Introduction to Criminal Justice Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Criminal Justice provides a comprehensive overview of the American criminal justice system, exploring its three main components: law enforcement, the courts, and corrections. Students will examine the historical development and contemporary practices of each sector, analyzing how laws are created, interpreted, and enforced. The course also addresses key concepts such as due process, criminal procedure, and the roles of various criminal justice professionals. Emphasis is placed on understanding the rights of the accused, ethical issues, and the impact of current events and policies on the administration of justice in a diverse society.
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Justice Administration Police Courts and Corrections Management 8th Edition by Ken J. Peak
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Chapter 1: The Study and Scope of Justice Administration
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Q1) To be successful,administrators should avoid attempts to understand the personalities,needs,and motivations of their employees.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) According to the textbook,people working in the public sector must achieve job satisfaction primarily through__________ rewards.
A) extrinsic
B) intrinsic
C) management
D) None of the above
Answer: B
Q3) The three components of the justice system have incompatible goals and are continually competing with one another for criminal convictions.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Organization and Administration Principles and Practices
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Q1) The unity of command is the principle holding that only one person should be in command or control of a situation or an employee.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) An organization's desired outcome,goods,or services.
A) Planning
B) Reorganization
C) Inputs
D) Outputs
Answer: D
Q3) According to Robert Katz,there are three essential skills that leaders should possess: technical,human,and conceptual.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) List and describe the three essential skills that leaders should possess according to Robert Katz.
Answer: technical,human,and conceptual
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Rights of Criminal Justice Employees
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Q1) The Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)applies to all public agencies,including state,local,local schools,and private sector employers with 75 or more employees.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Disparate treatment in pay and benefits can be litigated under:
A) Title VII.
B) the Equal Pay Act.
C) the equal protection clause.
D) All of the above
E) None of the above
Answer: D
Q3) There are no entities in the public sector that are exempted from the coverage of the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)in 29 U.S.C.652.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Police Organization and Operation
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Questions
Q1) Describe the characteristics of the quasi-military model and explain why this model is thought to be incompatible with the philosophy of community-oriented policing models.
Q2) CALEA is a non-profit organization that has developed and administers 459 mandatory standards for law enforcement agencies to meet in order to earn accreditation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is a law enforcement organizational spatial differentiation structure?
A) Centralization
B) Administrative intensity
C) Formalization
D) Vertical differentiation
E) None of the above
Q4) Two principal and interrelated components emerge from the COPPS model: community ________________and________ _________.With its focus on collaborative problem solving,COPPS seeks to improve the quality of policing.
Q5) The acronym S.A.R.A.stands for Scanning,Analysis,Response,and _____________.
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Chapter 5: Police Personnel Roles and Functions
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Q1) The skill that is the most easily trained for as an executive involves specialized knowledge,analytical ability,and facility in the use of the tools and techniques of the specific discipline and is known as _____________ ________.
Q2) The _________ ________supervisor is the lowest,yet very important level of leadership.This supervisor directs,controls,and evaluates the work of field personnel.
Q3) A new approach to training new officers as well as an alternative to FTO is the:
A) Police Training Officer program, or PTO.
B) Skills and Tactical training, or SAT.
C) Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities testing, or KSAs.
D) First-line Advancement Trainings, or FATS.
Q4) ______________ ___________features pervasive but muted conflict that is tolerable for a time.This kind of conflict is commonplace in American policing,and in this situation,the chief's survival depends on external support.
Q5) The _________ ___________is a model that delineates and defines the primary roles of a chief executive officer.
Q6) What are the components and advantages of the assessment center process for hiring and promoting police personnel?
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Chapter 6: Police Issues and Practices
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Q1) National Incident Management System (NIMS),a nationwide system,provides a consistent approach for federal,state,and local governments to work effectively together to primarily:
A) work together to address domestic incidents.
B) plan and implement military strategy to combat terrorism.
C) analyze crime data to seek out hot spots.
D) improve recruiting standards for future police officers.
E) None of the above
Q2) All of the following are relatively new policing paradigms that can also be applied to combatting terrorism,except:
A) Intelligence-led policing
B) Smart policing
C) Predictive policing
D) Conditional policing
Q3) The amount of effort required by police or other criminal justice functionary to compel compliance by an unwilling subject is referred to as __________
Q4) Unfocused,random recruiting is unlikely to attract diversity.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Court Organization and Operation
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Q1) The great majority of the nation's judicial business occurs at the federal level.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The great majority of the nation's judicial business occurs at the______,not the federal level.
Q3) In Tehan,the Supreme Court declared that the basic purpose of a trial is:
A) to convict the guilty.
B) to acquit the innocence
C) to protect the innocent.
D) to determine truth.
Q4) Which of the following is not one of the four general principles of court unification?
A) Centralized administration
B) Centralized rule making
C) Intricate court structure
D) Centralized budgeting
Q5) How is the adversarial system of justice related to the truth-seeking function of the courts?
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Chapter 8: Court Personnel Roles and Functions
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Q1) A full-time institution in the United States that provides judicial training for state judges is the _______________,located in ______________.
A) Court of Training / Las Vegas
B) Training Courts Institute / New York
C) National Judicial College / Reno
D) Judicial Institute / Chicago
Q2) A new American Bar Association Model Code of Judicial Conduct,adopted in 2007 for state and local judges,spells out for the first time how they are to avoid inappropriate sexual behaviors.
A)True
B)False
Q3) "Court administration" is said to be the specific activity of those persons responsible for manipulating judicial directions and influences.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The "_________ __ ___________" is not easily defined,as there are not as yet any uniform,definitive rules in place,and the ABA and state bar associations can only offer general guidelines.
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Chapter 9: Court Issues and Practices
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Q1) Two major areas of the administrative division of a corrections central office are ________ development/auditing and new prison_______________.
Q2) In what ways does Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)hold promise for reducing the current avalanche of lawsuits?
Q3) Deputy wardens for special services in prisons oversee correctional security,unit management,the inmate disciplinary committee,and recreation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Some people worry that veterans' courts perpetuate the stereotypes of veterans' problems and will lead to other specialized courts for groups like teachers,politicians,and so on.
A)True B)False
Q5) Using systems theory,probation may be conceptualized as a network of interwoven resources,activities,and outcomes.
A)True
B)False
Q6) One problem with enhancing courthouse security is its __________.
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Chapter 11: Corrections Personnel Roles and Functions
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Q1) Most acts of prison corruption involve the illegal acquisition of ___________.
Q2) Prisons that are managed in a tight,authoritarian fashion are plagued with ___________ and ____________ programs; those that are managed in a loose,participative fashion are equally _____________.
Q3) In specific,a study of nearly 900 probation and parole officers found that they tend to characterize their work environments as having high levels of_________
Q4) To minimize the possibility of error,executions are carried out by highly trained
Q5) A greater proportion of _________wardens (89.9%)than _________wardens (83.3%)strongly or very strongly agreed that rehabilitation programs had an important place in their institutions.
Q6) With regard to corrections corruption,because of the environment,a culture of manipulation,violence,and barbarism may ensue.
A)True
B)False
Q7) What are the means by which corrections personnel can become corrupted,and what can their administrators do to address and prevent such corruption?
Page 12
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Chapter 12: Corrections Issues and Practices
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Q1) Makarios and Maahs found a significant difference in the comparison of state prisons versus private ones.State prisons were much more likely to be under a court order for the conditions of confinement than private prisons.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Housing needs of inmates can involve the grouping of inmates into three broad categories:
A) heavy-victimizers; light-victims; and moderate-neither intimidated by the first group nor abusers of the second.
B) maximum, medium, or supermax.
C) suicidal-first-tier; non-suicidal-top tier; questionable-middle tier.
D) All of the above
Q3) To date,the Vermont Department of Corrections is the only state making ___________ available throughout its prison system.
Q4) What are the major arguments for and against inmates being issued condoms?
Q5) Before correctional administrators can begin to plan for emergencies within their facilities,the following three broad elements are especially important: ___________,planning,and training.
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Chapter 13: Ethical Considerations
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Q1) _____________________ established that in a criminal case the accused has a right to any exculpatory evidence in the government's possession that is favorable to the accused and is material to either guilt or punishment.Prosecutors must,therefore,disclose to the defense all exculpatory evidence.
Q2) In what substantive ways do the police and corrections subcultures resemble each other?
Q3) The Code of Conduct for United States Judges focuses most of its attention on outside activities.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Police agencies are encouraged to review all officers' ___________ ________ to determine if any of them has a disciplinary history that would seriously impeach his or her credibility as a witness.
Q5) Some types of gratuities are accepted by police officers.
A)True
B)False
Q6) In what ways can judges,defense attorneys,and prosecutors engage in unethical behaviors?
Q7) How may corrections officers be unethical?
Page 14
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Chapter 14: Special Challenges Labor Relations, liability, and Discipline
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Q1) The purpose of collective bargaining is to:
A) determine who should receive salary/benefits increases.
B) obtain jobs for union members.
C) allocate resources equitably to all governmental units.
D) produce a bilateral written agreement to which both parties will bind themselves.
Q2) Rojek et al.found that the majority of complaints against police officers fall under all but which of the following categories?
A) Verbal abuse
B) Ethnic slurs
C) Harassment
D) Excessive force
Q3) Management must be careful when recommending and imposing discipline because of its impact on the ____________ of the agency's employees.
Q4) In a "closed" union shop,employees must be dues-paying members of the union or they may be terminated by the employer.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Financial Administration
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Q1) Given recent budget cuts,more and more prisoners are given longer sentencing terms and prison populations explode.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Review some of the recent effects of the nation's fiscal crisis on police,courts,and corrections organizations.
Q3) The budget is a "comprehensive plan."
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss what is involved in each of the four steps of a budgeting cycle.
Q5) Police policies and practices have also undergone a transformation in order to adapt to the economic changes brought about by the Great Recession discussed in the chapter.All of the following are examples of this adaptation,except:
A) reduced or discontinued training programs
B) cut back or even eliminated plans to obtain new technology
C) expanded use of technology systems
D) consolidated services with another county government
E) All of the above are examples
Q6) _________________ budgeting is the most commonly used budget format.
Page 16
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Chapter
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Q1) What are some of the advantages and disadvantages involving the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)as used in law enforcement?
Q2) Which of the following is not one of the new technologies that are now in development?
A) Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)
B) Augmented reality (AR)
C) Voice-activated firearms
D) Sonic rifles
Q3) A study found that a telemedicine program led to nearly $1 billion in savings over a 10-year period,while also cutting back on emergency-room and doctor office visits by 70 percent,but did little to reduce unnecessary medical tests.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Robots can now be fitted with all but which of the following?
A) The ability to see through concrete walls
B) A camera (also useful for photographing crime scenes)
C) A TASER
D) The ability to engage in two-way communications
E) Odor sensing
Page 17
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