Introduction to Corrections Review
Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Corrections provides an overview of the history, development, and current practices of the corrections system within the criminal justice field. This course examines the role of correctional institutions, probation, parole, and community-based corrections and explores their impact on offenders, victims, and society. Key topics include the goals of punishment and rehabilitation, correctional policies and legal issues, management of correctional facilities, inmate rights, and challenges such as overcrowding and recidivism. Students will analyze contemporary debates and reforms in corrections, emphasizing ethical considerations and the effectiveness of various correctional strategies.
Recommended Textbook Criminal Justice A Brief Introduction 12th Edition by Frank
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15 Chapters
647 Verified Questions
647 Flashcards
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Page 2
Schmalleger
Chapter 1: What Is Criminal Justice
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is meant by due process of law?
Answer: A right guaranteed by the Fifth,Sixth,and Fourteenth Amendments to the U.S.Constitution and generally understood,in legal concepts to mean the due course of legal proceedings according to the rules and forms established for the protection of individual rights.In criminal proceedings due process of law is generally understood to include: a law creating and defining the offense,an impartial tribunal having jurisdictional authority over the case,accusation in proper form,notice,and opportunity to defend,trial according to established procedures and discharge from all restraints or obligations unless convicted.
Q2) ___________ occurs when there is conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state,the federal government,or a local jurisdiction for which there is no legally acceptable justification or excuse.
Answer: Crime
Q3) The __________ model of criminal justice assumes that each of the component parts strive towards a common goal.
Answer: Consensus Model
Q4) Information
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Crime Picture
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36 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Each of the following offenses falls under the category of larceny except for:
A) robbery.
B) thefts from motor vehicles.
C) bicycle thefts.
D) shoplifting
Answer: A
Q2) Cybercrime is also known as:
A) Robbery
B) White Collar Crime
C) Theft of Computers
D) Crimes perpetuated through the use of computer technology
Answer: D
Q3) Simple assaults:
A) Involve the use of a weapon.
B) Cause the victim to require medical assistance.
C) Typically involve pushing and shoving.
D) Are more serious than aggravated assaults.
Answer: D
Q4) An unlawful attack by one person upon another is the crime of ________.
Answer: Assault
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Chapter 3: The Search for Causes
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36 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The attempt to categorize,understand,and predict the behavior of certain types of offenders based on behavioral clues they provide.
A)Post Modern Criminology
B)Psychological Profiling
C)Psychopathology
D)Psychosis
Answer: B
Q2) All deviant behavior is a violation of the criminal law.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Franz Joseph Gall is most closely associated with the __________ theories.
Answer: Biological Theory
Q4) Describe conflict theories of crime causation,including radical criminology and peacemaking criminology.
Answer: A theoretical approach that holds that crime is the natural consequence of economic and other social inequities.Conflict theorists highlight the stresses that can arise among and within social groups as they compete with one another for resources and for survival.
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Chapter 4: Criminal Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a person below the age required for adult prosecution commits a crime,it is termed an inchoate offense.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A legal defense in which the defendant claims that some personal condition or circumstance at the time of the act was such that he or she should not be held accountable under the criminal law.
A)Excuse
B)Justification
C)Alibi
D)Defense
Q3) Double Jeopardy allows a defendant to collect double damages in a civil suit.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A common law and constitutional prohibition against a second trial for the same offense.
A) ex post facto
B) entrapment
C) double jeopardy
D) stare decisis
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Policing: History and Structure
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Sample Questions
Q1) ___________ International is the preeminent international organization for private security professionals.
Q2) _______________ is the elected chief officer of a county law enforcement agency.
Q3) The Statute of Winchester: A) was written by Robert Peel. B) created the watch and ward.
C) was used by the Bow Street Runners to apprehend violent criminals. D) formed the new police.
Q4) Vigilantism is the act of taking the law into one's own hands.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The U.S.Coast Guard falls under the U.S.Navy Jurisdiction
A)True
B)False
Q6) The Federal Bureau of Investigation is part of the Department of ________.
Q7) Which of the following people was associated with London's New Police?
A) Charles Lynch
B) J. Edgar Hoover
C) Robert Peel
D) Alice Stebbins Wells
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Chapter 6: Policing: Purpose and Organization
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36 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The legalistic style of policing:
A) enforces the letter of the law.
B) seeks to legalize controversial forms of deviant behavior.
C) is marked by the order-maintenance function of the police.
D) requires police action in disruptive situations even if no law is broken.
Q2) A crime-analysis and police-management process built on crime mapping that was developed by the New York City Police Department.
A) POST
B) NLETS
C) Span of Control
D) Comp Stat
Q3) An approach to policing that stresses the service role of police officers and envisions a partnership between police agencies and their communities.
A)Community
B)Reform Era
C)Political Era
D)New Era
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8
Chapter 7: Policing: Legal Aspects
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Sample Questions
Q1) The U.S.Supreme Court ruled that informant information can establish probable cause if two criteria are met.Define the two criteria and cite the U.S.Supreme Court case that developed the two pronged test.
Q2) _______________ is a search that occurs in the suspect's absence and without his or her prior knowledge.
Q3) Compare and contrast the issues relative to electronic gathering evidence.
Q4) Which 1960s U.S.Supreme Court dramatically changed the day-to-day practice of American policing?
A)Warren Court
B)Eisenhower Court
C)Rehnquist Court
D) Burger Court
Q5) This Supreme Court case has become the basis for a brief "stop and frisk" based on a reasonable suspicion.
A) Miranda v. Arizona
B) Terry v. Ohio
C) Argersinger v. Hamlin
D) Brady v. U.S.
Q6) Chimel v.California involved searches of person's _________________.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Policing: Issues and Challenges
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the meaning of the term grass-eaters as a form of police corruption?
A) officers who keep drug contraband for themselves to sell
B) officers who accept bribes and minor services from citizens seeking to avoid arrest
C) officers who actively seek illicit money-making opportunities
D) officers who solicit bribes through threat or intimidation
Q2) __________ is the branch of a police organization tasked with investigating charges of wrongdoing involving members of the department.
Q3) Destruction of evidence,biased testimony,protection of crooked cops.
A)Role malfeasance
B)Criminal enterprise
C)Violent crimes
D)Gratuities
Q4) The Knapp Commission focused on corruption in the New York City Police Department.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Most officers who are shot are killed by __________ suspects armed with a single weapon.
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Chapter 9: The Courts: Structure and Participants
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Federal Court system is separated into three levels.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Prosecutorial discretion is the decision-making power of prosecutors,which is based on the wide range of choices available to them.List and describe three of these areas.Include the benefits and pitfalls of each area.
Q3) A licensed trial lawyer hired or appointed to conduct the legal defense of a person accused of a crime and to represent him or her before a court of law.
A)Defense Attorney
B)Bailiff
C)Judge
D)Public Defender
Q4) A licensed trial lawyer hired or appointed to conduct the legal defense of a person accused of a crime and to represent him or her before a court of law.
Q5) Trial de novo literally means a ________ trial.
Q6) Describe the history,purpose and rationale for the Dispute Resolution Center.What are the benefits and drawbacks to this program.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Pretrial Activities and the Criminal Trial
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36 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The practice where Defendants charged with very serious crimes,or those who are thought likely to escape or to injure others,are usually held in jail until trial is called______________.
Q2) Define and discuss the first appearance and the pre-trial release.What occurs at each stage of these pretrial activities? Why are they important?
Q3) Plea bargaining circumvents the trial process and dramatically reduces the time required for the resolution of a criminal case.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An " oral or written request made to a court at any time before,during,or after court proceedings,asking the court to make a specified finding,decision,or order." is also known as:
A) Motion
B) Hearsay Evidence
C) Direct Evidence
D) trial de novo
Q5) Discuss at least two different approaches used to improve the adjudication process.
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Chapter 11: Sentencing
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Sample Questions
Q1) List and define three of the five goals of criminal sentencing.Which of these goals do you believe is the most effective in dealing with defendants?
Q2) Proportionality
A)A model of criminal punishment that includes determinate and commission created presumptive sentencing schemes.
B)A sentencing principle that holds that an offender's criminal history should objectively be taken into account in sentencing decisions.
C)A model of criminal punishment in which an offender is given a fixed term of imprisonment that may be reduced by good time.
D)A sentencing principle that holds that the severity of the sanctions should bear a direct relationship to the seriousness of the crime.
Q3) Victim Impact statements generally have a profound impact on the sentence that a defendant receives.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The act of taking revenge on a criminal perpetrator is known as ______________ in criminal sentencing.
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13
Chapter 12: Probation,parole,and Community Corrections
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Sample Questions
Q1) A ____________________ is a sentence explicitly requiring the convicted offender to serve a period of confinement in a local,state,or federal facility,followed by a period of probation.
Q2) Revocation of probation or parole:
A) is not governed by any particular due process requirement. B) can be enacted merely on a decision to revoke made by the probationer's or parolee's probation or parole officer.
C) requires the concurrence of an appellate court judge. D) requires procedural safeguards including a hearing.
Q3) What type of probation might require face-to-face contacts between the officer and the probationer five times a week,a mandatory curfew,having a job,and submitting to weekly alcohol and drug testing?
A) concentrated B) intensive C) directed D) shock
Q4) The number of probation or parole clients assigned to one probation or parole officer for supervision is called their ______________.
Q5) Define and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of probation and parole.
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Chapter 13: Prisons and Jails
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Sample Questions
Q1) ___________ is most noted as the originator of what we know as today's early release program.
A) Sir Walter Crofton
B) Captain Alexander Maconochie
C) Zebulon Brockway
D) Robert Martinson
Q2) Prison Capacity
A)The number of inmates a prison can handle according to the judgment of experts.
B)The number of inmates a prison can effectively accommodate based upon management considerations.
C)The number of inmates a prison was intended to hold when it was built or modified.
D)The size of the correctional population an institution can effectively hold.
Q3) The Bureau of Prisons classifies its institutions into five categories.List and define those five categories and give examples of the type of inmate that is sent to each prison.
Q4) ________ release is a prison program through which inmates are temporarily released into the community to meet job responsibilities.
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Chapter 14: Prison Life
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71 Verified Questions
71 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Within a few years following the end of the hands-off doctrine,________ intervened in the running of prisons in numerous states.
A) the U.S. Attorney General
B) the federal courts
C) the United States Congress
D) the U.S. Bureau of Prisons
Q2) There are several important U.S.Supreme Court that had an impact on decisions relating to the treatment of juveniles.List three cases and describe the impact they had on the treatment of juveniles both in and out of the courtroom.
Q3) Career female offenders who have adapted to prison life and generally keep to themselves are known as the:
A) square
B) cool
C) life
D) homebody
Q4) Define and discuss the 1996 Prison Litigation Reform Act (PLRA).Why was this Act needed? Who benefitted from the passage of this act? Be comprehensive in your response.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Drugs and Crime
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Schedule I
A)controlled substances that are drugs with high abuse potential for which there is a currently accepted pharmacological or medical use.
B)controlled substances that have a relatively low potential for abuse and are useful in established medical treatments, and involve only a limited risk of psychological or physical dependence.
C)controlled substances that have lower abuse potential.They are drugs with an accepted medical use but may lead to a high level of psychological dependence or to moderate or low physical dependence."
D)controlled substances that have no established medical usage, cannot be used safely, and have great potential for abuse.
Q2) Schedule II drugs include all of the following except:
A) LSD.
B) cocaine.
C) opium.
D) morphine.
Q3) _____________ is the analysis of firearms,ammunition,projectiles,bombs,and explosives.
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Page 17