Introduction to Counseling Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Counseling offers a comprehensive overview of the foundational concepts, theories, and skills essential for effective counseling practice. This course explores key counseling approaches, ethical considerations, communication techniques, and the development of therapeutic relationships. Students will examine the counselors role in various settings and learn to apply basic helping skills through interactive activities and case studies. Emphasis is placed on cultural competence, self-awareness, and professional boundaries, equipping students with the knowledge and confidence to pursue further studies or entry-level roles in human services and mental health support.
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Theory and Treatment Planning in Counseling and Psychotherapy 2nd Edition by Diane
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R. Gehart
Chapter 1: Counseling Theory, Competency, Research, and
You: Connecting the Dots
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Sample Questions
Q1) Regarding diversity and multicultural competence,it is important to recognize that everything one thinks,does or says is ___________________________________.
A) contextualized and should be informed by diversity issues
B) informed by training and practice and is more likely accurate than client perspective
C) better informed if the counselor has also experienced being marginalized
D) biased and therefore it is better for clients to seek counselors with similar backgrounds
Answer: A
Q2) Regarding person-of-the-therapist competence,research indicates that clients need to feel _____________,_______________,and _________________.
A) hope; safety; confidence
B) heard; understood; accepted
C) trusted; competent; appreciated
D) valued; intelligent; capable
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Treatment Planning
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Q1) The primary treatment task of the working phase is ________________________.
A) establishing a therapeutic relationship
B) assessing the system
C) implementing interventions
D) monitoring the quality of the therapeutic relationship
Answer: D
Q2) The counselor need not address diversity issues with each treatment task,as long as diversity is addressed by some tasks in the working phase.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) When meeting clients with unfamiliar diversity issues,it is the responsibility of the counselor to _______________________________________________.
A) inquire how the issues are impacting these clients
B) educate themselves about how best to support and engage these clients
C) to adopt a neutral stance so as not to unknowingly participate in marginalization of these clients
D) impress upon these clients that they "get" where the clients are coming from
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Psychoanalytic and Psychodynamic Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) Object relations theorists are most concerned with how an infant internalizes relationships in the first three years of life,the impact on adult personality,and how __________ relationships become the template for all future relationships.
A) sibling
B) neighbor
C) caregiver
D) playmate
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following best describes transference?
A) The counselor ascribes a personal thought, feeling, or impulse to the client.
B) The counselor identifies with the experiences and feelings of the client.
C) The client confuses past experiences with the present reality.
D) The client projects attributes from unresolved issues with primary caregivers to the counselor.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Jungian Analytic Psychology
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Q1) The Self is ______________________________________________________.
A) an unconscious pattern which is universal across culture
B) a supraordinate organizing principle of the psyche
C) a complex representation of the self that has both conscious and unconscious elements
D) the representation of unpleasant, socially unacceptable, and immoral aspects that are suppressed and unconscious
Q2) Complexes are _______________________________.
A) an emotionally charged set of responses
B) personality traits that get magnified or minimized
C) the supraordinate organizing principles of the psyche
D) a representation of the self that has both conscious and unconscious elements
Q3) A woman who was responsible to be the peacemaker growing up and who serves the same role in her husband's family,suddenly finds herself angry and combative.This is an example of __________________________.
A) a complex
B) enantiodromia
C) a personality type
D) a crazy person
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Chapter 5: Adlerian Individual Counseling
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true about Adlerian counseling and working with sexual diversity?
A) Adler conceptualized same-sex attraction as neurosis, which contemporary practitioners have gone to great lengths to correct and to reconceptualize the theory.
B) Adler was ahead of his time regarding same-sex attraction, which contemporary practitioners have gone to great lengths to continue and to reconceptualize the theory.
C) Adler championed disparity issues between genders, and in his work regarding same-sex relationships, has gone to great lengths to correct social injustice.
D) Adler was not concerned with same-sex attraction, and encouraged future practitioners to go to great lengths to correct and to reconceptualize same-sex issues.
Q2) Faulty interpretations based on the lifestyle,or attitudes of the person,are referred to as ________________________.
A) conscious choice
B) primary errors
C) bad attitudes
D) basic mistakes
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Chapter 6: Person-Centered Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) Phenomenology is the study of the internal,subjective world.What person-centered intervention is most important for attending to this internal world of the client?
A) summarizing
B) clarifying
C) reflecting
D) listening
Q2) How does culture affect how one expresses empathy?
Q3) In person-centered counseling the focus of the approach is on ______________.
A) what happens
B) diagnosis
C) how things happen
D) symptoms
Q4) The concept of unconditional positive regard is most accurately explained in which of the following statements?
A) The counselor never confronts the client.
B) The counselor focuses on the client's basic human worth,
C) The counselor is always kind.
D) The counselor only focuses on the clients' positive qualities.
Q5) What role does empathy play in humanistic counseling?
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Chapter 7: Existential Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) Existential counselors will help clients to focus on changing themselves when the situation is unchangeable.How might the counselor accomplish this?
A) By helping a client whose mother has died focus on the pain and turmoil of the loss.
B) By helping a client with inoperable cancer fight death until fighting is no longer possible.
C) By helping a client who is failing high school find the loop hole in the admission. process for college in order to get into a decent institution.
D) By helping a client going through a difficult divorce examine how his choices in dealing with the divorce will impact his children in the long term.
Q2) Existential angst refers to all of the following EXCEPT:
A) feeling nervousness or agitation about something that is going to happen.
B) contemplating the possibility of a meaningless existence.
C) becoming aware of choices, freedoms, and responsibilities in life.
D) becoming aware of how each decision shapes one's life.
Q3) What do existential counselors believe about the purpose of life?
Q4) How do existential counselors view the goals of therapy?
Q5) Describe the I-Thou relationship.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Gestalt Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) The primary goal of Gestalt counseling is _____________________________.
A) reduction of symptoms
B) self-realization
C) awareness
D) emotional regulation
Q2) It can be said that Gestalt counselors believe that every emotion has a physiological component.All of the following are an accurate example of this concept EXCEPT:
A) a tight jaw as a sign that someone is holding something back.
B) a person fidgeting during session because they recently had back surgery.
C) a person hunched in the corner of the couch as a sign of insecurity.
D) a person with arms folded as a sign they are close off.
Q3) What is meant by the statement,"The more one tries to change (and be who one is not),the more one stays the same."
Q4) What is the person of the counselor and why is it important?
Q5) Responsible vs.carefree is an example of a problematic _________________.
A) act
B) polarity
C) opposition
D) counterbalance
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Chapter 9: Foundational Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches
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Q1) Which of the following statements best describes mindfulness?
A) It is basically meditation.
B) Mindfulness involves observing the breath while quieting the mind of inner chatter and thoughts and ground the individual in the present without judging the experience.
C) Mindfulness is about using the breath to slow down thoughts, to think them through more slowly, and to respond to situations in more informed ways.
D) Mindfulness is about relaxation and allowing the client to focus on the present experience in order to draw conclusions with less fear and anxiety.
Q2) ____________________ approaches are based on the premise that psychological disorders result from dysfunctional thinking and beliefs and that improvement comes from modifying thought patterns and beliefs.
A) Behavioral
B) Cognitive
C) Traditional
D) Conditioned
Q3) What is meant by the terms in-vivo and flooding?
Q4) How does a person's thoughts shape emotional and behavioral responses?
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Chapter 10: Evidence-Based Cognitive-Behavioral
Approaches: Dialectic Behavior Therapy and
Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
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Q1) TF-CBT utilizes ____________________ as an intervention in order to normalize trauma responses,develop realistic expectations,beliefs,and cognitions,and inspire hope.
A) psychoeducation
B) parenting skills training
C) relaxation techniques
D) affect expression and modulation
Q2) Regarding case conceptualization,a _________________ is typically done first in order to decide if TF-CBT is the most appropriate treatment intervention.
A) formal diagnostic assessment
B) client interview
C) trial session
D) trauma assessment
Q3) _____________________ is delivered through a comprehensive program of individual and group treatment modalities,including phone support and case consultation.
A) Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT)
B) Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT)
C) Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT)
D) Traditional behavioral therapy (TBT)
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Chapter 11: Systemic Family Counseling and Therapy
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Q1) When a counselor views the family as a system,this means that the counselor accepts the basic premise that ____________________________________.
A) one cannot not communicate
B) the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
C) one must be constantly in flux to maintain a sense of stability
D) people possess the ability to self-correct
Q2) List and describe 3 effective interventions employed by systemic therapists?
Q3) Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding a counselor's assessment of a family's boundaries?
A) Boundaries are far less complex than they appear at first glance.
B) Rigid boundaries can be accurately assessed without taking cultural and developmental variables into consideration.
C) Counselors must proceed slowly and mindfully to accurately assess where and how boundaries are a problem.
D) A family should not have boundaries as they inhibit intimacy and closeness among family members.
Q4) How does homeostasis play a role in the family structure and system?
Q5) What are the benefits of using systemic therapy with diverse client populations?
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Chapter 12: Solution-Based Approaches
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Q1) Utilizing the previous case example,how might a solution-based counselor assess the client's description of solutions and motivate the client to change?
A) Use the miracle question.
B) Increase Marcella's emotional awareness.
C) Identify Marcella's unconscious feelings about her brother.
D) Have Marcella speak to her brother using the empty chair method.
Q2) When a solution-based counselor uses the client's language to describe their experience,such as "ending the blahs",this is refer to as
A) channeling language
B) beginner's mind
C) optimism and hope
D) echoing client's key words
Q3) Solution-based counseling usually involves clients leaving the first session with
A) their problem resolved
B) action steps toward solutions
C) insight into the cause of their problem
D) increased emotional awareness
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Narrative and Collaborative Approaches
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Q1) What role does curiosity play in collaborative counseling?
Q2) The process that Collaborative counselors use to invite their client to join them in becoming curious about their lives in new ways is referred to as:
A) Re-configuration
B) Re-alignment
C) Meaning making
D) Mutual puzzling
Q3) The counseling relationship in Collaborative language systems is best described as a ________________; a process of being with the client,respecting the client's knowledge and expertise,and responding in a collaborative and dialogical mode.
A) hierarchical relationship
B) egalitarian relationship
C) mutually congruent relationship
D) conversational partnership
Q4) In what ways is collaborative counseling ideal for working with diverse populations?
Q5) What is externalizing and how is it used in narrative counseling?
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Chapter 14: Feminist and Multicultural Counseling and Psychotherapy
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Q1) Feminist counseling relationships should not be misinterpreted as conflict free."Good conflict" in a counseling relationship involves all EXCEPT:
A) each person feeling heard and understood.
B) each person remaining present and responsive.
C) each person feeling a sense of safety and trust.
D) each person never feeling disconnected.
Q2) Feminist and cultural counselors place high value in the client's ability to be authentically themselves in relationship with others.This can best be explained as the client __________
A) altering the self to fit the wishes of others at the expense of the client's own personal goals
B) remaining disconnected from all previous relationships prior to beginning counseling
C) reconnecting with others while avoiding sharing any parts of the client's self
D) having a sense of identity from developing a full awareness of the client's own personal values and wishes
Q3) How do feminist counselors view diagnosis?
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Chapter 15: Introduction to Theoretical Integration
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Q1) All of the following are ways to conceptualize the philosophy of an approach EXCEPT:
A) its concept of truth and reality.
B) the nature of the counseling relationship.
C) the role of the counselor in the change process.
D) the cultural context from which the counselor comes.
Q2) Most evidence-based treatments use _________________ to combine two or more theories into a single coherent theoretical model to improve or expand the potentials each theory may have alone.
A) common factors
B) assimilative integration
C) systemic treatment selection
D) favorite intervention integration
Q3) All of the following are schools with the post-modern philosophical approach EXCEPT:
A) constructivism.
B) social-constructivism.
C) structuralism/postconstructuralism.
D) individualism.
Q4) Why might a counselor want to use integration?
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Chapter 16: Integrative Case Conceptualization
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Q1) In humanistic approaches to counseling,such as person-centered and Gestalt,assessment focuses on the person's ability to experience and express their
A) appreciation for others
B) internal experience
C) authentic self
D) boundaries
Q2) After obtaining the background information about the problem,the counselor should be careful to _____________________________ when choosing words,ordering the information,and emphasizing particular details.
A) insert clinical opinions throughout B) include descriptive words and adjectives
C) be only positive
D) not impose bias
Q3) In the A-B-C Analysis of Irrational Beliefs,the A-B-C stands for which of the following?
A) A=Activating Event ? B=Behavior ? C=Commentary?
B) A= Activating Event ? B=Belief ? C=Consequence
C) A=Acceptance ? B=Behavior? C=Consequence
D) A= Acceptance ? B=Belief ? C=Commentary
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