Introduction to Clinical Laboratory Practice
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Introduction to Clinical Laboratory Practice provides an overview of the essential principles, procedures, and professional standards involved in the clinical laboratory setting. The course introduces students to fundamental laboratory techniques, safety protocols, specimen collection and handling, quality assurance, and the roles of laboratory personnel within the healthcare team. Emphasis is placed on understanding the workflow of a clinical laboratory, the importance of accuracy and ethics in test results, and the use of basic laboratory equipment. By exploring routine diagnostic tests and their clinical significance, students gain the foundational knowledge necessary for further study and practical training in medical laboratory sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Linne Ringsruds Clinical Laboratory Science 7th Edition by Mary Louise Turgeon
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17 Chapters
529 Verified Questions
529 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Fundamentals of the Clinical Laboratory
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19 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Situational ethics is a system of judging acts:
A) by strict principles.
B) by categorical principles.
C) within a context.
D) by legal principles.
Answer: C
Q2) determines blood groups
A)hematology
B)clinical chemistry
C)immunohematology
D)immunology and serology
E)microbiology
Answer: C
Q3) The fastest growing segment of laboratory testing is:
A) dry reagent chemistry.
B) lab on a chip technology.
C) molecular diagnostics.
D) automation of blood cell counting.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Safety in the Clinical Laboratory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Infectious disease safety practices include:
A) educating and training all health workers in standard precautions.
B) providing disposable gloves.
C) monitoring compliance with protective biosafety policies.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
Q2) Safety in the clinical laboratory includes:
A) a formal safety program.
B) chemical hygiene plan.
C) bloodborne pathogen plan.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
Q3) Information related to hazards associated with chemicals in the workplace must be provided in:
A) Laboratory Policy Manual.
B) material safety data sheets (MSDSs).
C) Bloodborne Pathogen Standards information.
D) Standard Operating Procedures Manual.
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Quality Assessment and Quality Control in the Clinical Laboratory
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20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One way to determine a control range for a particular analysis is to:
A) assay an aliquot of the control serum with the regular batch of assays for 15 to 25 days.
B) treat a control sample exactly like an unknown specimen.
C) estimate the most reasonable value.
D) do both a and b.
Answer: B
Q2) shift
A)a gradual change in the control sample results
B)a sudden and sustained change in one direction in control sample values
C)when random error or lack of precision increases
Answer: B
Q3) Quality assessment programs include:
A) patient identification.
B) specimen procurement.
C) specimen transportation and processing procedures.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Phlebotomy: Collecting and Processing Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) A popular at-home point-of-care test (POCT)is for ____ testing.
A) thyroid
B) glucose
C) electrolyte
D) cholesterol
Q2) Quality assessment:
A) requires establishing policies that maintain and control processes involving the patient.
B) requires establishing policies that maintain and control the process of laboratory analysis of specimens.
C) regulates collection, transportation, and processing of patient specimens.
D) all of the above.
Q3) The draw volume of blood into an evacuated tube can be affected at greater than ____ feet of altitude.
A) 2000
B) 5000
C) 15,000
D) 25,000
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6
Chapter 5: The Microscope
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Sample Questions
Q1) The definition of Köhler illumination is the:
A) strength of the transmitted light.
B) light path through the microscope.
C) light path passing through the condenser of the microscope.
D) light path passing through the diaphragm of the microscope.
Q2) Fluorescent objects (natural,stained,or labeled)can be seen with a fluorescent microscope because they absorb the ____ light and emit light of yellow or ____ wavelength.
A) blue; green
B) red; orange
C) green; purple
D) purple; red
Q3) Oil needs to be removed from the:
A) ocular.
B) 10× objective.
C) 40× objective.
D) 100× objective.
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Chapter 6: Systems of Measurement, laboratory
Equipment, and Reagents
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Sample Questions
Q1) Distilled water is defined as water from which:
A) iron, magnesium, calcium, and other minerals have been removed by heating and cooling the vapor.
B) ions have been removed by charcoal filters.
C) microbiological organisms have been removed.
D) All of the above are correct.
Q2) What is the standard unit of volume in the metric system?
A) Meter
B) Gram
C) Liter
D) Feet
Q3) Convert 50° F to ° C (Celsius).
A) 5
B) 10
C) 20
D) 40
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Chapter 7: Laboratory Mathematics and Solution Preparation
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Sample Questions
Q1) blank solution
A)a solution prepared from a stock solution and usually stored in the refrigerator
B)one that contains a known, exact amount of the substance being measured
C)one that contains reagents used in the procedure but not the substance to be measured
Q2) If a serum specimen is diluted 1:2 with buffer beginning in tube 2 and serially rediluted 1:2 in each of five subsequent test tubes,what is the concentration of serum in tube 5?
A) 0.5
B) 0.25
C) 0.125
D) 0.06
Q3) Laboratory results should only contain the digits necessary for the precision of the determination.
A)True
B)False
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9
Chapter 8: Basic and New Techniques in the Clinical Laboratory
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Sample Questions
Q1) A popular at-home application of reflectance spectrophotometry in point-of-care testing (POCT)is:
A) blood volume estimation.
B) drug monitoring.
C) glucose monitoring.
D) pH determination.
Q2) >750
A)not visible (infrared light)
B)red
C)orange
D)yellow
E)green
F)blue
G)violet
H)not visible (ultraviolet light)
Q3) One of the most frequently used techniques in the clinical laboratory is:
A) spectrophotometry.
B) chemiluminescence.
C) nephelometry.
D) electrophoresis.
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Chapter 9: Delivery of Laboratory Testing From Point of
Care to Total Automation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Human chorionic gonadotropin (b-hCG)found in a woman's urine specimen is secreted by a fertilized egg,____ hours after implantation.
A) 24
B) 24-48
C) 48-72
D) more than 72
Q2) Handheld automated equipment has been developed for many applications,including blood coagulation and blood gases.Other measurements include:
A) electrolytes
B) urea
C) glucose
D) all of the above
Q3) LIS can be applied to:
A) specimen processing.
B) inventory control.
C) data entry on patients' charts.
D) all of the above.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Introduction to Clinical Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) CA 27.29
A)suggests early recurrence of breast cancer
B)secreted in endodermal sinus tumors
C)detected in choriocarcinoma
D)found in 20% of smokers
Q2) A major benefit of point-of-care testing (POCT)for blood glucose is that it:
A) allows for immediate intervention.
B) does not require oversight by the laboratory.
C) can only be performed by laboratory personnel.
D) eliminates the need for glucose testing in the laboratory.
Q3) It is important to record the exact time and date in relation to the last dose of the drug when drawing a blood specimen for therapeutic drug monitoring.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A reversal of the normal serum albumin/globulin (A/G)ratio occurs in ____ disease.
A) heart and lung
B) kidney and bone
C) heart and liver
D) kidney and liver
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Chapter 11: Principles and Practice of Clinical Hematology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mature RBCs that are larger than normal are called:
A) macrocytic.
B) microcytic.
C) ovalocytic.
D) normocytic.
Q2) Hemoglobin F makes up ____% of hemoglobin in an adult.
A) 5
B) 10
C) 25
D) 75
Q3) An initial evaluation of a blood smear should include):
A) an evaluation of the overall quality of the blood film.
B) an estimate of the red and white (leukocyte) blood cell counts.
C) a scan of the blood film for abnormal cells and clumps of platelets.
D) all of the above.
Q4) The reference range for the MCV is:
A) 65 to 85 pg.
B) 65 to 86 fL.
C) 80 to 96 g/dL.
D) 80 to 96 fL.
13
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Chapter 12: Introduction to Hemostasis
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Sample Questions
Q1) D-dimer assay is important in detecting:
A) factor VIII deficiency.
B) disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
C) fibrinogen deficiency.
D) defective platelet aggregation.
Q2) Natural anticoagulants include:
A) antithrombin III (AT-III).
B) protein C.
C) protein S.
D) all of the above.
Q3) A function or activity of platelets is to contain PF3 on or within the plasma membrane of the platelets.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The appropriate anticoagulant for prothrombin time assay is:
A) EDTA.
B) 3.2% sodium citrate.
C) 3.8% sodium citrate.
D) heparin.
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Chapter 13: Renal Physiology and Urinalysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) In testing for glucose in the urine,all of the following are true except:
A) if the blood glucose concentration becomes too high (usually greater than 180 to 200 mg/dL), the excess glucose will not be reabsorbed into the blood and will be eliminated from the body in the urine.
B) the renal threshold is the lowest blood glucose concentration that will result in glycosuria.
C) the most common condition in which the renal threshold for glucose is exceeded is diabetes mellitus.
D) the occurrence of glycosuria is diagnostic of diabetes mellitus.
Q2) Reagent strips for glucose detection use):
A) an enzyme, glucose oxidase.
B) a chemical, hydrogen peroxide.
C) a chemical, copper sulfate.
D) both a and b.
Q3) The growth of bacteria in urine produces a more acidic solution.
A)True
B)False
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15
Chapter 14: Examination of Body Fluids and Miscellaneous Specimens
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Sample Questions
Q1) If CSF has a xanthochromic appearance,it can indicate bleeding:
A) within 30 minutes to 1 hour.
B) within 1 to 2 hours.
C) between 12 hours and 2 to 4 weeks.
D) within the past month.
Q2) Ideally,a semen specimen should be analyzed within ____ of collection.
A) 30 minutes
B) 1 hour
C) 2 hours
D) 12 hours
Q3) An assay for fetal fibronectin (fFN)is performed,if the:
A) mother is having symptoms of premature labor.
B) fetus is suffering from hemolytic anemia.
C) parents want to know the gender of the fetus.
D) obstetrician wants to know if the fetus has a genetic disorder.
Q4) CSF specimens should be delivered to the laboratory:
A) immediately.
B) within an hour.
C) within 12 hours.
D) within 24 hours.
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Chapter 15: Introduction to Microbiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the appearance of a positive catalase test?
A) Fibrin clot
B) Bubbles of oxygen
C) Visible clumping
D) Blue-green color
Q2) A positive leukocyte esterase and nitrite test (urine rapid-screening test strips)indicates:
A) most likely the patient has a UTI.
B) the patient definitely does not have a UTI.
C) a new specimen should be collected because these tests indicate contamination.
D) the test strips are not reacting properly, and the quality control should be rechecked.
Q3) The prefix strepto- refers to bacteria in which of the following groupings?
A) Clusters
B) Pairs
C) Chains
D) Singular
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Chapter 16: Immunology and Serology
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Sample Questions
Q1) passive natural immunity
A)vaccination
B)infusion of plasma containing antibodies
C)obtained from colostrum
D)as a result of suffering from the disease
Q2) In testing for rheumatoid factor,systemic lupus,syphilis,or hepatitis can cause ____ results.
A) false-positive
B) false-negative
C) no effect on the test
D) either false positive or false negative
Q3) A type I hypersensitivity reaction in sensitive persons is associated with agents such as:
A) peanuts.
B) poison ivy.
C) yellow hornet insect stings.
D) both a and c.
Q4) Factors that influence an individual's defense against disease include age.
A)True
B)False
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Immunohematology and Transfusion Medicine
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rh antibodies belong to the ____ subclass of antibodies.
A) IgM
B) IgG
C) IgD
D) IgE
Q2) The latest standards for blood donor selection can be found at all of the following sources except:
A) www.arc.com.
B) AABB Standards for Blood Banks and Transfusion.
C) Federal Register.
D) Code of Federal Regulations.
Q3) An Rh-negative person has the genotype of:
A) cde/cde.
B) cDe/cDe.
C) Cde/cde.
D) CDE/CDE.
Q4) The proper temperature and duration of incubation are not critical to antigen-antibody reactions.
A)True
B)False
Page 19
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