Introduction to Criminal Justice
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Criminal Justice provides an overview of the criminal justice system in the United States, examining its key components: law enforcement, the courts, and corrections. The course explores the historical development of criminal justice practices, the roles and responsibilities of various criminal justice agencies, and the processes by which individuals are investigated, prosecuted, adjudicated, and sanctioned. Students will gain an understanding of how laws are created and enforced, as well as the challenges facing the system, including issues related to ethics, diversity, and due process. Through case studies and current events, the course encourages critical thinking about the effectiveness, fairness, and future directions of criminal justice policies and practices.
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Community Policing Partnerships for Problem Solving 8th Edition by Linda S. Miller
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Evolution of Community Policing
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Q1) In 1833,____________ became the first city to pay both day and night watchmen.
A)Boston
B)New York
C)Philadelphia
D)New England
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following was not a factor that led to the police being viewed as the "enemy" in the 1960s in America?
A)The antiwar movement
B)The Civil Rights movement
C)The Women's Rights movement
D)An emerging drug-using counterculture
Answer: C
Q3) Community policing is a philosophy of full-service,_______________ policing where the same officer patrols and works in the area on a permanent basis from a decentralized place.
Answer: personalized
Q4) A ___________________ shift is a new way of thinking about a specific subject.
Answer: paradigm
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Chapter 2: Inside Police Agencies: Understanding Mission and Culture
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Q1) This U.S.Supreme Court decision in Terry v.Ohio (1968)recognized the role that discretion plays in policing and
A)granted police the authority to conduct community policing field tests without court approval.
B)granted police the power to conduct a search without a warrant prior to arrest.
C)granted police authority to stop and question people in field interrogations.
D)granted police the authority to question people without having to read them their rights.
Answer: C
Q2) A police department might want to include the community's input when developing a mission statement because it
A)improves police-community relations.
B)decreases the possibility of the agency accomplishing its mission.
C)maintains officer support.
D)decreases community complaints.
Answer: A
Q3) Ethics involves integrity,honesty,values,standards,courage,and
Answer: civility
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Understanding and Involving the Community
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Q1) The broken windows phenomenon signifies
A)that people don't care about the neighborhood.
B)an impending crime wave.
C)an ineffective police force.
D)All of the above
Answer: A
Q2) A good relationship between private and public policing is important.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Displacement
A)often occurs in a community "soft" on crime.
B)applies to criminal activity that has moved to a new location due to increased police presence.
C)is linked to factors such as availability of jobs and level of education.
D)All of the above
Answer: B
Q4) The ______________ suggests that if it appears "no one cares," disorder and crime will thrive.
Answer: bowling alone phenomenon
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Problem Solving: Proactive Policing
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Q1) Animal abuse is a predictor of other violence and abusive behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to the authors,children in violent homes face all the following risks except:
A)Observing traumatic events
B)Being neglected
C)Being abused themselves
D)Being safe from abuse
Q3) The "S" in SARA represents A)scanning.
B)solution.
C)symptoms.
D)selection.
Q4) In crime-specific planning,the response is the responsibility of the A)criminal justice system.
B)community.
C)victim
D)All of the above
Q5) A hate crime is also called a ________________ crime.
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Chapter 5: Implementing Community Policing
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Q1) What is among the most important considerations in successfully implementing the community policing philosophy?
A)A strong community relationship
B)The backing of law enforcement
C)Gifted leadership in the community
D)Strong recruiting and selection of police personnel
Q2) Describe the advantages to having several officers assigned full time to community policing.
Q3) According to the text,in the recruitment and selection of officers for community policing,departments must look for diversity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) One common pitfall in implementation of community policing is the expectation that the results will be immediate and measurable.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The vision for each law enforcement department should be basically the same.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Communicating With a Diverse Population
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Q1) The use of ___________________,technical language of a profession,can be a barrier to communication.
Q2) According to the text,reasons victims give for not reporting a crime to the police include
A)the belief that the police will be unable to do anything.
B)fear that they won't be believed.
C)fear of reprisal and threats.
D)All of the above
Q3) Under the ADA,all government brochures and printed material must be available in Braille or on audiotape if requested.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The term ___________________ is sometimes used to refer to children exposed to cocaine while in the womb.They may exhibit social,emotional,and cognitive problems.
Q5) The disabilities that police officers encounter the most frequently are A)touch impairment.
B)kinesics impairment.
C)mobility impairment. D)taste impairment.
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Chapter 7: Building Partnerships: a Cornerstone of Community Policing
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Q1) How can police overcome impediments to building partnerships in lower-income neighborhoods?
Q2) According to the text,the central goal of community policing is
A)building trust.
B)community goals.
C)neighborhood watch.
D)SARA programs.
Q3) Citizen police academies
A)have decreased in popularity.
B)educate the public about the nature of police work.
C)have not been shown to change community attitudes.
D)are having a major impact on police-community relationships.
Q4) According to the text,some call-management strategies include
A)using an officer to take telephone reports of nonemergency, low-priority calls.
B)taking reports by appointment.
C)having civilians handle certain calls.
D)All of the above
Q5) The _______________ system allows nonemergency,lower-priority calls to be ranked and stacked so higher-priority calls can be dispatched first.
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Chapter 8: Forming Partnerships With the Media
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Q1) The police practice of parading suspects before the media is called a perp walk.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to the text,conflict between the media and law enforcement can
A)break communities apart.
B)create conflict between the public and law enforcement.
C)lead to lawsuits.
D)be beneficial as it can lead to change.
Q3) The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)and state public records laws
A)grant the media access to crime scenes.
B)allow the public to choose which media sources they get their information from.
C)govern what police can and cannot disclose to the media.
D)mandate that information be withheld from the public.
Q4) Law enforcement agencies should be aware the media may sometimes distort information from the police for a political purpose.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The ____________ Amendment guarantees freedom of the press.
Q6) Explain the news media echo effect.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Early Experiments in Crime Prevention and the
Evolution of Community Policing Strategies
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Q1) A study based on observation or practical experience is called a/an __________________ study.
Q2) Characteristics of the 18 model programs discussed included
A)focus on causes of crime and appropriate punishment.
B)focus on causes of crime and built on community strengths.
C)built on community strengths and diversity.
D)a strong leader and strong laws.
Q3) Studies of CCTV usage found that more than two thirds of the interviewees were aware that they were in a CCTV area.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Community-based corrections is also called __________________.
Q5) Included among the most common traditional crime prevention programs used are
A)lobbying for longer prison sentences and tougher laws.
B)citizen training in use of firearms and self-defense.
C)neighborhood watch and property marking projects.
D)All of the above
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Q6) Police departments' inability to evaluate their own __________ is identified as an impediment that might hinder implementation of community oriented policing.
Chapter 10: Safe Neighborhoods and Communities: From Traffic Problems to Crime
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Q1) Strategies used to encourage seat belt use vary from incentives for safe driving to mandatory-use policies and fines for failure to buckle up._____________,an annual nationwide,high-visibility seat belt enforcement program,is an example of the latter.
A)Belt UP
B)Buckle UP
C)Click It or Ticket
D)None of the above
Q2) ________________ is an organization that provides training materials that emphasize community policing from a local perspective,community partnerships,problem solving,strategic planning,and assessment.
Q3) Which of the following is an effective program to deter thefts of or from vehicles?
A)Improving surveillance at lot entrances/exits
B)Warning offenders
C)Conducting lock-your-car campaigns
D)Using "bolt on" security devices
Q4) The Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS)is located within the Department of ________________.
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Chapter 11: Community Policing and Drugs
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Q1) A/An ________________ sells only to people they know or who are vouched for by other buyers.
Q2) Drug courts are even more effective when partnered with law enforcement.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Conservative crime control is focused on addressing poverty and inequality of opportunity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to the text,______________ is draped in the metaphor of war.
Q5) In what year was the first "war" on drugs declared?
A)1965
B)1970
C)1973
D)1985
Q6) According to the text,each pound of manufactured methamphetamine produces about ________________ to ________________ pounds of hazardous waste.
Q7) ________________ emphasizes correctional policies and broader social reforms.
Page 13
Q8) Teens are turning away from street drugs and using ________________ to get high.
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Chapter 12: Bringing Youths Into Community Policing
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Q1) The developmental asset approach promotes all of the following except:
A)Social competence
B)Commitment to learning
C)Extracurricular activities
D)Endorsement
Q2) According to the text,crisis planning is the final prong in
A)effective leadership.
B)effective mentoring.
C)effective management.
D)effective security.
Q3) Schools play an important role in what type of the development of children?
A)Social
B)Criminal
C)Behavioral
D)Psychological
Q4) To prevent bullying,Dr.Olweus recommends parental encouragement that students develop and maintain friendships.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A school should be viewed as a _________________,not as an institution.
Page 15
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Chapter 13: The Challenge of Gangs: Controlling Their
Destructive Force
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Q1) Street gang activity and violence may also increase as more dangerous gang members are released early from prison.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to the text,discuss the gang's place within the community,including the nature of bonds between gang members and community members and why these bonds pose a challenge to law enforcement.
Q3) A manner of dress that uses an imaginary line drawn vertically through the body to show allegiance to a gang is called _______________.
Q4) ____________________ are well-Understanded for their use of brute violence in carrying out a range of crimes,including assault,arson,extortion,weapons possession,and drug trafficking.
Q5) Factors that distinguish youths who join gangs from those who do not join gangs include
A)failure to perform well in school.
B)antisocial tendencies in families.
C)Both a and b
D)Neither a nor b
Q6) A nick Remember given to a gang member is called a _______________.
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Chapter 14: Understanding and Preventing Violence
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Q1) A primary goal of Child Access Prevention laws is
A)to keep felons from purchasing firearms.
B)to keep guns out of the reach of children.
C)to make it illegal to store firearms in a residence.
D)to encourage parents to take their children to the firing range for target practice.
Q2) In 1990,the Federal Hate Crime Statistics Act was passed,mandating that the Justice Department secure data on crimes related to religion,race,sexual orientation,or ethnicity.Although the laws vary considerably,the most common elements include all of the following except:
A)Enhanced penalties for common law crimes against persons based on race, ethnicity, religion, gender, or sexual orientation
B)Criminal penalties for vandalism of religious institutions
C)Expanded criminal investigation strategies
D)Collection of data on bias crimes
Q3) A bias crime is a traditional offense like murder,arson,or vandalism with an added element of bias.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Understanding and Preventing Terrorism
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Q1) According to the text,all of the following are considered terrorist acts except:
A)Arson
B)Bombings
C)Kidnapping
D)Speeding
Q2) According to the text,most terrorist acts result from dissatisfaction with a ________________,political,or social system or policy and frustration resulting from an inability to change it through acceptable,nonviolent means.
Q3) The Pew Research Center conducted a poll in 2011 that showed Muslim Americans were not concerned about Islamic extremism.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The training of police and private security officers to identify terrorists to help them identify potential terrorist targets is conducted and funded under
A)the Critical Incident Project.
B)the Terrorism Identification Project.
C)the Save Our Streets Project.
D)the Safe Cities Project.
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Chapter 16: What Research Tells Us and a Look to the Future
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Q1) To evaluate the effectiveness of specific community policing strategies,police departments should consider data from all of the following except:
A)The health care system
B)Schools
C)Community surveys
D)Homeless shelters
Q2) At the heart of experimental design are the experimental and control conditions,which are
A)random.
B)calculated.
C)intentional.
D)selective.
Q3) Assistance in experiments in criminal justice is available through the NIJ's Locally Initiated Research Partnerships in Policing.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What role should research play in community policing?
Q5) Illustrate and explain the Action Research Model,labeling each step.
Q6) ____________ isomorphism occurs when an organization copies or imitates another.
Page 19
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