Introduction to Counseling Textbook Exam
Course Introduction
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Introduction to Counseling provides students with a foundational understanding of the theories, principles, and techniques used in the counseling profession. The course explores key aspects of the counseling process, including establishing a therapeutic relationship, ethical and multicultural considerations, and effective communication skills. Students will examine various counseling approaches and gain insight into how counselors support individuals, families, and groups coping with diverse life challenges. Through interactive discussions and role-play, learners develop basic helping skills and explore the roles and responsibilities of professional counselors in a variety of settings.
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Ethics in Counseling and Therapy Developing an Ethical Identity 1st Edition by Rick A. Houser
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2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Q1) As a counselor, when considering the nature and dimensions of an ethical issue it is a good idea to
A) Consult with your clients
B) Not tell any colleagues that you are facing an ethical dilemma
C) Refer to the APA ethical codes
D) Consult the professional literature
Answer: D
Q2) Professional organizations have used ________ ethical theories to develop codes that have been based to a significant extent on cultural and religious beliefs (morality).
A) detailed
B) vague
C) broad
D) narrow
Answer: C
Q3) Making ethical decisions is never complex.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Professional Identity and Ethics
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Q1) Worchel et al. (2000) suggested that personal identity is composed of specific personal characteristics that may include age, gender, culture, and physical appearance.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) When the individual acts in accordance with moral rules founded on societal laws
he or she is in what stage of Moral Development?
A) 1st
B) 2nd
C) 4th
D) 5th
Answer: D
Q3) The 6 stage of Kohlberg's Moral Development model is:
A) Interpersonal conformity
B) Adherence to authority and laws
C) Principled ethics
D) Hedonistic orientation
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Awareness and Sensitivity to Ethical Issues
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Q1) ___________ (1957) was the first to introduce the theory of social comparison.
A) Festinger
B) Bazemore
C) Erikson
D) Wright
Answer: A
Q2) Counselors/therapists can use cognitive dissonance theory by attending to feelings or thoughts of ___________ between cognitions and behaviors.
A) incongruence
B) congruence
C) similarity
D) correspondence
Answer: A
Q3) Key in the definition of principled ideologies is the idea of _____________.
A) social support
B) connections
C) commitment
D) associations
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Cognitions and Reasoninghermeneutics
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Q1) Graduate-level training and professional credentials are methods to increase the level of competence, and they always guarantee effective practice of counseling techniques.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The __________ population will be a major factor in population growth and will reach 24% of the total population by 2050.
A) White
B) Asian
C) Hispanic
D) American Indian
Q3) The concept of empowerment has been associated with ________ in counseling, and it has become more of a concern during the past 20 years
A) sympathy
B) competence
C) autonomy
D) empathy
Q4) What is multicultural competency and why is it important?
Q5) What is confidentiality and when is it important to break it?
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Chapter 5: Client Autonomy and Client Rights
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Q1) E. Brussgaard studied untreated syphilis in Caucasians and published his results in
A) 1969
B) 1929
C) 1959
D) 1979
Q2) The Nuremberg War Crimes Tribunal of 1946 provided insight into the importance of providing informed consent prior to participating in medical procedures.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _______ acknowledged consent before the medical treatment of those who were free, not slaves.
A) Socrates
B) Aristotle
C) Plato
D) Guiere
Q4) What is assent and how would you go about obtaining it?
Q5) Discuss autonomy as it relates to informed consent.
Q6) Describe beneficence and give examples.
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Chapter 6: Dual Relationships
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Q1) ____________was an early opponent of counselor or therapist self-disclosure.
A) Freud
B) Beck
C) Ellis
D) Erikson
Q2) Pearson and Piazza (1997) identified several types of relationships that affect professionals. Please list and describe the four types of relationships they identified.
Q3) Social role theory initially focused on roles related to _________ and position.
A) age
B) ethnicity
C) gender
D) culture
Q4) The ACA Code of Ethics (ACA, 2005), states that sexual relationships with former clients or their family members are prohibited for a period of ___ years after the cessation of counseling.
A) 20
B) 30
C) 5
D) 10
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Chapter 7: Counselor Competence
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Q1) Counselors who report good supervision indicate they have higher levels of counselor burnout/counselor fatigue syndrome.
A)True B)False
Q2) Counselors who have higher levels or ego development or feelings of self-efficacy report higher levels of counselor burnout/counselor fatigue syndrome.
A)True B)False
Q3) Maslach et al. (2001) described ______ burnout as "a psychological syndrome in response to chronic interpersonal stressors on the job.
A) social B) job
C) psychological D) interpersonal
Q4) Counselor competence fits within the hermeneutic model of ethical decision making.
A)True
B)False
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Diversity and Multicultural Competence
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Q1) Culturally skilled counselors are not necessarily aware of their own cultural background and experiences, attitudes, and values.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Pederson (1998) suggested that multiculturalism is potentially viewed as the "______ force" in psychology and counseling.
A) first B) second C) third
D) fourth
Q3) Rutter, Estrada, Ferguson, and Diggs (2008) noted that those who choose lesbian, gay, or bisexual as a sexual orientation have difficulty finding counseling services primarily due to lack of understanding by those who provide counseling services.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss multiculturalism and include its relationship to diversity.
Q5) What are the three competencies set forth by The Association of Multicultural Counseling and Development?
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Chapter 9: Use of Technology and Ethics
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Q1) An online environment may not be secure because of the activities of hackers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Compare and contrast the three methods of online counseling.
Q3) In Norcross, Hedges, and Prochaska's (2002) survey of psychologists that asked about their predictions of future counseling interventions, psychologists predicted that the use of virtual reality was the _____ most likely to increase and change counseling activities/interventions.
A) third
B) fifth
C) first
D) tenth
Q4) CAI stands for:
A) Computer-Assisted Interviewing
B) Computer-Assisted Intellect
C) Counselor-Assisted Interviewing
D) Counselor-Assisted Inquiry
Q5) What is an EMR and what are the benefits of using it in counseling?
Q6) Discuss the concerns and ethical issues that have been raised about online counseling.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Supervision and Ethics
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Q1) Compare and contrast clinical and administrative supervisors.
Q2) There are several ethical and legal concerns that may place both the counselor and the supervisor at risk, for example, lawsuits or criminal charges.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A characteristic of this phase is the development of a more flexible and adaptive approach to the application of counseling techniques and interventions.
A) lay helper
B) novice professional
C) experienced professional
D) senior professional
Q4) This phase of Ronnestad and Skovholt's model involves the counselor engaged in practice for a number of years in which he or she has worked with a range of clients in a variety of settings.
A) lay helper
B) novice professional
C) experienced professional
D) senior professional
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Chapter 11: Ethical Use of Research in Counseling Practice
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Q1) A limitation of _______ approach is that much of the evaluation is accomplished by the practitioner.
A) Mayer's
B) Colangelo's
C) Carey's
D) Rousseau and McCarthy's
Q2) The second step in Mayer's EBP approach is:
A) evaluation of the study to determine its quality and use
B) careful review of the professional literature
C) assessment of how the study outcomes may be applied to the current issue.
D) identification of a question
Q3) Geraerts et al. (2007) found that recovered memories that were inconsistent and originated within therapy were less reliable and were questionable.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Medicine has been called an art, and losing subjectivity of the experience may interfere with this aspect of the process.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Professional Codes of Ethics and the Law
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Q1) ________is primarily focused on protecting the privacy of student records.
A) HERPA
B) QUIPA
C) HIPPA
D) FERPA
Q2) The Texas court decision _______ v.Zezulka found that state law does not support disclosure to a third party in a case of identified threat from a client.
A) Beckley
B) Tharpar
C) Tarasoff
D) Hardison
Q3) Describe FERPA and discuss why it is important for counselors.
Q4) ______ was passed by Congress in 1996 with the initial intention of reducing health care costs.
A) HERPA
B) QUIPA
C) HIPPA
D) FERPA
Q5) Discuss the Tarasoff case.
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Chapter 13: Western Theories of Ethics
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Q1) Procreation is a human value in natural law.
A)True
B)False
Q2) _______ values are composed of two values, life and procreation
A) biological
B) worldly
C) natural
D) human
Q3) This is based on the view that general rules determine ethical behavior.
A) Performance utilitarianism
B) Act utilitarianism
C) Rule utilitarianism
D) Regulation utilitarianism
Q4) There may be two choices of action with one good and one bad possible outcome. One may still make the choice even though there can be a bad outcome. This is called:
A) Forfeiture
B) Double effect
C) Penalty
D) Moral law
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Chapter 14: Eastern Theories of Ethics
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Q1) Creel (1977) noted that ethics is a Western term, whereas in Sanskrit, there is no clear differentiation between religion and ethics or between philosophy and ethics.
A)True
B)False
Q2) This is best viewed as moral choices and actions that have objective results that are either positive or negative.
A) Li
B) Karma
C) Dharma
D) Nirvana
Q3) _________ does not frame its teaching around a supreme deity, nor does it make a clear distinction between theology and ethical philosophy.
A) Hinduism
B) Taoism
C) Buddhism
D) Confucianism
Q4) According to Confucian ethics, what is Li?
Q5) What is Karma and how is it often misconstrued?
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Chapter 15: Middle Eastern Ethical Theories
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Q1) The term Islam is Arabic, meaning "submission to God," and it is supported by derivatives of earlier interpretations of the meaning of Islam including concepts of "peace"
A)True
B)False
Q2) What city did Muhammad successfully conquer after three battles?
A) Galilee
B) Mecca
C) Medina
D) Babylon
Q3) Not killing others is considered to be a:
A) Good or required act
B) Undesirable act
C) Neutral act
D) Desirable act
Q4) Islamic ethics is more of a moral relativism approach rather than an absolutism theory.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the role of education according to Judaic ethics.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Native American, Hispaniclatino, and African Ethics
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Q1) Describe industry, generosity, and moderation and their relation to African ethics.
Q2) There has been more than an 18% increase in Native American and Alaskan populations since 2000 and more than a 35% increase in Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In Hispanic/Latino ethics, it is unusual for older children to take on parenting roles with younger children.
A)True
B)False
Q4) _______has been defined in terms of a strong connection to the nuclear family and extended family members.
A) Familismo
B) Caballerismo
C) Respeto
D) Nuclearismo
Q5) According to Hispanic/Latino ethics, what is Marianismo?
Q6) Give a brief overview of African ethics.
Page 18
Q7) Compare and contrast the origins of Hispanic and Latino cultures.
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