Introduction to Criminal Justice Final
Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Criminal Justice provides students with a comprehensive overview of the American criminal justice system, exploring its three primary components: law enforcement, the courts, and corrections. The course examines the history, development, and current practices of each sector, as well as the legal principles and constitutional rights that underpin the system. Students will analyze key issues such as crime measurement, criminal law, policing strategies, judicial processes, correctional philosophies, and the impact of public policy on justice administration. Designed as a foundation for further study in criminal justice, this course encourages critical thinking about the effectiveness, fairness, and challenges facing the contemporary justice system.
Recommended Textbook
Criminal Justice in Canada 7th Edition by Colin Goff
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1952 Verified Questions
1952 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: An Overview of the Criminal Justice System in Canada
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142 Verified Questions
142 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Criminal Code does not include a specific crime of euthanasia.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q2) Which court hears the majority of criminal cases in Canada?
A)superior
B)supreme
C)federal
D)provincial
Answer: D
Q3) Discuss the four elements Tyler (1990)highlights regarding the legitimacy of procedural justice.Which,if any,do you feel are attainable in Canada's criminal justice institutions?
Answer: Answers will vary.
Q4) The Canadian Police Information Centre (CPIC)is an automated national computer system used by all Canadian police services.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Criminal Law and Criminal Justice in Canada
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145 Verified Questions
145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Educated guesses by the police about possible wrongdoing form the basis of reasonable grounds to arrest someone.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) What is missing when people commit a crime in self-defence or while under duress?
A)actus reus
B)mens rea
C)motive
D)intent
Answer: B
Q3) When the police detain and/or arrest an accused offender,what type of law focuses on the importance of how the rights and duties of individuals can be enforced?
A)substantive criminal law
B)the rule of law
C)statute law
D)procedural criminal law
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Control Philosophy and Criminal Justice Policy
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Canada,provincial governments are always responsible for determining the proportionality of sentences that link a criminal offence to its punishment.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) What is the essential factor of the justice model?
A)the punishment must be proportionate to the crime
B)an indirect relationship exists between the seriousness of the offence and the severity of the punishment.
C)any personal circumstances of individuals involved in a crime are to be ignored
D)the only information that needs to be known about the offender is their prior record
Answer: A
Q3) The justice model crime control philosophy guarantees due process rights for all persons accused of committing a crime.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Crime Rates, Crime Trends, and Criminal
Victimization in Canada
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Sample Questions
Q1) What was the sentence Bernie Madoff received for operating a Ponzi scheme in the United States?
A)25 years in prison
B)50 years in prison
C)75 years in prison
D)150 years in prison
Q2) According to the 2009 General Social Survey,what percent of all violent incidents committed by a single offender were reported to the police?
A)37 percent
B)28 percent
C)20 percent
D)15 percent
Q3) According to the 2009 General Social Survey,how many victimizations were reported to the police?
A)22 percent
B)31 percent
C)40 percent
D)56 percent
Q4) Discuss the nature and extent of forcible confinement in Canada today.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Context of Policing
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Sample Questions
Q1) The RCMP has complete authority in all provinces and territories for enforcing federal statutes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The 2009 GSS regarding policing returned results showing that the police being approachable was the most important factor for the public.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Although private security is growing,police officers still outnumber private security.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Like the trend to decreased numbers in policing overall,women in policing also fall under the decreasing numbers trend.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Today,there are over 140,000 private security guards licensed in Canada.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: The Practice of Policing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss a particular crime for which you feel problem-oriented policing using the scanning,analysis,response,and assessment model (SARA)would be beneficial.Highlight what should be implemented in each stage of the model regarding this crime.
Q2) Police in New York City were only to stop,search,and question individuals who had major infractions with the law.
A)True
B)False
Q3) From Table 6.2 in the textbook,which compares the various policing models in terms of social interaction or structural dimension,what is the model that incorporates a law enforcement focus of policing?
A)traditional policing
B)community policing
C)problem-oriented policing
D)zero tolerance policing
Q4) Discuss the criticisms surrounding the reactive style of policing and the changes that were made due to those criticisms.
Q5) Define racial profiling within the policing community and discuss the two theories that try to explain racial profiling.
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Chapter 7: The Police and the Law
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170 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which case was the first in Canada involving the admissibility of evidence obtained by an undercover officer?
A)Rothman v.The Queen
B)R.v.Oickle
C)Feeney v.The Queen
D)Nowlin v.The Queen
Q2) Which of the following is NOT an element of procedural fairness?
A)participation
B)neutrality
C)treatment with dignity and respect
D)procedures and rules
Q3) A police officer approaches a home where he knows a person is being held against their wishes.He has received information from a neighbour that a person has a weapon and is yelling threats of harm to the hostage.The police enter the dwelling without a search warrant due to changes in which bill?
A)Bill C-3
B)Bill C-16
C)Bill C-21
D)Bill C-25
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Pretrial Criminal Procedure
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133 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Plea bargaining always occurs prior to the start of the trial.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is a s.553 offence?
A)keeping a game or betting house
B)bribery by the holder of a judicial office
C)murder
D)treason
Q3) What are the four different types of pleas and how do they relate to section 469 and section 553 offences?
Q4) In Canada,often the lawyers will discuss plea bargains privately with a judge.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following is NOT an advantage of plea bargaining?
A)increases the efficiency of our criminal justice system
B)reduces operating costs
C)the wrong person might plead guilty
D)reduces trauma felt by victims
Q6) Discuss the history,role,and importance of disclosure.
Q7) Timeline the history and highlight the importance of a bail hearing.
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Chapter 9: The Courts and Criminal Trial Procedure
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139 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) To maintain their credibility,prosecutors attempt to gain as many guilty verdicts as possible.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What model of the functions of the courts focuses on the speed at which the courts can work?
A)the justice model
B)the crime control model
C)the deterrence model
D)the bureaucratic function model
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a factor that should be taken into consideration when deciding whether legal counsel is necessary?
A)language skills
B)marital status
C)education
D)financial situation
Q4) In Canada,all those convicted of a crime are allowed a direct criminal appeal.
A)True
B)False
Q5) List and explain who and how appeals work in Canada's criminal justice system.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Sentences and Dispositions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Matthew is a Black man who is being sentenced for a crime.Which model holds that extralegal factors such as Matthew's race should not be considered?
A)rehabilitation
B)the justice model
C)healing
D)selective incapacitation
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a rationale for punishment imposed by the courts?
A)deterrence
B)rehabilitation
C)reintegration
D)selective incapacitation
Q3) What section of the Criminal Code was at issue in R.v.Gladue?
A)s.718.1(f)
B)s.621(a)
C)s.718.2(e)
D)s.721(a)
Q4) Discuss the American experience when mandatory minimum sentences are introduced into the criminal justice system.Identify and discuss any three of the important issues to consider when mandatory minimum sentences are introduced.
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Chapter 11: Offenders Supervised in the Community
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Sample Questions
Q1) In an evaluation of electronic monitoring programs in Canada,the researchers concluded that these programs reduce the recidivism rates of offenders more effectively than custody or probation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is NOT an example of a reason for a temporary absence?
A)medical
B)family and community contact
C)religious
D)administrative
Q3) In intensive probation,supervision is graduated.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The most commonly cited advantage of intensive supervision probation programs are the small probation officer-client ratios.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Provincial parole boards have the power to grant day parole.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Corrections in Canada
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Sample Questions
Q1) How many regional mental health units are there across Canada?
A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6
Q2) Minimum security is defined as when the inmate is not likely to escape,but if they did they might cause harm in the community.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Kevin is an Aboriginal male inmate serving time in a federal facility.How will Kevin NOT likely be released from incarceration?
A)statutory release
B)warrant expiry
C)parole
D)conditional release
Q4) Highlight and discuss the problems,mistakes,and structural weaknesses noted by the Office of the Correctional Investigator surrounding deaths in custody,serious assaults,and self-harming incidents during 2011-12.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Community Reintegration
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dynamic factors involve those characteristics of the offender that can be changed through correctional programming.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Between 2003 and 2008,what percent of Aboriginal offenders were first released at their warrant expiry date?
A)5 percent
B)6 percent
C)7 percent
D)8 percent
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a key program offered in the Integrated Correctional Program Model?
A)family violence
B)offender education
C)training in a trade
D)substance abuse
Q4) Discuss in detail all aspects of the theory of risk assessment.
Q5) Discuss the criteria used by the Parole Board of Canada in its decisions to release inmates into the community.
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