Introduction to Criminal Justice Research Exam
Review
Course Introduction
Introduction to Criminal Justice Research provides students with foundational knowledge and skills needed to understand, evaluate, and conduct research within the field of criminal justice. This course covers the basic principles of the scientific method, research ethics, and a variety of research designs commonly used in the discipline, including qualitative and quantitative approaches. Students learn how to formulate research questions, collect and analyze data, and interpret findings relevant to topics such as crime trends, law enforcement practices, corrections, and judicial processes. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking, the evaluation of existing research, and the application of research findings to real-world criminal justice issues.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Research Methods for Criminal Justice 3rd Edition by Frank E. Hagan
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11 Chapters
835 Verified Questions
835 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Criminal Justice
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99 Verified Questions
99 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The independent variable in a study is:
A) the variable which causes the other variables
B) the variable which is caused by the other variables
C) sometimes called the outcome variable
D) denoted by the letter X
Answer: A
Q2) Concepts are:
A) abstract tags put on reality
B) general statements regarding the relationship between variables
C) the variable one is attempting to predict
D) specific statements regarding the relationship between Variables
Answer: A
Q3) It is standard practice in research to refer to the variable one wishes to predict as being the dependent or outcome variable.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) _________________ are abstract tags put on reality.
Answer: Concepts
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Chapter 2: Ethics in Criminal Justice Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Regulations regarding maintenance of confidentiality in criminal justice research: A) are required of any NIJ-funded research
B) are solely the responsibility of the researcher
C) are not necessary
D) are required in exceptional cases
Answer: A
Q2) Federal procedures for prior review of human subjects re search is evidence of failure of professional associations to have won public trust.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Ethical guidelines of the Department of _________________ provide a model for most other federal agencies with respect to informed consent and protection of human subjects in social and biomedical research.
Answer: Health and Human services
Q4) The Department of _________________ guidelines are the most widely followed regulations for social science research in the U.S.
Answer: Health and Human Services
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Chapter 3: Research Design: the Experimental Model and Its Variations
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103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _________________ occurs when researchers choose nonequivalent groups for comparison.
Answer: Selection bias
Q2) The Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment claimed to demonstrate that arrest of wife abusers was the most effec tive strategy in reducing recidivism.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Part of the widespread acceptance of the Minneapolis Domestic Experiment was related to the very aggressive dissemination of the study's findings.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The analysis of a single variable at many successive time periods is called:
A) a cross-sectional design
B) a time series design
C) an ex post facto design
D) a regression design
Answer: B
Page 5
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Chapter 4: The Uniform Crime Reports and Sampling
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the classification of data gathering approaches in the text, the use of the Uniform Crime Reports for research purposes would be considered an example of:
A) an experiment
B) survey research
C) participant observation
D) unobtrusive measures
Q2) _________________ is a research strategy in which the researcher observes a group by participating, to varying degrees, in the activities of the group.
Q3) The National Incident-Based Reporting System requires detailed data on individual crime incidents and arrests using separate reports for each incident/arrest.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The UCR Crime Index is an unweighted one; that is, a murder has the same importance in the overall index as bicycle theft.
A)True
B)False
Q5) _________________ sampling is a nonprobability stratified sample.
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Chapter 5: Survey Research: Questionnaires
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Sample Questions
Q1) Surveys record either expressed attitudes or claimed behavior and seldom the behavior itself.
A)True
B)False
Q2) groups are purposively selected groups brought to gether in order to measure their reaction to some stimuli.
Q3) Offering remuneration in mail surveys is not a useful practice with all populations being surveyed.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A is a reconnaissance operation or exploratory testing of the instrument using subjects who are similar to the group to be studied.
Q5) Purposively selected groups of volunteers who are brought together in order to record their reactions or attitudes regarding products, candidate speeches, and the like are:
A) exit polls
B) focus groups
C) snowball samples
D) rotated panels
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Chapter 6: Survey Research: Interviews and Telephone Surveys
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Sample Questions
Q1) The moving of a previous incident into the time period being studied is called:
A) bounding
B) rotation
C) screening
D) telescoping
Q2) Menard's comparison showed that, while the UCR showed steadily increasing rates of crime, the NCVS and National Youth Survey indicated stable or decreasing rates.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Branching procedures refer to:
A) the initial questions asked in an interview
B) probing
C) bounding
D) a line of questioning used for sensitive items in telephone surveys
Q4) _________________ figure of crime was the term European criminologists used to refer to unrecorded crime.
Q5) _________________ is the name (or acronym) for the use of laptop computers in conducting personal interviews.
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Chapter 7: Participant Observation and Case Studies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is not a major problem with participant observation?
A) gaining acceptance
B) maintaining objectivity
C) artificiality
D) avoiding aversion
Q2) _________________ are in-depth, qualitative studies of one or a few illustrative cases.
Q3) In single subject designs, the time interval is usually divided into A (the _________________ period) and B (the _________________ period).
Q4) A type of research strategy in which the researcher takes a more qualitative, sensitizing strategy and immerses himself/ herself in the subject matter describes:
A) single subject designs
B) unobtrusive measures
C) a verstehen strategy
D) observer as participant
Q5) _________________ is a situation in which the researcher identifies with and becomes a member of the study group, and in the process abandons his or her role as an objective researcher.
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Chapter 8: Unobtrusive Measures, Secondary Analysis, and the
Uses of Official Statistics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss and give some examples of the major types of unobtrusive methods.
Q2) Simulation involves the transfer of observations into numerical scores.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Confederates refer to those who intrude and eventually de stroy one's ability to perform an unobtrusive study.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The "hatching chick exhibit" example was used in order to illustrate physical trace analysis.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A statistical analysis of data from many different studies dealing with the same research question to determine general findings describes:
A) factor analysis
B) physical trace analysis
C) meta-analysis
D) small space analysis
10
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Chapter 9: Validity, Reliability, and Triangulated Strategies
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Sample Questions
Q1) The text takes the point of view that the validity of a scale can be proven.
A)True
B)False
Q2) _________________ validity asks whether the instrument in question does, in fact, measure what it has been designated to measure.
Q3) Criminal justice researchers agree that official statistics are a valid criterion with which to compare self-admission reports.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Triangulation is another name for:
A) convergent validity
B) construct validity
C) pragmatic validity
D) concurrent validity
Q5) _________________ are preliminary studies conducted with a few subjects to test the instrument and uncover any obvious problems before administering it to the study population.
Q6) _________________ is concerned with the stability and consistency of measurement.
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Chapter 10: Scaling and Index Construction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Missing items in a Likert scale are handled by:
A) discarding any with missing items
B) assigning highest score value
C) assigning average score value
D) assigning lowest score value
Q2) Which scaling procedure employs judges in order to select appropriate items?
A) Thurstone
B) Likert
C) Guttman
D) Bogardus
Q3) _________________ scales consist of a simple summation of usually a 5 point bipolar response ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree.
Q4) What is the purpose of scale and index construction? How useful are these efforts in the area of criminal justice research? What are the relative advantages/disadvantages of scales?
Q5) _________________ are patterns of consistent responses by respondents who appear uninterested in reading all of the items.
Q6) A Likert scale eliminates items that do not _________________ between the highest and lowest scores.
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Chapter 11: Policy Analysis and Evaluation Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following was not identified as one of the five NIJ criteria in its evaluation process?
A) technical merit
B) political sponsorship
C) importance of the research
D) qualifications of applicant
Q2) Progress in criminal justice requires that every program be evaluated.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Evaluation research:
A) was begun with legislation creating LEAA in 1968
B) is quite different methodologically from the standard research methods discussed in the text
C) measures the effects of a program in terms of its specific goals
D) is relatively inexpensive and quick
Q4) The study of "what governments do or do not do" is a description of:
A) evaluation research
B) policy analysis
C) problem formulation
D) factor analysis
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