Introduction to Criminal Behavior Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
Introduction to Criminal Behavior explores the psychological, social, and biological factors that contribute to criminal actions. This course examines key theories of crime causation, the role of mental illness and personality disorders, and the impact of environment and upbringing on criminal tendencies. Students will analyze case studies, consider various typologies of offenders, and investigate how factors such as substance abuse, peer influence, and socioeconomic status shape criminal behavior. The course also introduces methods used by professionals to assess and prevent criminal conduct, providing a foundational understanding of the complexities involved in criminal behavior for those pursuing studies in criminology, psychology, and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Criminal Behavior A Psychological Approach 11th Edition Curt R. Bartol
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Criminal Behavior
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Q1) Research conducted by ________ criminologists has allowed us to conclude that juveniles as a group are over-represented in nonviolent property offenses.
Answer: sociological
Q2) Which statement reflects the basic premise of strain theory?
A) Crime occurs when there is a discrepancy between the materialistic values and goals cherished in our society and the availability of legitimate means for reaching these goals.
B) Crime occurs when a society's values are too materialistic.
C) Crime occurs when society places too much value and emphasis on doing the right thing for the highest number of individuals.
D) Crime occurs when one's of stress outweighs one's coping mechanisms.
Answer: A
Q3) Child abuse is an example of a status offense.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The UCR's definition of rape has recently been broadened to include ________ as victims.
Answer: males
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Chapter 2: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Developmental Risk Factors
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Q1) The social,family,and psychological experiences that are believed to increase the probability that an individual will engage in persistent criminal behavior are known as ________ factors.
Answer: risk
Q2) Affective empathy usually develops in middle adulthood.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Recent research suggests that ________ childcare arrangements have negative impacts on children's social adjustment.
Answer: multiple
Q4) Language-impaired children are often rejected by peers and are frequently viewed negatively by their teachers.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q5) Studies examining the education of inmates in correctional facilities found that many inmates had attained a(n)________ of education or less.
Answer: eighth grade
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Chapter 3: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Biological Factors
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Q1) The link between offending and traumatic brain injury is especially strong if the brain dysfunction is located in the ________ lobe.
Answer: frontal
Q2) All of the following statements are true of the amygdala except
A) it is small and almond shaped.
B) it is located in the limbic system.
C) it is especially hardy and unaffected by developmental experiences.
D) it is associated with impulsive aggression.
Answer: C
Q3) The consensus among experts is that ________ responsiveness,nurturance,and warmth have emerged as critical core determinants of the early parent-child relationship.
Answer: parental
Q4) TEDS is an acronym for
A) Twins' Early Development Study.
B) Twins Environmental Differentiation Study.
C) Traditional Environmental Development on Siblings.
D) The Early Diyzygotic Sample.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Learning and
Situational Factors
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Q1) Acts performed in response to orders from authority considered illegal or immoral by the larger community are called
A) bystander apathy.
B) reductionism.
C) crimes of obedience.
D) fundamental attribution error.
Q2) Berkowitz's two criminal personality classifications are
A) psychopathic/nonpsychopathic.
B) violent/nonviolent.
C) greedy/altruistic.
D) socialized/individual.
Q3) John B.Watson believed that a rigid scientific approach was crucial to understanding human behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Dehumanization is a type of disengagement.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
Q5) Social learning theorists believe that the ________ of behavior depends on reinforcement.
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Chapter 5: Human Aggression and Violence
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Q1) Aggressive behavior is always criminal.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Bandura's the mass media are examples of ________ models.
Q3) The tendency to attack space violators is referred to as
A) territoriality.
B) hydraulic model of aggression.
C) passive violence.
D) animality.
Q4) Discuss the various theoretical perspectives on aggression,including the research in support of or refuting these perspectives.
Q5) The social learning approach to the reduction of aggressive behavior would most likely emphasize
A) appropriate modeling.
B) biological development.
C) innate drives.
D) cognitive processes.
Q6) Territoriality is a central concept in Konrad Lorenz's theory of aggression.
A)True
B)False
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Juvenile Delinquincy
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Q1) Which statement is NOT true about gender differences in status offenses?
A) Girls are more likely than boys to be taken into custody for status offending.
B) Recent research suggests that gender differences in offending may be explained by innate biological factors.
C) Girls are more likely to run away from home because of victimization in the home.
D) Historically, girls and boys' socialization resulted in impacted gender differences.
Q2) All of the following are status offenses except A) running away.
B) incorrigibility.
C) cocaine use.
D) truancy.
Q3) How many states tried as adults in criminal courts under certain conditions and for certain offenses?
A) Zero
B) Two
C) Twenty
D) Fifty
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8
Chapter 7: Criminal Psychopathy
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Q1) Hemisphere asymmetry refers to the observation that most psychopaths have superior language ability.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Suicidality is a common characteristic of older adult psychopaths.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The boldness factor is sometimes referred to as
A) the meanness factor.
B) the callous-unemotional trait.
C) fearless dominance.
D) asymmetrical personality.
Q4) Quay has said that psychopaths "know the words but not the music" in reference to their lack of real emotion.This is also known as
A) tone deafness.
B) emotional vacuity.
C) pathological deficiency.
D) semantic aphasia.
Q5) What has been learned about a)recidivism and b)treatment of the criminal psychopath?
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Chapter 8: Crime and Mental Disorders
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Q1) The core of the insanity defense involves which one of the following issues?
A) Competency to stand trial
B) Whether the person can be rehabilitated
C) Criminal responsibility
D) Past psychiatric history
Q2) What was the Supreme Court's ruling in Jackson v.Indiana?
A) Psychoactive medication could not be given to incompetent defendants.
B) Psychoactive medication could not be given to defendants found insane.
C) Incompetent defendants could not be hospitalized indefinitely if no progress was made to restore them.
Q3) The U.S.federal court system currently uses which insanity standard?
A) The Durham Rule
B) The M'Naghten Rule
C) ALI/Brawner Rule
D) Insanity Defense Reform Act
Q4) Which disorder has been referred to as the UFO of psychiatry?
A) Dissociative Identity Disorder
B) Postpartum Psychosis
C) Dysthymic Disorder
D) Borderline Personality Disorder
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Homicide, Assault, and Family Violence
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Q1) An attack becomes ________ assault when the purpose is to inflict serious bodily injury.
Q2) The cognitive shortcuts people use to make quick inferences about their world is known as
A) coercion.
B) cognitive reframing.
C) cognitive ease.
D) availability heuristic.
Q3) Discuss four ways juveniles are able to access guns,despite the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act.
Q4) Approximately how many cases of physical abuse result in the death of a child in the United States each year?
A) 700
B) 1500
C) 7500
D) 500,000
Q5) The weapon most commonly used in homicides in the United States is a knife. A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain what research tells about the perpetrators and victims of elder abuse.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Multiple Murder, School, and Workplace
Violence
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Q1) Psychological profiling has its roots in A) behaviorism.
B) psychometrics .
C) psychoanalysis.
D) politics.
E) behaviorism .
Q2) A term coined by Havelock Ellis that refers to self-arousal and the self-gratification of sexual arousal is
A) autoeroticism.
B) authochthonous.
C) autoplasty.
D) autophagy.
Q3) Investigative psychology is to ________ as profiling is to ________.
A) the crime scene; the offender
B) criminal analysis; criminal tendencies
C) forensics; anthropology
D) anthropology; forensics
Q4) Of the forms of profiling discussed in the chapter,which would insurance companies be interested in? Explain the reasons for this interest.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Psychology of Terrorism
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Q1) Which one of Bandura's strategies of disengagement is most apparent in incidents of group violence?
A) Advantageous comparison
B) Cognitive restructuring
C) Dehumanization
D) Diffusion of responsibility
Q2) People who have a ________ bias perceive a connection between what people do,are,or believe in,and what happens to them.
Q3) Highly violent antiabortion activists are placed in which one of the FBI terrorists groups?
A) Radical misogynists
B) Religious radicals
C) Psychologically motivated terrorists
D) Special interest extremists
Q4) Peer influence is often the primary reason for joining a terrorist group.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What affect has globalization had on a)the incidence of terrorism and b)the power of terrorist organizations?
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Chapter 12: Sexual Assault
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Q1) There is a direct causal relationship between pornography and sexual aggression.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Research suggests that men convicted of rape
A) show high and nearly equal sexual arousal to portrayals of both violent, nonconsenting sexual acts and nonviolent, consenting sexual acts.
B) were more sexually aroused toward attractive victims than nonattractive victims. C) felt they had little control over their sexual impulses.
D) have a very limited ability to fantasize.
Q3) According to the text,although myths about rape are changing,college students continue to hold myths about ________ rape.
A) acquaintance
B) marital
C) homosexual
D) statutory
Q4) Instrumental sexual aggression is when the offender uses just enough coercion to gain ________ from his victim.
Q5) Describe three of the rape myths discussed in the chapter.
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Chapter 13: Sexual Assault of Children and Youth
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Q1) Many survivors of child sexual abuse will never tell their stories or will delay revealing the incident.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Given the information provided in the chapter,describe a program that you believe would reduce recidivism rates for juvenile child sex offenders.Which factors would you target?
Q3) Under the MTC classification,the sex offender most likely to kill his victims would be the
A) fixated.
B) regressed.
C) exploitative.
D) aggressive.
Q4) Groth identifies two major types of pedophiles.They are
A) sex pressure and sex force offenders.
B) heterosexual and homosexual offenders.
C) discreet and indiscreet.
D) aggressive and nonaggressive offenders.
Q5) Describe the psychological effects of child sexual victimization.
Q6) Adult CSOs most frequently use a ________ setting to commit their sexual abuse.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Burglary, Home Invasions, Thefts, and White
Collar Offenses
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Q1) Recent research suggests that burglars often select targets that are the most A) vulnerable.
B) challenging.
C) wealthy.
D) isolated.
Q2) Explain the psychological effects of burglary on victims.How do some burglars deliberately increase these negative effects?
Q3) Medicare fraud committed by a physician would be considered ________ occupational crime under Green's categories.
A) medical
B) professional
C) individual
D) state-authority
Q4) The highest s of employee theft and counterproductive behaviors are reported by younger,unmarried,________ employees.
Q5) Carjacking most commonly occurs in rural,isolated areas.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Alarms and window locks are examples of ________ cues.
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Chapter 15: Violent Economic Crime, Cybercrime, and
Crimes of Intimidation
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Q1) In hostage-taking situations,those hostages who,after release,have considerable difficulty dealing with the after-effects of the incident are called
A) survivors.
B) pseudo-victims.
C) masked depressed survivors.
D) succumbers.
Q2) Most bank robberies are carried out by a single offender.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Cyberbullying is not considered a form of cybercrime.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Amateur bank robbers are highly ________ in their behavioral patterns.
Q5) Which pattern of firesetting is often linked to the cover-up of other crimes?
A) Instrumental-object pattern
B) Expressive-object pattern
C) Intentional-expressive pattern
D) Expressive-person pattern
Q7) The UCR considers arson a ________ crime. Page 17
Q6) Cybercrime refers to any illegal act that involves a(n)________ system.
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Page 18
Chapter 16: Substance Abuse, Alcohol, and Crime
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Q1) Recent research indicates that an unknown number of youth experiment with drugs but do not continue with regular use.This process is called
A) experimental substance use.
B) adolescent drug experimentation.
C) gateway drug curiosity.
D) curiosity substance abuse.
Q2) Other than alcohol,which drug in your opinion has the strongest association with crime? Support your answer by describing the drug and its effects as well as the available research.
Q3) Which of the following statements best characterizes the relationship between alcohol and aggression?
A) The majority of crimes are caused by alcohol use.
B) There is no relationship between alcohol use and violence.
C) There is no empirical research linking alcohol and violence.
D) Alcohol facilitates aggressive behavior.
Q4) According to the text,juveniles who occasionally sell drugs to friends frequently become involved in serious delinquency.
A)True
B)False
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