees the jailhouse.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which stage of probation revocation proceedings provides the offender an opportunity to refute the evidence provided?
A) Preliminary hearing
B) Hearing stage
C) Arraignment
D) Sentencing stage
Q3) Probation offers a dual role: law enforcers and brokers of services. These two spectrums, working in seeming contraction with one another, mean that four basic categories emerge that describe the officer's general tendency when supervising officers. Identify and explain the four categories.
Q4) Which is the first stage of the revocation proceeding?
A) Sentencing stage
B) Preliminary hearing
C) Hearing stage
D) Adjudication hearing
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Chapter 6: Intermediate Sanctions
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Q1) Every state has some type of notification process when sex offenders are released into the community. Commonly, these requirements fall under __________ law.
A) John's
B) Jessica's
C) Megan's
D) Charlie's
Q2) Currently, there is no single definition of intermediate sanctions.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Center for Sex Offender Management is operated by:
A) The Federal Bureau of Investigation.
B) The U.S. Department of Justice.
C) The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children.
D) The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
Q4) Probation is a form of an intermediate sanction.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Define the term intermediate sanctions and describe its purpose. In addition, identify and define at least eight different intermediate sanctions.
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Chapter 7: Correctional Facilities
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Q1) Additional services, such as religion and recreation, eliminate idle inmate hands and minds and also give administrators some leverage in the control of inmate behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Identify and discuss the three different modern security-level facility designs for prisons.
Q3) Which prison system is commonly referred to as a "telephone pole design"?
A) Pennsylvania Prisons
B) The Bastille
C) Auburn/Sing Sing Model
D) Panopticon
Q4) __________ in correctional facilities can occur when the design has certain areas of the prison that are obscured from easy view of security staff and/or surveillance equipment.
A) Internal security breaches
B) Danger zones
C) Blind spots
D) Isolation zones
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Chapter 8: Classification and Custody Levels
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define security levels and describe the five security levels within the Bureau of Prisons.
Q2) Historically, the majority of all offenders were housed together within correctional facilities.
A)True
B)False
Q3) This Supreme Court case found that the totality of prison conditions should not become so deplorable as to violate constitutional expectations for inmates.
A) Palmigiano v. Garrahy (1977)
B) Morris v. Travisono (1970)
C) Holt v. Sarver (1969)
D) Farmer v. Brennan (1994)
Q4) The first stage of this classification system placed the convict in segregated confinement with work and training being provided to the offender.
A) Irish penal system
B) Mark system
C) Elmira reformatory system
D) English penal system
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Prison Subculture and Prison Gang Influence
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Q1) Among all inmates, it is the __________ who is considered the lowest of the low among other inmates.
A) child molester
B) snitch
C) rapist
D) murderer
Q2) Because correctional staff interacts with inmates on a daily basis, a sense of understanding develops among correctional staff but not between the staff and the inmate population.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The issues that confront women who work in corrections tend to be distinct from the issues that confront men who work in corrections.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Most correctional officers and most inmates know the background of other inmates.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Female Offenders in Correctional Systems
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Q1) Which is an example of a public order offense for which women were incarcerated in reformatories?
A) Homicide
B) Serial premarital pregnancies
C) Burglary
D) Child abuse
Q2) Of the offending population, no more than roughly __________ are women, depending on whether one is talking about jails, prisons, community supervision, or the combination of each of these three.
A) 1% to 5%
B) 15% to 20%
C) 20% to 25%
D) 8% to 10%
Q3) There are three critical, interrelated issues in the lives of women offenders. Which is not one of these issues?
A) Substance abuse
B) Trauma
C) Mental health
D) Pregnancy
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Specialized Inmate Populations
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Q1) At what point do mental health care services begin within correctional facilities?
A) Medication
B) Assessment
C) Treatment
D) Screening
Q2) The general public consensus is that __________ is the best sentence of sex offenders.
A) long-term incarceration
B) capital punishment
C) day reporting centers
D) home confinement
Q3) Identify and distinguish between elderly first-time offenders, habitual elderly offenders, and offender-turned-elderly-in-prison.
Q4) During the first few weeks of being received, an inmate is required to be given a medical screening or examination.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Juvenile Correctional Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which state established the first juvenile court?
A) New York
B) Pennsylvania
C) Illinois
D) Georgia
Q2) Youth who are transferred to adult court may be kept in prisons.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The juvenile system is unique from adult corrections.
A)True
B)False
Q4) __________ occurs when a parent or caretaker of the child does not provide the proper or necessary support, education, medical, or other remedial care that is required by a given state's law.
A) Physical abuse
B) Sexual abuse
C) Child neglect
D) Psychological abuse
Q5) Discus racial/ethnic disparity in juvenile detention and incarceration. What are possible reasons for this disparity?
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Chapter 13: Correctional Administration
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Q1) The term __________ refers to persons who have been vested with an official title by the agency and who tend to be focusing on the process of completing functions of operations within the prison facility.
A) Management
B) Leadership
C) Administrators
D) Response Team
Q2) This model of management creates a formal organizational system that operates in a system that is not dependent upon the specific personnel or personalities assigned within it.
A) Proactive styles of management
B) Authoritarian forms of management
C) Bureaucratic forms of management
D) The participative method of management
Q3) Who is the head administrator in a prison?
A) Major
B) Warden
C) Captain
D) Lieutenant
Q4) Explain the job position of a prison warden.
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Chapter 14: Prison Programming
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Q1) The view of prison programming, which contends that inmates are entitled to no more than the bare minimum that is required by law, is known as the work/education reform view.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In detoxification programs, inmate success depends upon ________.
A) the inmate's willingness to remain drug-free after the detoxification
B) following established protocols from drug administration and withdrawal
C) the inmate's frequent attendance at meetings
D) the inmate's willingness to rely on a senior member or sponsor
Q3) Discuss how the War on Drugs impacted inmate access to higher education.
Q4) The __________ requires government respect for, and noninterference with, the religious beliefs and practices of the U.S. American people.
A) Religious Land Use Clause
B) Establishment Clause
C) Free Exercise Clause
D) Institutionalized Persons Clause
Q5) The Quakers were largely against the use of education for prison inmates.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Parole and Reintegration
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Q1) Which era of correctional thought advocated for limited use of incarceration, preferring probation for nonviolent offenders?
A) Medical model era
B) Reintegration era
C) Crime control model era
D) Tough-on-crime model era
Q2) This was the first state to abolish parole.
A) Oregon
B) Minnesota
C) North Carolina
D) Maine
Q3) The use of parole boards no longer exists within the federal justice system.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The key concern when granting parole is __________.
A) the probability of recidivism
B) prison populations
C) cost of incarceration
D) public perception
Q5) Explain Braithwaite's theory of shaming and reintegration.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: The Death Penalty
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Q1) Currently, the majority of states (with the death penalty) and the federal government authorize __________ as the sole method of execution.
A) the gas chamber
B) hanging
C) the firing squad
D) lethal injection
Q2) Prosecutors are overwhelming Caucasian.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Witness accounts of many botched executions over the years have caused __________ to be largely replaced with a different method of execution.
A) the gas chamber
B) electrocution
C) lethal injection
D) the firing squad
Q4) Identify the U.S. Supreme Court case and explain the reasoning behind their decision to abolish the death penalty in the United States.
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Chapter 17: Program Evaluation, Evidence-Based Practices, and Future Trends in Corrections
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Sample Questions
Q1) The costs associated with the elderly inmate are exponentially higher than those associated with the average inmate.
A)True
B)False
Q2) State correctional systems have had more legal problems related to the constitutionality of their operations than private systems.
A)True
B)False
Q3) There are three basic types of evaluation. Which of the following is not one of the basic types?
A) Implementation
B) Process
C) Outcome
D) Formula
Q4) Discuss the importance of evaluating staffing quality within correctional agencies.
Q5) Increasingly, technology has become less reliable in the field of corrections.
A)True
B)False
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