Introduction to Criminal Behaviour Exam Review
Course Introduction
Introduction to Criminal Behaviour explores the fundamental concepts and theories underlying criminal actions, examining the psychological, social, and biological factors that contribute to why individuals engage in unlawful behavior. The course delves into the origins and development of criminal behavior patterns, the influence of family, peers, and society, and reviews major frameworks such as social learning, strain, and control theories. Students will also analyze case studies and empirical research to better understand the causes and consequences of crime, setting a foundation for more advanced studies in criminology, psychology, and criminal justice.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology of Criminal Behaviour A Canadian Perspective 2nd Edition by Shelley Brown
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14 Chapters
529 Verified Questions
529 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/311
Page 2
Chapter 1: Crime in Canada Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5127
Sample Questions
Q1) Variations in rates of crime and incarceration across countries seem to suggest differences in
A)reporting of criminal conduct
B)theoretical differences in researchers
C)definitions and/or tolerance for criminal behaviour
D)federal versus provincial definitions of crime
Answer: C
Q2) James has a history of anti-social behavior,his parents notice that he is restlessly aggressive,he maintains ideas that rationalize crime,and he has many close associations with other criminals.According to correlates of crime which risk factors does James have?
A)minor risk factors
B)the "Big Four" risk factors
C)social class risk factors
D)no real risk factors
Answer: B
Q3) The Crime Severity Index tracks changes in reported crimes in Canada.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Biological and Evolutionary Explanations
Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5128
Sample Questions
Q1) Environments such as positive parenting can reverse the negative effects of fetal and birth complications on antisocial behaviour.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) An evolutionary theorist explains criminal behaviour by examining if A)genes function differently in offenders and non-offenders
B)brain images differ between offenders and non-offenders
C)offending behaviours were adaptive to survival back in ancestral environments
D)historical documents spanning certain time periods mention offending behaviours
Answer: C
Q3) The fact that women's ability to produce offspring is restricted compared to men is referred to as:
A)Evolutionary birth theory
B)Chromosomal birth variance
C)Reproductive fitness variance
D)Gendered crime theory
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Learning and Environment Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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42 Verified Questions
42 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5129
Sample Questions
Q1) If we reason that more people don't violate the law because of social controls or the bonds that individuals have to society,we are ascribing to which theory?
A)Hirschi's psycho-dynamism theory
B)Commitment theory
C)Hirschi's social control theory
D)Attachment theory
Answer: C
Q2) How does Sutherland propose that criminal behaviour develops?
Answer: Sutherland discounted "internal" causes of crime,such as those suggested in psychodynamic theories like the Gluecks',and believed instead that crime could be explained by learning in social contexts through interaction and communication.In particular,Sutherland proposed that the nature of one's conduct,including the likelihood of committing crime,is influenced by the norms present in the particular groups to which one belongs; norms that can include attitudes toward the law and its violation.According to differential association theory,it is the balance between contact with prosocial attitudes on the one hand and antisocial attitudes on the other that influence behaviour.
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Chapter 4: Canadian Corrections in Practice Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5130
Sample Questions
Q1) Over an eight-year period,an evaluation of the efficacy of the Custody Rating Scale (CRS) demonstrated that:
A)minimum security placements increased and escape rates increased
B)minimum security placements decreased and escape rates decreased
C)minimum security placements increased and escape rates decreased
D)minimum security placements decreased and escape rates increased
Q2) Social and political confidence in offender rehabilitation in Canada is very high.
A)True
B)False
Q3) General deterrence does not reduce crime in that longer sentences and incarceration are not highly related to recidivism.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In terms of crime desistance,offenders are largely similar in their criminal trajectories across their lifespan.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the four generations of risk assessments as proposed by Bonta (1996).
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Chapter 5: Adolescent Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Intelligence,commitment to school,and academic achievement are all considered protective factors for adolescents at risk for antisocial behaviour.
A)True
B)False
Q2) How are youthful offenders (both under 12 years and 12-18 years old) charged and prosecuted in the Canadian Criminal Code?
Q3) Living in a low-income neighborhood is a risk factor for antisocial behaviour.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When dealing with antisocial youth,police are to use "extrajudicial measures",including warnings or referrals for treatment.
A)True
B)False
Q5) When examining the prediction of future adult offending,age of onset is a critical factor.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain the term "resiliency" as it relates to adolescent offending.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Economically Motivated Offenders Psychology
of Criminal Behaviour
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5132
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Holtfreter (2005) the typical white-collar offender is:
A)black,male,approximately 30 years old, with less educational attainment than other offenders
B)white,male,approximately 55 years old,with lower educational attainment compared to other types of offenders
C)white,male,approximately 40 years old,with greater educational attainment compared to other types of offenders
D)white,male,approximately 25 years old,with greater educational attainment compared to other types of offenders
Q2) In Canada,prostitution laws dictate that:
A)buying of sexual services is illegal
B)selling of sexual services is illegal
C)buying and selling sexual services is illegal
D)neither buying nor selling sexual services is illegal
Q3) Recent research indicates that some types of white collar fraud are actually committed by persons of middle-class status.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain how organized crime networks function.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Substance Abusing Offenders Psychology of
Criminal Behaviour
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5133
Sample Questions
Q1) Research indicates that drug treatment courts result in major reductions in criminal recidivism.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Evidence from twin and adoption studies have consistently shown that:
A)environment plays a moderate to strong role in explaining substance use
B)genetics play a moderate to strong role in explaining substance use
C)parental upbringing is the strongest predictor of substance use
D)genetics do not contribute at all to substance use
Q3) When comparing different substances,motivational interviewing is the most successful at treating alcohol use disorders.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the Disease Model of addiction to substances.
Q5) It is clear from the literature that we have conducted a sufficient number of rigorous studies on substance abuse treatment.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Violent Offending Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5134
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes the Integrated Correctional Program Model (ICPM) offered by Correctional Service Canada?
A)A program for violent offenders designed to enhance program efficiencies,program effectiveness,and public safety results
B)A risk assessment instrument designed to estimate risk for violent terrorist acts in female offenders
C)A program for sexual offenders designed to identify criminogenic needs,targeted victims,and areas where treatment would decrease recidivism
D)A therapy for Aboriginal offenders that incorporates culture-specific programming
Q2) All of the following are approaches that can be used in research on what causes violence except:
A)description of a case or sample
B)hypothetical case analysis
C)single-wave longitudinal observational/correlational or quasi-experiment
D)randomized experiment
Q3) Explain violent recidivism rates in Canada.
Q4) Describe the offence characteristics of violence in Canada.
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Chapter 9: Intimate Partner Violence Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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40 Verified Questions
40 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5135
Sample Questions
Q1) What triggers a man to engage in physical violence and why is this important in understanding intimate partner violence?
Q2) What factors does the textbook say keep women in abusive relationships?
Q3) The World Health Organization (2013) has concluded that intimate partner violence is linked to physical,sexual,reproductive,mental health disorders in victims and their children.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the ecological model of family violence.
Q5) Describe two risk assessment tools that are used to estimate intimate partner violence recidivism.
Q6) According to Statistics Canada (2013),when a relationship ends,so does intimate partner violence.
A)True B)False
Q7) The Duluth Model of treatment for men who engage in intimate violence has great success in reducing or eliminating violence among perpetrators.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Mentally Disordered Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5136
Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the two major tools that are used to screen for mental health indicators in offenders.
Q2) The general conclusion about treatment for offenders with mental illnesses is that they should:
A)not be treated because offender treatment does not work
B)receive correctional treatment only
C)receive psychiatric treatment only
D)receive both correctional and psychiatric treatment
Q3) Explain the DSM and its usage.
Q4) A main criticism of the DSM-V is that:
A)it uses a one-dimensional approach
B)it lacks construct validity and reliability of diagnostic criteria and symptoms
C)it does not use a "level of impairment" impact system for criminal behaviour
D)it is not reductionist enough
Q5) Male offenders tend to have higher rates of psychiatric diagnoses and hospital admissions,and are prescribed more psychiatric medication prior to incarceration than female offenders.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Psychopathic Offenders Psychology of Criminal
Behaviour
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5137
Sample Questions
Q1) To be diagnosed with psychopathy in the new DSM-5,a person must exhibit the following psychopathic-specific traits:
A)Low anxiousness,low withdrawal,and high attention seeking
B)High anxiousness,high withdrawal,and low attention seeking
C)Low boldness,low meanness,and high inhibition
D)High boldness,high meanness,and low inhibition
Q2) All of the following are recommendations that have been made about ways to increase the success of treatment for psychopaths except:
A)using cognitive-behavioural treatments
B)permitting poorly motivated offenders to drop out of treatment
C)giving offenders pharmacological agents that increase amygdala activity
D)targeting deficits in response modulation
Q3) Discuss major concerns that have been raised with respect to the assessment of psychopathic traits in youth and the research studies that have addressed these issues.
Q4) Describe how self-report vs.rater-based methods of assessing psychopathy are administered and name some commonly used examples of each type of measure.
Q5) How has the concept of psychopathy evolved over time?
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Chapter 12: Sexual Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5138
Sample Questions
Q1) The following is true regarding the effectiveness of treatment programs for sexual recidivism:
A)treatment programs seem to have similar positive results,regardless of their approach
B)it is difficult to ascertain the effectiveness so no general statement can be made
C)treatment programs do not work for sexual recidivism
D)significantly lower rates of sexual recidivism are found for the treated group compared to the untreated group
Q2) What is the association between childhood sexual abuse and sexual offending?
Q3) The following is true about the use of community notifications and sex offender registries:
A)they are effective at reducing sexual offence recidivism
B)both sets of information are accessible to the public in Canada
C)they interfere with safe reintegration of offenders into the community
D)little is known about their effectiveness in managing risk of sexual offenders
Q4) Provide an overview of the scope of sex offending in Canada.
Q5) Explain why it is important to consider dynamic risk factors for sex offending.
Q6) How are sexually deviant interests measured?
Q7) According to the DSM-5,what is pedophilia?
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Chapter 13: Female Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the "offence gestalt" differences between females and males.
Q2) Explain the three broad approaches to risk assessment for female offenders.
Q3) According to the Canadian data,males outnumber females in all forms of non-violent crime except:
A)prostitution
B)property crimes
C)theft
D)drug-related offenses
Q4) According to Andrews and Bonta's (2006) Personal,Interpersonal,and Community-Reinforcement (PIC-R) theory,generally women will commit a crime when:
A)they have been victimized repeatedly
B)the rewards exceed the costs
C)they have a dysfunctional family background
D)they are economically disadvantaged and socially marginalized
Q5) One major critique of gender neutral risk assessment instruments is that 'gender-neutral' is actually inherently male biased.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe the specific treatment targets for female offenders.
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Chapter 14: Aboriginal Offenders Psychology of Criminal Behaviour
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/5140
Sample Questions
Q1) Bill C-41 has emphasized the consideration of alternative sentencing options.However,one development that may work in opposition to the reforms that followed Bill C-41 is:
A)overrepresentation of Aboriginal people in prison
B)the Safe Streets and Communities Act,which limits judges' discretion in sentences
C)the creation of the Gladue Courts,which must take the culture of the offender into account
D)the legalization of marijuana
Q2) Six months post-release,a higher percentage of non-Aboriginals are reconvicted of a violent crime than Aboriginals.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Outline the four potential explanations of overrepresentation of Aboriginals in the Canadian justice system.
Q4) Outline the childhood risk factors associated higher rates of Aboriginal offending.
Q5) Discuss the magnitude of the problem of Aboriginal overrepresentation in the criminal justice system.
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