Introduction to Criminal Justice Final
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Course Introduction
Introduction to Criminal Justice provides students with a foundational understanding of the criminal justice system in the United States. The course explores the roles and functions of law enforcement, the courts, and corrections, examining how these components interact to maintain order and enforce laws. Students will learn about the history and development of criminal justice institutions, legal processes, key terminology, and the challenges facing the system today. The course also encourages critical analysis of current issues such as crime prevention, due process, policing strategies, sentencing, and the balance between individual rights and public safety.
Recommended Textbook
CJ2 2nd Edition by Larry K. Gaines
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17 Chapters
849 Verified Questions
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Criminal Justice Today
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Q1) Public order crime is defined as:
A) behavior that has been labeled criminal because it is contrary to shared values, customs and norms.
B) illegal acts carried out by illegal organizations engaged in the market for illegal goods or services.
C) nonviolent crimes committed by business entities or individuals to gain a personal or business advantage.
D) the interlocking network of law enforcement agencies, courts, and corrections institutions designed to enforce criminal laws.
Answer: A
Q2) __________ is the most common correctional treatment
That also allows the offender to return to the community and still remain under supervision.
A) Jail
B) Probation
C) Prison
D) Work ethic camp
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Causes of Crime
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Q1) Which of the following elements is NOT discussed as an important component of social disorganization theory?
A) Disorganized zones exhibit higher rates of crime.
B) Those who are labeled as criminals will exhibit more criminal behavior.
C) The value of role models with hope for the future.
D) Crime is largely a product of unfavorable conditions in certain communities.
Answer: B
Q2) A theory is an explanation of a happening or circumstance that is based on observation, experimentation, and reasoning.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Some adoption studies show that fraternal twins are considerably more likely to exhibit similar criminal behavior than identical twins.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Defining and Measuring Crime
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of ways the FBI presents the data compiled in the Uniform Crime Reports?
A) As a rate per 100,000 people
B) As an average per metropolitan statistical area
C) As a percentage change from the previous year or other time periods
D) As an aggregate, or a total number of crimes
Answer: B
Q2) The dark figure of crime is a term used to describe the actual amount of crime that takes place, including those crimes that go unreported.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) A felony is usually punishable by a fine and/or jail term of less than a year. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The _________ __________ _______________ is a general guide for criminal law that explains the various different degrees of criminal activity.
Answer: Model Penal Code
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Chapter 4: Inside Criminal Law
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons behind the three tests of insanity used by American courts?
A) He or she is not legally culpable because he or she cannot distinguish right from wrong.
B) He or she lacked substantial capacity to appreciate the wrongfulness of his or her conduct.
C) He or she lacked the age to fully understand the impact and wrongfulness of his or her conduct.
D) He or she may have known the criminal act was wrong, however, some irresistible impulse resulting from a mental deficiency drove him or her to commit the Crime.
Q2) Explain at least three of the constitutional amendments that are critical to the field of criminal justice.
Q3) __________ is a condition that, under early American law, excused young wrongdoers of criminal behavior because presumably they could not understand the consequences of their actions.
Q4) Explain why societies need laws to function and why they are important in American society?
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Law Enforcement Today
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Q1) Police officers primarily see themselves as:
A) crime fighters
B) peace preservers
C) public protectors
D) public servants
Q2) After surveying a year's worth of dispatch data from the Wilmington (Delaware) Police Department, researchers Jack Greene and Carl Klockars found that officers spent how much of their time enforcing the law or dealing with crimes?
A) one-fourth
B) half
C) two-thirds
D) three-fourths
Q3) Pinizzotto and Miller argue that an additional justification for police officer's use of discretion is because officers have a "sixth sense," also known as _______________, that helps them handle on-the-job challenges.
Q4) Discuss and explain at least three reasons why the field of private security continues to grow in the United States.
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Chapter 7: Police and the Constitution: The Rules of Law Enforcement
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Q1) Explain the exclusionary rule and the "fruit of the poisoned tree" doctrine. Describe how these rules/concepts affect police officers.
Q2) An arrest made without first seeking a warrant for the action is known as a
Q3) Which of the following is NOT one of the relevant factors in considering whether or not a consent to search was truly voluntary?
A) The written signature of the person giving consent.
B) The age, intelligence, and physical condition of the consenting suspect.
C) Any coercive behavior by the police, such as the language used to request consent.
D) The length of the questioning and its location.
Q4) Which of the following are police officers NOT allowed to do during a stop and frisk?
A) Briefly detain a person they reasonably believe to be suspicious
B) Pat down that person's outer clothing for weapons
C) Pat down that person's outer clothing for drugs
D) Talk to the person
Q5) Taking a person into custody who is suspected of criminal activity is called a/an
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Chapter 8: Courts and the Quest for Justice
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Q1) Being in charge of the docket is an administrative responsibility of the __________.
Q2) The legitimacy of the courts in the United States is based on two factors, impartiality and __________.
A) independence
B) jurisdiction
C) politics
D) statutes
Q3) Before any court can hear a case, it must have __________ over the persons involved in the case or its subject matter.
A) concurrent jurisdiction
B) jurisdiction
C) adjudication
D) legitimacy
Q4) The rehabilitation function of the court is based of which of the following models?
A) due process model
B) crime control model
C) medical model
D) psychological model
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Chapter 9: Pretrial Procedures: The Adversary System in Action
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT another name for a prosecutor?
A) mediator
B) attorney general
C) county prosecutor
D) district attorney
Q2) Explain at least three of the screening factors that prosecutors consider in deciding to prosecute.
Q3) The process through which prosecutors effect an overall reduction in the number of persons prosecuted is called __________.
Q4) Ideally, the defense attorney assures that the government proves every point against that client under the preponderance of evidence standard, even for cases that do not go to trial.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Grand juries are often compared to which of the following?
A) plea bargaining
B) assembly lines
C) the shield and the sword
D) wedding cake
Page 11
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Chapter 10: The Criminal Trial
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Q1) Voir dire is the preliminary questions that the trial attorneys ask prospective jurors.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A(n) __________ is a written statement that presents the party's legal arguments and precedents to support these.
A) appeal
B) brief
C) subpoena
D) notice
Q3) A challenge for cause is a racist challenge to exclude potential jurors from serving on the jury without any supporting reason or cause.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons for the state appeal process?
A) to correct an error made during the initial trial
B) to review policy
C) to review any evidence that may have been tainted
D) to set precedents
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Punishment and Sentencing
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Q1) What is the main reason that criminal justice professionals are beginning to use more rehabilitative strategies as a philosophy of punishment?
A) Rehabilitative strategies are more cost-effective.
B) Rehabilitative strategies put more people in prison.
C) Rehabilitative strategies have dramatically increased public support for punishment.
D) Rehabilitative strategies have decreased community involvement.
Q2) Explain the difference between sentencing disparity and sentencing discrimination.
Q3) Sentencing discrimination is a situation in which the length of a sentence appears to be influenced by the defendant's race or another factor not directly related to the crime he or she committed.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Juries must be involved in both stages of the bifurcated process.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A(n) __________ is an investigative report on an offender's background that assists a judge in determining the proper sentence.
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Chapter 12: Probation and Community Corrections
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Q1) Indeterminate sentencing guidelines are theoretically the same as community-based corrections.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Approximately how many adults are currently under the supervision of state and federal probation organizations in the United States?
A) 2.2 million
B) 4.2 million
C) 5.4 million
D) 10 million
Q3) One of the main reasons behind the philosophy of reintegration is the idea that:
A) Most offenders will be back in the community at some point in time anyway.
B) Most offenders will reoffend anyway.
C) Most offenders don't care whether they end up in prison anyway.
D) It is more expensive
Q4) A suspended sentence often places no conditions or supervision on the offender.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain how probation can be revoked.
Q6) Explain alternative sentencing arrangements.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Prisons and Jails
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Q1) As of 2011, imprisonment rates for women have been growing at ___ the rate of men. A) the same
B) two times
C) three times
D) seven times
Q2) If prison space is available, judges will be more likely to fill it.
A)True
B)False
Q3) There are more __________(race/ethnicity) men behind bars than enrolled in the nation's colleges and universities.
Q4) Explain what the concept of the "burden of jail administration" means.
Q5) Individuals who spend the time prior to their trial incarcerated in jail are called __________.
Q6) The imprisonment rates for women are growing slower than that of men. A)True B)False
Q7) The majority of jails in the United States are operated by the county sheriff. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Behind Bars: The Life of an Inmate
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Q1) According to Irwin, which of the following is NOT one of the patterns of inmate behavior that driven by the inmate's personality and values?
A) professional criminals adapt to prison by "doing time"
B) some convicts are more comfortable inside prison than outside
C) other inmates take advantage of prison resources to improve themselves
D) "organized" criminals exist on the fringes of prison society
Q2) Under which sex offender notification model do authorities directly notify the community or community representatives, through bulletins or posters that are distributed and posted within a certain distance from the offender's home?
A) penal
B) mandatory
C) passive
D) active
Q3) A pardon is when the prisoner has no right to be given an early release, but the government has granted her or him that privilege.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the process of parole revocation.
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Chapter 15: The Juvenile Justice System
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Q1) __________ is a term used to explain the fact that delinquency and criminal activity tends to decline with age.
Q2) Under the philosophy of parens patriae, who is responsible to step in when the child's wellbeing is not being looked after?
A) the parents
B) the grandparents
C) the community
D) the government
Q3) The process during which an official of the court decides whether to file a petition, release the juvenile, or place the juvenile under some other form of supervision is known as the referral.
A)True
B)False
Q4) __________ is a correctional institution for juveniles found to be delinquent.
A) residential treatment program
B) boot camp
C) training school
D) aftercare
Q5) Explain the development of the concept of parens patriae.
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Chapter 16: Homeland Security
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Q1) A visa is official authorization allowing a person to travel to and within the issuing country.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Federal agents are those individuals who are responsible for the protection and preservation of life and property immediately following a disaster.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is NOT one of the categories of WMDs?
A) biological weapons
B) chemical weapons
C) nuclear weapons
D) ecoweapons
Q4) Explain the internationalization of domestic terrorism.
Q5) In order to search a suspected terrorist's apartment and examine the contents of his or her computer, federal law enforcement does not need a court order based on probable cause that a crime has taken place or was about to take place.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Cyber Crime and the Future of Criminal Justice
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Q1) The introduction of illegally gained funds into the legal financial system with the Goal of covering up the funds' true origin is known as:
A) money laundering
B) digital currency
C) online banking
D) denial of service attack
Q2) _______________ is tThe application of computer technology to finding and utilizeing evidence of cyber crimes. is called __________.
Q3) The condition of not being recognized or having a traceable name or identity on the Internet is known as _________.
Q4) Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why the Internet is conductive to child pornography?
A) speed
B) security
C) regulation
D) anonymity
Q5) __________ is property resulting from intellectual, creative processes, such as books, films, or music.
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