Introduction to Cognitive Science Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Cognitive Science offers an interdisciplinary exploration of the nature of the mind and intelligent behavior. The course examines how humans and other systems acquire, process, and represent information, drawing insights from psychology, neuroscience, computer science, philosophy, and linguistics. Students will engage with fundamental questions about perception, memory, language, reasoning, and consciousness, as well as emerging topics such as artificial intelligence and neural networks. Through lectures, readings, and interactive assignments, the course provides a foundational understanding of how cognitive processes shape our everyday experiences and technological advancements.
Recommended Textbook
Memory Foundations and Applications 3rd Edition by Bennett
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13 Chapters
1177 Verified Questions
1177 Flashcards
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Page 2
L. Schwartz
Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study of Memory
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the importance of empirical evidence.
Answer: Data must be verifiable and reliable.
Q2) Endel Tulving promoted and contributed to the:
A)return of behaviorism.
B)ecological validity in paired association.
C)historic approach to cognition.
D)the cognitive neuroscience approach to memory.
Answer: D
Q3) Ratings we make concerning our memory recall process are identified as:
A)memory intervention rating.
B)implicit judgment.
C)recall rating.
D)metamemory judgments.
Answer: D
Q4) Data points on the savings score will naturally coincide with the lines on a forgetting curve.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Memory and the Brain
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The hypothetical physical unit of storage of a memory is known as: A)memory.
B)engram.
C)neuron.
D)axon.
Answer: B
Q2) Information from neurons to neurons is accomplished by: A)axons.
B)synapses.
C)neurotransmitters.
D)dendrites.
Answer: C
Q3) Magnetoencephalography (MEG) uses an electrical sensor to detect small magnetic fields produced by electrical activity in the brain.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Terminal buttons are the ends of axon that hold ______. Answer: neurotransmitters
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Chapter 3: Working Memory
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113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ______ memory is visual sensory memory.
Answer: Iconic
Q2) In the Brown-Peterson task, rehearsal prevention means that:
A)a secondary task is given which prevents maintenance rehearsal of the to-be-remembered items.
B)participants are instructed not to use maintenance rehearsal.
C)maintenance rehearsal is prevented by presenting the words in a language not spoken by the participant.
D)participants use non-verbal coding of verbal materials.
Answer: A
Q3) According to George Miller, the capacity of working memory is estimated to be:
A)7 plus or minus 2.
B)8 plus or minus 1.
C)exactly 4.
D)there is no limit to its capacity.
Answer: A
Q4) Phonological loop effect is not impaired in the presence of background noise.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Episodic Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Godden and Baddeley's experiment on encoding specificity, the results revealed that:
A)if a diver studied underwater, he or she remembered more when tested underwater.
B)if a diver studied underwater, he or she remembered more when tested on land.
C)if a diver studied underwater, he or she remembered better when tested under the influence of alcohol.
D)if a diver studied underwater, he or she remembered better when tested with nicotine.
Q2) Rickie knows that Angela Merkel is the name of a chancellor of Germany.Rickie is retrieving this information from storage in:
A)autobiographical memory.
B)semantic memory.
C)episodic memory.
D)pedantic memory.
Q3) Episodic memories, compared to semantic memories, are more related to the past.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Levels of processing assume that most learning is ______, not intentional.
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Chapter 5: Semantic Memory
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84 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) An associative model means that we represent information in semantic memory in terms of connections among units of information.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The lexeme is the level of representation that stores the meaning of an item.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Syntax refers to the:
A)grammatical structure of language.
B)basic written units of language.
C)sounds and how they are used in a language.
D)meaning inherent in a language.
Q4) Semantic memory is:
A)a working memory system.
B)a long-term memory system for general world knowledge.
C)a long-term memory system for the words in our native languages.
D)a working memory system for visual information.
Q5) The effect of one word or idea on the processing of a related word or idea is called
Q6) What is spreading activation?
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Chapter 6: Visual Memory
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Sample
Questions
Q1) Brooks (1968) asked participants to imagine a letter, such as "T," in their mind's eye and then were asked to make decisions about the angles in that letter.He found that:
A)responding on the task was difficult because it taxed visual memory.
B)responding on the task using pointing was more difficult than speaking.
C)participants could only complete the task in a quiet room.
D)participants were faster in the task when the letters had been primed.
Q2) ______ representation essentially means that visual images are stored in a language-like code.
Q3) Which imagery technique dates all the way back to the ancient Greeks 2500 years ago?
A)the method of loci
B)the savings method
C)the key word method
D)the peg word method
Q4) Explain the term "cognitive maps" as they relate to spatial representation.
Q5) Photographic memory is based only on factual information.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain Hemifield neglect.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Autobiographical Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Talarico and Rubin (2007) compared memories of their personal whereabouts when they heard the news of 9/11 and an ordinary event around the same time.They found that ______ remained high for the news of 9/11 but dropped for the ordinary event.
Q2) Explain the psychodynamic view of childhood amnesia.
Q3) In the cue-word technique, an ordinary word is provided to participants and they are asked to provide the first memory-from any point in their life-which the word elicits.In general, when older adults are tested,
A)older adults remember few events from the very recent past.
B)older adults show a reminiscence bump; that is, they recall events from late childhood early adulthood better than events from before or after.
C)older adults show a reminiscence bump; that is, they show better memory for earliest childhood than do younger adults.
D)older adults do not show reminiscence effects.
Q4) Roxanne cannot recall any details from the first few years of life.This pattern is called encoding binaurality.
A)True
B)False
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9
Chapter 8: False Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Retrieval Active suppression means that people may deliberately force themselves to not remember the item.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Smith and Moynan (2008) found that when they supplied the category names to participants at time of test:
A)participants could recall items from categories they had not recalled earlier.
B)participants could not recall the items in a category if they had not recalled the category earlier.
C)participants could only recall categories-the items were all repressed.
D)participants had many false memories for the emotional categories.
Q3) Geraerts, Raymaekers, and Merckelbach (2008) found that spontaneous sudden memories are:
A)more likely to be correlated with documented histories of abuse.
B)less likely to be correlated with documented histories of abuse.
C)more likely to be false memories than those recovered gradually during therapy.
D)sometimes associated with hypnotic induction.
Q4) Examine and explain the Visual False Memory procedure.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Metamemory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Direct access theories:
A)result in much higher recall scores.
B)explain feelings of knowing but are useless to explain post-answer confidence.
C)explain metacognitive monitoring but not control.
D)refer to the idea that the judgments we make are based on the same processes that allow us to remember in the first place.
Q2) Metacognition refers to:
A)our ability to deflect our emotions onto recollective experiences.
B)our knowledge and awareness of our own cognitive processes.
C)our accuracy at predicting scientific phenomena.
D)our ability to recollect earlier tip-of-the-tongue experiences.
Q3) Sharlene, while studying, assesses the items she has been studying to determine if she has, in fact, learned them.This process of assessment is called metacognitive monitoring.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the difference between memory and metamemory.
Q5) The region of ______ learning means using an adaptive strategy to study those items that have not yet been learned but are not too difficult.
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Chapter 10: Memory Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) ECT (electroconvulsive shock therapy) is used to treat severe depression.It recreates the symptoms of Korsakoff's disease.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Patient JB has a deficit in the acquisition of new information.However, his intelligence is intact, he is aware of his memory deficit, and he is able to converse coherently.Your diagnosis?
A)Korsakoff's syndrome
B)frontal lobe pathology
C)amnesic syndrome
D)Capgrass syndrome
Q3) Unlike H.M., Clive Wearing showed severe:
A)retrograde amnesia.
B)deficits in language production.
C)anosognosia.
D)symptoms of Capgrass syndrome.
Q4) The area of the brain associated with anterograde amnesia is the ______ area.
Q5) Describe the function of implicit memory.
Q6) Elaborate on Dissociative Fugue.
Q7) Describe Capgras Syndrome.
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Chapter 11: Memory in Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Howe, Toth, and Cicchetti (2012) also found that children could use directed forgetting to inhibit items that they were not supposed to remember.They also found that:
A)false memories increased dramatically when children used directed forgetting.
B)directed forgetting also inhibited theory of mind performance.
C)feeling-of-knowing judgments were highly predictive of directed forgetting.
D)children were better able to inhibit emotional items than neutral items.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true about cultural differences and the development of autobiographical memory?
A)American children have a later offset of childhood amnesia than do Chinese children. B)Chinese children are more likely to be required to memorize early life events than American children.
C)American parents tend to discuss past events in a more elaborative style than do Chinese parents.
D)Chinese parents are more likely to encourage open-ended family discussions of past events.
Q3) Children between the ages of 3 and 6 do not use ______ encoding spontaneously.
Q4) Explain Wimmer and Perner's (1983) experiment on false belief.
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Chapter 12: Memory in Older Adults
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Sample Questions
Q1) With respect to memory accuracy, older adults are:
A)equally accurate relative to younger adults.
B)more accurate relative to younger adults.
C)less accurate relative to younger adults.
D)simultaneously more and less accurate relative to younger adults.
Q2) Explain suggestibility as it relates to memory.
Q3) Which of the following statements are true?
A)Older adults often show less negative correlations between their judgments of learning and their allocation of study time.
B)Older adults show an advantage in metacognitive control relative to younger adults.
C)Older adults typically have a deficit in theory of mind.
D)Slower reaction times are correlated with higher judgments of learning only in older adults.
Q4) Explain the inhibition theory.
Q5) Studies examining how older adults make judgments of learning (JOLs) find that there is no difference in ______ of JOLs between younger and older adults.
Q6) Explain directed forgetting.
Q7) Explain recall versus recognition in memory.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Memory Improvement and Learning Efficiency
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Sample Questions
Q1) Koriat, Bjork, Sheffer, and Bar (2004) examined people's abilities to anticipate forgetting.One group's judgments of learning were directed at a test to be taken in 10 minutes whereas another groups' judgments of learning were directed at a test to be taken 1 week later.They found that the judgments of learning were identical, even though those in the 1-week retention interval recalled fewer items than those in the 10-minute retention interval.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which best fits the idea of the Region of Proximal Learning?
A)all learning takes place in finite space.
B)we maximize our learning by studying the leading edge of difficulty.
C)massed practice can benefit if the test is immediate.
D)imagery can supplement JOLs.
Q3) One truism of memory improvement is there is no magic bullet-memory improvement requires work.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Judgments of learning ______ memory by alerting us to those items that need further study.
Q5) Explain stability bias.
Page 15
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