Introduction to Counseling Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Counseling offers a comprehensive overview of the foundational principles, theories, and practices in the field of counseling. Students will explore the historical development of counseling, fundamental counseling skills, and the ethical and cultural considerations inherent in the helping professions. The course examines various counseling approaches, such as person-centered, cognitive-behavioral, and solution-focused therapies, providing students with practical tools for effective communication and active listening. Through a combination of lectures, discussions, and experiential activities, students will gain insight into the roles and responsibilities of counselors, preparing them for further study and professional growth in the field.
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Career Counseling A Holistic Approach 9th Edition by Vernon G. Zunker
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Chapter 1: Historical Development and Some Basic Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) The case for the individual is best described as:
A)The uniqueness of each client
B)Influence of life course events
C)Collectivistic beliefs of children's behavior
D)The development of interests
Answer: A
Q2) How did Frank Parsons impact the field of career counseling?
Answer: Major Points
He provided the first systematic approach to career counseling.His approach was based on simplistic procedures that emerged from his practitioner's experience.His book, "Choosing a Vocation" and theory still impacts many of today's career theories.His straightforward approach laid the foundation for future career guidance activities.
Q3) What term is used to describe counseling within a culturally diverse society?
A)Multicultural counseling
B)Vocational counseling
C)Cultural counseling
D)Career counseling
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Theories of Career Development
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Q1) Learning Theory of Career Counseling (LTCC) involves which factors?
A)Genetic endowments and special abilities, environmental conditions and events, learning experiences, and task approach skills
B)Genetic endowments and special abilities only
C)Environmental conditions and event experiences only
D)None of the above
Answer: A
Q2) SCCT subscribes to which of the following theories?
A)Bandura's triad reciprocal theory
B)Roger's nondirective theory
C)Super's self-concept theory
D)Constructivism theory
Answer: A
Q3) The choice model of the Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) is divided into three components as follows:
A)Define personal values, establish goals, take actions
B)Develop individual learning plan, execute plan, evaluate plan
C)Define goals, initiate action, success is determined by future behavior
D)Define personal values, develop interventions, execute plan
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Career Counseling Models
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Q1) What is the name given to the assessment of life roles and work-role salience?
A)The Salience Inventory
B)The Life and Work Role Salience Assessment Tool
C)The Work-Role Assessment
D)The Life Role Assessment
Answer: A
Q2) Recommendations for the effective acquisition of occupational information have been compiled by:
A)Krumboltz.
B)Holland.
C)Parsons.
D)Spokane.
Answer: D
Q3) Data integration is emphasized as a method of using assessment results in which of the aforementioned models?
A)Developmental
B)A Learning Theory of Career Counseling
C)Cognitive Information Processing Model
D)A Multicultural Career Counseling Model for Ethnic Women
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Integrating Career and Personal Counseling
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Sample Questions
Q1) How can a client address anxiety disorder with systematic desensitization?
Q2) Evaluation according to what standard assessment instruments may be used to assess career readiness in a client?
A)Career Maturity Inventory - Revised
B)My Vocational Situation
C)My Career Inventory
D)A and B
Q3) Define the holistic approach and its rationale.
Q4) Define Irv's four domains and explain the strategies unique to each domain.
Q5) Present examples of client problems in each of the four domains-career, affective, cognitive-behavioral, and culture.
Q6) Agree or disagree with the following statement and give reasons for your opinion:"Counselors, therefore, are guided not by a single theoretical orientation but rather choose strategies from theoretical constructs that can best serve the client."
Q7) A stressful life event can affect the career choice process primarily through:
A)Social reactions
B)Psychological reactions
C)Biological reactions
D)Biopsychosocial interactions
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Career Counseling Intake Interview
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is it important for counselors to sharpen their skills for detecting symptoms of disorders?
Q2) When interviewing culturally different clients, a major objective is to:
A)Determine their family structure
B)Determine their interests and aptitude
C)Determine their level of acculturation
D)Determine their best skills
Q3) From the 1990s a more comprehensive and inclusive role for the intake interview was an outcome of:
A)the call to disregard the interrelationship between career counseling and personal concerns.
B)the call to focus on a specific rather than whole-person approach.
C)the call to separate career and personal counseling.
D)the call for integrating career counseling and personal concerns of the client.
Q4) Positive feelings of well-being are primarily associated with:
A)Career indecision
B)Resiliency
C)Use of testing
D)Pay scale
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Chapter 6: Using Standardized Tests and Self-Assessment in Career Counseling
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Sample Questions
Q1) This inventory has two parts: (1) temperament dimensions of personality related to career choice, and (2) values related to work rewards.
A)NEO Personality Inventory-Revised
B)California Test of Personality
C)Minnesota Counseling Inventory
D)Sixteen Personality Factor (16 PF)
E)Temperament and Values Inventory
F)Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
Q2) Who developed the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF)?
A)Holland
B)Cattell, Eber and Tatsuoka
C)Tiedeman and O'Hara
D)Super
Q3) The primary goal of self-assessment is to:
A)Assess one's verbal abilities
B)Increase one's self-awareness
C)Obtain measures of attitude
D)Save time in the counseling process
Q4) What are some suggested steps a counselor can take to achieve equity in assessment?
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Chapter 7: The Impact of New Technology on Work, Career Development, and Learning Platforms
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Sample Questions
Q1) The major concern involving computer-generated interpretive statements is the:
A)Scoring methods
B)Vagueness
C)Grammatical errors
D)Validity
Q2) Describe and list some advantages of Computer Assisted Career Guidance Systems.How would they help you as a career counselor?
Q3) What is ITS an abbreviation for?
A)Intelligent Tutoring Systems
B)Intelligent Training Systems
C)Information Training Systems
D)Information Tutoring Systems
Q4) According to the chapter, what would be of concern when using computers? What are the concerns? Explain the solutions.Do you have any additional concerns and/or solutions that you consider to be relevant in this field?
Q5) Kivlighan, Johnston, Hogan & Mauer (1994) used vocational identity to evaluate the effects of SIGI PLUS.Briefly discuss the findings in their study and what the relationship with CACGS is.
Q6) Name three on-site training methods and discuss the role of each one.
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Chapter 8: On Being an Ethical Career Counselor
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Sample Questions
Q1) The overall guiding principle of ethical standards is:
A)The welfare of the client
B)Freedom of speech
C)The rights of counselors
D)Responsible civic behavior
Q2) Principles that matter within the boundaries of ethical competence include:
A)integrity and professional and social responsibility.
B)respect for individuals' rights and dignity.
C)both A and B.
D)none of the above.
Q3) Under what conditions can a counselor reveal confidential information about a client without their permission?
A)When the client has a severe psychological disorder
B)When the counselor needs assistance in addressing the client's problem
C)When there is clear and imminent danger to the client or to others
D)When the counselor is searching for appropriate assessment instruments
Q4) What information should be shared with clients concerning the parameters of informed consent?
Q5) What are some suggestions by NCDA for using the Internet to provide career information?
10
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Chapter 9: Career Counseling for Multicultural Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define the difference between conversational distances amongst European Americans and Latino's.
Q2) According to Matsumoto and Juang (2004), the _____ approaches cultural differences by being willing to learn more about cultural influences and ready to resolve negative emotions.
A)vindicator
B)stereotype
C)voyager
D)individual
Q3) What are some of the special needs of immigrants?
Q4) Discuss the stereotype Asian Americans are considered excellent in and what they Asian's are lacking.
Q5) What is the second largest racial minority group in America today?
A)African-Americans
B)Asian
C)Southeast Asian
D)Hispanic
Q6) Compare and contrast the difference between the terms etic and emic.
Q7) Briefly discuss differences between individualistic and collectivistic orientations.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Gender Issues and Dual Careers
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Eagly, Karau and Makhijani (1995), when is bias against women most prevalent in the workplace?
A)When their competence is evaluated in traditional feminine roles
B)When there are faulty conceptions
C)When they attempt to assume leadership roles, and so the glass ceiling remains in place in corporate America
D)When their competence is evaluated in traditional masculine roles
Q2) What facilities are offered by organizations recognizing the need to provide for child care?
A)Discounts: Organizations arrange for a discount from national day care chains or pay a small portion of the fees
B)Flexible benefits: Money paid to day care centers is deducted from each employee's salary; thus, it is not considered taxable income
C)Emergency care: Companies provide temporary care when employees' regular arrangements fail
D)All of the above
Q3) Compare characteristics of African American and Asian American men and identify related career counseling implications.
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Chapter 11: Career Counseling for Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgendered Clients
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Sample Questions
Q1) List and define the different types of workplace discrimination.How can counselors assist clients in dealing with discrimination?
Q2) The term "gender identity disorder" is emphasized by whom?
A)Barlow and Durand
B)Barrett and Logan
C)Galliano
D)Williams, Connolly, Pepler and Craig
Q3) Which reason is attributed to homosexuality not being accepted in Asian cultures, according to Chung and Katayama (1999)?
A)Traditional gender roles and family systems in most Asian cultures are so highly honored that same-sex orientations are unacceptable
B)The prominence of agrarian societies in Asian countries, in which farmlands are passed down from one traditional family to the next; same-sex orientation works against this long-established tradition
C)The philosophy of harmony and complementary parts of the Chinese yin-yang
D)All of the above
Q4) Discuss how a counselor may better prepare himself or herself in counseling LGBT youth.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Career Counseling for Individuals With Disabilities
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Q1) Describe postemployment services.
Q2) What is the purpose of the initial contact in the rehabilitation process?
Q3) Describe discriminatory employment practices prohibited by the ADA.
Q4) Describe how a person with a disability may view themselves.
Q5) Functional limitations and vocational handicaps, as well as assets, are compiled by the counselor based on medical and psychological reports, during which phase of the rehabilitation services?
A)Evaluation and certification
B)Vocational assessment
C)Diagnostic workup
D)Initial contact
Q6) Identify and discuss common problems and needs of people with disabilities.
Q7) What is the name of the act, signed into law on July 26, 1990, in America, dealing with Americans' disabilities?
A)American Disability Act (ADA)
B)Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
C)American Persons' Disabilities Act (APDA)
D)Disability Act of America (DAA)
Q8) Discuss the requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) in the area of employment. Page 14
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Chapter 13: Job Loss and Transitions
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Q1) Jahoda (1981) captured which of the following unintended consequences of work, highlighting the important psychological outcomes derived from work that are discontinued when one is out of work?
A)Reinforcement of personal status and identity and participation in activities associated with work that is viewed as a necessity in the give-and-take of daily life
B)A daily time structure that is devoted to working and shared experiences and interactions with cohorts and other individuals outside the nuclear family
C)The opportunity to express purpose and goals of life
D)All of the above
Q2) What are some of the unintended consequences of working, and what are the implications of counseling those who have had a job loss with respect to these?
Q3) What is the primary purpose in using the interview technique option?
A)To assist the client in evaluating work and leisure experiences, training and education in relation to potential occupational choices
B)To compare interest with identified skills
C)To identify and evaluate occupational interests
D)To identify and evaluate developed skills from leisure learning experiences
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Chapter 14: Career Development and Transitions of Working Adults
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Q1) The primary responsibility for career development ideally belongs to the:
A)Personnel office
B)Manager
C)Worker
D)Career coaches
Q2) Bridge employment refers to:
A)Early career obstacles
B)Beginning of late career
C)Part-time employment
D)Mid career circumstances
Q3) Bridge employment is a term used to describe what phenomenon?
A)Part-time employment in which the individual typically continues in the same work environment but with reduced responsibilities and time commitment
B)A bridge from one employment to another
C)Bridging the gap between people
D)Work involved with building bridges
Q4) Define bridge employment and discuss how it deals with older workers.
Q5) Compare the typical concerns of people about self at early, middle, and late career stages.
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Chapter 15: Career-Related Programs for Career Development in Elementary Schools
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Q1) Identify some considerations counselors should take when counseling children from different cultures.
Q2) The National Career Development Guidelines (NCDG) are to be used as career development goals for children, youth and adults.These goals are grouped according to which of the following broad domains?
A)Personal social development, educational achievement and knowledge
B)Personal social development, educational achievement and career management
C)Knowledge and application
D)Educational achievement, knowledge and career management
Q3) Discuss the importance of play in elementary age children.
Q4) Having students make a list of school subjects and identify jobs in which the skills learned from the subjects are used is an example of what type of strategy?
A)Self-knowledge strategy
B)Career infusion
C)Educational and occupational exploration strategy
D)Resource for classroom strategy
Q5) Discuss the implications for career guidance at the elementary level.
Q6) Define infusion and give some specific examples.
Q7) Discuss the importance of resiliency in children
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Chapter 16: Career- Related Programs for Career Development in Middle School
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Q1) The increased emphasis on effectively locating and using career information and the expansion of students' vision of the future while developing an appreciation of the importance of work in our society is encompassed within which strategy or model?
A)Career infusion model
B)Career-planning strategy
C)Self-knowledge strategy
D)Educational and occupational exploration strategy
Q2) Describe the three core elements that must be present in school to work systems.
Q3) Moving from childhood to adolescence is characterized as:
A)Developmental tasks increase one's vulnerability
B)Personal problems are not to be confused with career problems
C)The heightening of an individual's vulnerability to personal problems.
D)Career development is not involved with personal concerns
Q4) Briefly discuss the importance and consequences of peer relationships in middle school.
Q5) Describe how ones self-awareness and occupational knowledge are interrelated.
Q6) Discuss the significance of identity development in middle school.
Q7) Discuss the positive factors of resiliency in middle school.
Q8) Describe the characteristics of a comprehensive school guidance program. Page 19
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Chapter 17: Career-Related Programs for Career
Development in High School and Beyond
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Q1) The hallmark of career and technology education is:
A)Teaching critical thinking for use on a job
B)Immediate placement on a job in the local community
C)Teaching problem-solving skills for future use on a job
D)Integrating classroom and on-the-job instruction
Q2) Compare goals and related activities of intern and extern programs.
Q3) What is the name of the consortium of high schools that has formed to use the combined expertise of its professional staff to develop materials and counseling strategies designed to accomplish its collective career guidance mission?
A)The Central Nebraska Tech-Prep Consortium
B)The American consortium
C)The American states consortium of high schools
D)The New York consortium
Q4) What is a job bank?
A)A listing of all job orders compiled daily within each state and a principal source of job information
B)A career guidance list
C)A listing of finances related to jobs
D)A bank where employees can deposit their job earnings
Page 21
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