Introduction to Counseling Textbook Exam
Course Introduction
Questions
Introduction to Counseling offers an overview of the fundamental concepts, theories, and practices of the counseling profession. The course explores the historical development of counseling, major theoretical approaches, core counseling skills, and ethical considerations in working with diverse populations. Students will learn about the counseling process, essential communication techniques, and the roles and responsibilities of professional counselors in various settings. Emphasis is placed on developing self-awareness, understanding client-counselor relationships, and exploring the professional requirements for effective practice.
Recommended Textbook
Theory and Treatment Planning in Counseling and Psychotherapy 2nd Edition by
Diane R. Gehart
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Counseling Theory, Competency, Research, and
You: Connecting the Dots
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Q1) Ethical counseling concerns all of the following EXCEPT:
A) adaptation of the counseling approach to respect client diversity.
B) open discussion about how confidential information will be handled when working with couples and families.
C) counselor awareness that personal concerns may be affecting the ability to work with a client.
D) understanding the right of parents to any and all information pertaining to their children.
Answer: D
Q2) Common factors research and evidence-based treatment research have forced counselors and therapists to
A) provide clients with a step-by-step guideline for sessions
B) sift through difficult information in order to identify key areas of change
C) reexamine their assumptions about theory
D) find a replacement for traditional diagnosis
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Treatment Planning
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Q1) Counselors are responsible to choose a theory and techniques which best fit the client and the situation,and to develop a treatment plan that does all of the following,EXCEPT:
A) is consistent with the counselor's world view.
B) considers the evidence base.
C) considers client demographics.
D) is consistent with a specific theory.
Answer: A
Q2) Clinical treatment plans _____________________________________________.
A) are the same as theory-based treatment plans
B) are based on the medical model
C) include therapeutic tasks, client goals, and interventions
D) provide a limited view of the client and system
Answer: C
Q3) The primary treatment task of the working phase is ________________________.
A) establishing a therapeutic relationship
B) assessing the system
C) implementing interventions
D) monitoring the quality of the therapeutic relationship
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) Object relations theorists are most concerned with how an infant internalizes relationships in the first three years of life,the impact on adult personality,and how __________ relationships become the template for all future relationships.
A) sibling
B) neighbor
C) caregiver
D) playmate
Answer: C
Q2) Countertransference takes place when a counselor
A) keeps their emotional reactions toward the client out of counseling
B) projects back onto a client in a way that affects therapeutic neutrality
C) has insight into their unconscious reactions to their clients
D) shares an undesirable feeling about a client with the client
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Jungian Analytic Psychology
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Q1) All of the following are true about archetypes EXCEPT:
A) they are universal patterns and can be traced across cultures.
B) they are powerful forces that can either be constructive or healing.
C) there are certain archetypes that exists in everyone.
D) they are gender specific.
Q2) The goal to increase awareness of the persona and how it is maintained is a good example of an early or working phase goal and aimed at
A) increasing polarities
B) understanding complexes
C) analysis of archetypes
D) individuation
Q3) Jungian analytical concepts provide significant ways to engage culture and spirituality but caution must be applied to concepts such as individuation to prevent cultural bias.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What strengths does this approach have for working with diverse clients? What are the weaknesses?
Q5) Describe the role of the counselor in Jungian analytical psychology?
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Chapter 5: Adlerian Individual Counseling
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Q1) Before Adlerian counselors can move to working and closing phase goals,which focus mostly on increasing social interest,they must first address early phase goals which address crisis symptoms.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following statements is true about Adlerian counseling and working with sexual diversity?
A) Adler conceptualized same-sex attraction as neurosis, which contemporary practitioners have gone to great lengths to correct and to reconceptualize the theory.
B) Adler was ahead of his time regarding same-sex attraction, which contemporary practitioners have gone to great lengths to continue and to reconceptualize the theory.
C) Adler championed disparity issues between genders, and in his work regarding same-sex relationships, has gone to great lengths to correct social injustice.
D) Adler was not concerned with same-sex attraction, and encouraged future practitioners to go to great lengths to correct and to reconceptualize same-sex issues.
Q3) What is Adler's theory regarding social interest?
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Chapter 6: Person-Centered Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) List and describe 3 interventions utilized in person-centered counseling.
Q2) Self- actualization can be defined as ________________________________________.
A) differentiating from one's family
B) being the self that fits in well in society
C) living an authentic, meaningful life
D) the ability to empathize with others
Q3) What is self-actualization?
Q4) The concept of unconditional positive regard is most accurately explained in which of the following statements?
A) The counselor never confronts the client.
B) The counselor focuses on the client's basic human worth,
C) The counselor is always kind.
D) The counselor only focuses on the clients' positive qualities.
Q5) When a counselor asks,"Can you say more about what you mean by feeling angry?"
This is an example of _____________________.
A) clarifying
B) summarizing
C) listening
D) reflecting
Q6) What role does empathy play in humanistic counseling? Page 8
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Page 9
Chapter 7: Existential Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) How do existential counselors view the goals of therapy?
Q2) Which statement below best represents the existential concept of freedom and responsibility?
A) A person's greatest freedom is how he/she chooses to make meaning and respond to life circumstances.
B) A person's life is determined by God, genetics, and family, not choice.
C) Real choice in life is impossible because we have conditioned automatic responses.
D) Freedom comes automatically to people, without responsibility.
Q3) Which of the following statements is a poor cultural adaptation/consideration for an existential counselor working with Salma or any other client from a diverse background?
A) Attend to Salma's relational and conflict resolution patterns.
B) Assess Salma's cultural expectations for collectivism vs. individualism.
C) Adapt existentialist expectations of independence and responsibility.
D) Apply existentialist concepts of freedom and responsibility.
Q4) What do existential counselors believe about the purpose of life?
Q5) Describe the concept of death anxiety from an existential counseling perspective.
Q6) Describe the I-Thou relationship.
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Page 10
Chapter 8: Gestalt Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) When a Gestalt counselor is "assessing the field," the counselor will likely ask the client all of the following questions EXCEPT:
A) What was your experience?
B) How did others experience you?
C) How did you contribute to creating your experience?
D) How did you contribute to the experience of others?
Q2) What is meant by an "experiential" approach to therapy?
Q3) Gestalt counselors offer clients their presence in __________ experiences in the counseling session.
A) emotional
B) unhampered
C) unconscious
D) here-and-now
Q4) When a person has integrated polarities,they have ____________________________.
A) accepted more aspects of the self
B) made peace with who and what one is
C) a responsive relationship with the environment
D) trust in the self and life itself
Q5) What is the person of the counselor and why is it important?
Page 11
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Chapter 9: Foundational Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches
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Q1) Which of the following statements best describes mindfulness?
A) It is basically meditation.
B) Mindfulness involves observing the breath while quieting the mind of inner chatter and thoughts and ground the individual in the present without judging the experience.
C) Mindfulness is about using the breath to slow down thoughts, to think them through more slowly, and to respond to situations in more informed ways.
D) Mindfulness is about relaxation and allowing the client to focus on the present experience in order to draw conclusions with less fear and anxiety.
Q2) ________________ is an evidence-based mindfulness approach that was originally developed to treat suicidal borderline clients.
A) Rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT)
B) Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)
C) Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)
D) Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)
Q3) What is meant by the terms in-vivo and flooding?
Q4) How does a person's thoughts shape emotional and behavioral responses?
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Page 12
Chapter 10: Evidence-Based Cognitive-Behavioral
Approaches: Dialectic Behavior Therapy and
Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
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Q1) Max,a borderline client who professes to believe that all people are untrustworthy,is seeing a DBT therapist who is working to address this belief and help Max see that this expectation is not always accurate.From a DBT perspective,what is the counselor doing?
A) Attempting to relieve client suffering by applying a a strict set of interventions.
B) Providing empathy in order to encourage change.
C) Educating the client on the way the world really is.
D) Working to engage dialectic tension in order achieve synthesis and transcend the tensions.
Q2) TF-CBT utilizes ____________________ as an intervention in order to normalize trauma responses,develop realistic expectations,beliefs,and cognitions,and inspire hope.
A) psychoeducation
B) parenting skills training
C) relaxation techniques
D) affect expression and modulation
Q3) What is the cognitive triangle and what is it used for?
Q4) Explain why the use of validation is important to the client.
Q5) In what ways are DBT and TF-CBT similar? In what ways are they different?
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Chapter 11: Systemic Family Counseling and Therapy
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Q1) How do boundaries play a role in the family system?
Q2) Which of the following statements is TRUE when viewing the family as a system?
A) One single person in the family orchestrates the interactional patterns.
B) One single person can be blamed for family distress.
C) Personal characteristic are independent of the system.
D) All behavior makes sense in context.
Q3) Emotionally focused therapy focuses on the emotional system of the couple and uses ______________________ to help couples restructure their interactional patterns for the purpose of increasing emotional intimacy and addressing attachment needs.
A) mirroring
B) affect heightening
C) projection
D) behavior modification
Q4) Systemic approaches are a set of theories that conceptualize an individual's symptoms as arising ______________________________.
A) in the unconscious mind
B) from social oppression
C) when a person is not self-actualized
D) within family and relational dynamics
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Chapter 12: Solution-Based Approaches
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Q1) When a solution-based counselor uses the client's language to describe their experience,such as "ending the blahs",this is refer to as
A) channeling language
B) beginner's mind
C) optimism and hope
D) echoing client's key words
Q2) All of the following statements are an appropriate example of compliments used by solution-based counselors EXCEPT:
A) You not only followed through on the chart idea we developed last week but you came up with your own additional strategies.
B) You made real progress toward your goal this week.
C) You have worked really hard this week to talk with your son on the phone.
D) You really are a great dad.
Q3) What is the role of the counselor in solution-focused counseling?
Q4) How do solution-focused counselors view problems?
Q5) How is the Beginner's Mind used in solution-focused counseling?
Q6) Describe the miracle question and how it might be useful in a session with a client.
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Chapter 13: Narrative and Collaborative Approaches
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Q1) In Narrative Counseling,the counselor helps clients create more balanced descriptions of the events of their lives to enable clients to build more accurate and appreciative descriptions of themselves and others.This process is referred to as:
A) Enacting Preferred Narratives
B) Meeting the Person
C) Thickening Descriptions
D) Separating Persons from Problems
Q2) Which of the following statement regarding narrative counseling approaches is most accurate?
A) The problem is separate from the person
B) People cause their problems.
C) People become their problems
D) Problems are intrinsic in the person
Q3) What is the nature of the relationship between counselor and client in narrative counseling?
Q4) In what ways is collaborative counseling ideal for working with diverse populations?
Q5) What role does curiosity play in collaborative counseling?
Q6) What is externalizing and how is it used in narrative counseling?
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Chapter 14: Feminist and Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) Define and describe the egalitarian relationship.
Q2) Feminist counselors who work with women with low self-esteem may focus counseling on self-esteem training which involves
A) discouraging feelings of guilt and resentment
B) encouraging denial of what wants and not making requests on one's own behalf
C) keeping feelings safe inside and expressing feelings rarely to others
D) increasing a client's self-awareness and confidence
Q3) How do political issues play a role in a person's internal reality according to feminist counseling?
Q4) The experience in feminist counseling,in which both the client and the counselor see,know,and experience responsiveness from each other is known as
A) joining
B) mutual empathy
C) kismet
D) intuition
Q5) Feminist counselors do not take on male clients.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Introduction to Theoretical Integration
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Q1) Models that provide an organized template for integrating theories that incorporate evidence-based practices and target appropriate treatment for a specific client are referred to as __________________________.
A) common factors approach
B) theoretical integration
C) systemic treatment selection
D) evidence-based approaches
Q2) From the perspective of the _______________ approach,the truth is contextual and the counseling relationship is an empathic one in which the counselor serves to participate in the system in order to "perturb" it so that it can reorganize itself.
A) modernism
B) post-modernism
C) systemic
D) phenomenological
Q3) Discuss briefly each of the following: constructivism,social-constructivism,structuralism/postconstructuralism.
Q4) Explain first-order and second-order cybernetics.
Q5) What qualities define good integration?
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Chapter 16: Integrative Case Conceptualization
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Q1) Helping a client to identify their strengths relies heavily on _______________________.
A) the counselor's ability to view or "see" the flip side of the presenting problem
B) the client's insight into him or her self
C) the counselor's expertise in assessment
D) the client's ability to view or "see" the flip side of the presenting problem
Q2) How might a clinician excel in case conceptualization and assessment?
Q3) Applying Erickson's Psychosocial Developmental Stages in clinical counseling is useful for which of the following?
A) Helping clients more quickly identify core dynamic patterns that are affecting all areas of life.
B) To better understand the client's internal dynamics, particularly those that are contributing to the presenting problem.
C) Helping clients identify unconscious or semi-conscious erroneous assumptions about life to develop a system of private logic that supports them in pursuing their life goals.
D) Understanding the larger developmental concerns that may be underlying the problems clients bring to session.
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