Introduction to Child Psychology Review Questions
Course Introduction
Introduction to Child Psychology explores the fundamental principles and theories related to the psychological development of children from infancy through adolescence. The course examines cognitive, emotional, social, and physical development, highlighting the role of genetics, environment, and culture in shaping children's behavior and personalities. Students will analyze milestones in language acquisition, identity formation, and moral reasoning, while also addressing the impact of family, peers, and schools. Through case studies and research findings, the course provides insight into typical and atypical development, preparing students to understand and contribute to the well-being of children in diverse settings.
Recommended Textbook
Child Development An Active Learning Approach 3rd Edition by Laura E. Levine
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15 Chapters
1303 Verified Questions
1303 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction: Issues and Themes in Child Development
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78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Development is a mixture of both nature and nurture.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) In this textbook, the feature that is designed to help you learn about how our understanding of how children grow and develop has changed over time is the
A) true/False questions.
B) Journey of Research feature.
C) Active Learning feature.
D) chapter summaries.
Answer: B
Q3) Changes in the way that we think, understand and reason about the world is the domain of social-emotional development.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Theories of Development
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bandura's social cognitive theory added a third learning principle to classical and operant conditioning, which was that
A) reinforcement is more powerful in shaping behavior than punishment.
B) only involuntary responses can be classically conditioned.
C) shaping is an effective way to learn a new behavior.
D) people also can learn through imitation of behaviors they observe.
Answer: D
Q2) According to Piaget, when you encounter new information and it fits into an existing scheme, you can ____________ the new information.
A) transform
B) assimilate
C) accommodate
D) encode
Answer: B
Q3) The process of classical conditioning works on animals, but humans cannot be classically conditioned.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: How We Study Development
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77 Verified Questions
77 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When interviewing eight-year-old Shiloh, the interviewer asks, "How bad did you feel when your parents got divorced?" Is there bias in this question? How could you ask this question in an unbiased way?
Answer: Yes, there is bias in the question because it assumes that Shiloh felt bad when her parents got divorced. It also implies that feeling bad is a natural or expected response to divorce, which may not be the case for every child.
To ask this question in an unbiased way, the interviewer could rephrase it to something like, "How did you feel when your parents got divorced?" This allows Shiloh to express her own feelings without being influenced by the interviewer's assumptions. Additionally, the interviewer could ask open-ended questions such as, "Can you tell me about your experience when your parents got divorced?" This gives Shiloh the opportunity to share her thoughts and feelings in her own words without any preconceived notions from the interviewer.
Q2) A researcher does not have to collect her own data in order to conduct research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: How Children Develop: Nature Through Nurture
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75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of research is helpful in clarifying the interaction of genes and environment?
A) Studies that incorporate an experimental design.
B) Studies comparing identical and nonidentical twins.
C) Studies comparing parents and their children.
D) Studies involving ethnographic data collection.
Q2) Describe three ways in which researchers have used twins and children who have been adopted to study the contribution of genes to particular behaviors.
Q3) What is canalization? Describe the difference between deeply canalized traits and not deeply canalized genes.
Q4) Which statement is accurate regarding multiple births?
A) Triplets can only be identical or monozygotic.
B) Triplets can only be fraternal or dizygoticl.
C) Triplets can be a set of identical twins with a fraternal sibling.
D) Triplets only happen as a result of fertility drugs.
Q5) Explain how "nature through nurture" is different from "nature versus nurture".
Q6) What is the principle of pleiotropism? Provide an example of pleiotropism.
Q7) Describe and differentiate molecular genetics, behavioral genetics and behavioral genomics.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Prenatal Development, the Newborn, and the
Transition to Parenthood
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83 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cesarean sections are the most frequently performed surgical procedure in United States hospitals.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Data on pain control during labor and delivery show that in the United States
A) about three-quarters of women have an epidural or spinal analgesic to provide pain relief during their labor.
B) most women do not need any medication to provide pain relief while they are in labor. C) most women find that controlled breathing techniques are all that they need to manage their discomfort during labor.
D) three-quarters of women use an epidural during labor, but most report that it was ineffective in controlling their pain.
Q3) Discuss the following statement: "All mothers know instinctively how to take care of their new babies." Discuss the biological, individual and social factors that contribute to a mother's ability to nurture her new baby.
Q4) What are the three layers that form from the blastocyst and what does each layer become?
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Chapter 6: Physical Development: the Brain and the Body
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97 Verified Questions
97 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define and give one example each of experience-expectant brain development and experience-dependent brain development.
Q2) What is the sense called that involves feedback from receptors in our joints, muscles, and ligaments traveling to the part of the brain that controls movement to give us a sense of where the different parts of our body are in space without our needing to look at them?
A) Neurogenesis
B) Proprioception
C) Coordination
D) Proximodistal
Q3) The differentiation between sounds begins
A) in the womb.
B) immediately after birth.
C) at approximately two months of life.
D) at approximately six months of life.
Q4) Infants are born with almost all the neurons they will ever have.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is 'food insecurity' and what impact does it have on the children who experience it?
8
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Chapter 7: Cognitive Development
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92 Verified Questions
92 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An explanation for why students who study with distractions (for example, having the TV on, listening to music, or answering text messages) end up with a more superficial understanding of the information is that
A) the synapses run out of neurotransmitters to convey the information from one neuron to another.
B) divided attention stimulates the frontal-striatal area of the brain.
C) they cannot rely upon core knowledge to help them process the information.
D) when we divide our attention in this way, we do not use the part of the brain designed for deep processing.
Q2) When an adolescent can solve a complex problem by first formulating hypotheses and then testing those hypotheses in a systematic and logical way, the adolescent is engaging in
A) hypothetico-deductive reasoning.
B) transformative reasoning.
C) reversible operations.
D) dialectical thinking.
Q3) Teens often believe that they can successfully carry out many tasks at the same time. Discuss the evidence for or against their belief.
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Chapter 8: Intelligence and Academic Achievement
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91 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe three types of learning disabilities. What long-term outcomes are associated with having a learning disability?
Q2) One intervention that has been successful at reducing girls' misconception that they are not as good at math as boys are is to
A) put girls in advanced math classes and let them see for themselves that they are as capable as boys are.
B) provide out-of-the-classroom math activities and experiences for girls.
C) teach girls that the brain is like a muscle that can grow and change with use, not something that is fixed and unchangeable.
D) tell girls that all they need to do to succeed is to work harder.
Q3) If girls believe the stereotype that girls are not good at math, when they need to test their abilities in math it can create anxiety that can actually hurt their performance. This is called
A) a stereotype threat.
B) math anxiety.
C) a teacher expectation effect.
D) a math disability.
Q4) How is intellectual impairment diagnosed?
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Language Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you were interested in the meaning of words you would study
A) phonology.
B) syntax.
C) morphemes.
D) semantics.
Q2) Piaget describes children's inability to take the role of the person they are speaking to as
A) internal speech.
B) fast mapping.
C) private speech.
D) egocentric speech.
Q3) From birth, parents can identify why babies are crying.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When adolescents and adults write, their goal usually is to
A) transform information into ideas that they can share with their readers.
B) repeat as much information as they possibly can.
C) show their understanding of pragmatics.
D) engage in as much code switching as possible.
Q5) Describe the five basic aspects of language that researchers commonly study?
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Chapter 10: Emotional Development and Attachment
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) There are no difference in the incidence of depression among different ethnic groups of children and adolescents.
A)True
B)False
Q2) As we look at temperament throughout childhood and adolescence, based on research we could say that
A) there is a tendency for temperament to be stable over time, although smaller changes can occur.
B) temperament is a very unstable characteristic, especially during childhood.
C) there is seldom, if ever, any noticeable changes in temperament as children get older.
D) if there is going to be a change in temperament, it is most likely going to occur during adolescence.
Q3) "Emotions are the same the world over." Give evidence for and against this statement.
Q4) Define externalizing behavior problems and internalizing behavior problems and give two examples of each.
Q5) Give advice to new parents to help them understand how to foster secure attachment and tell them why this is so important.
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Chapter 11: Identity: the Self, Gender, and Moral Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which domain accounts for the majority of the variance or difference in global self-esteem among adolescents?
A) Physical appearance
B) Social competence
C) Scholastic competence
D) Behavioral conduct
Q2) Gays and lesbian often report that in childhood they felt that they were somehow different from other children.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Research on gender differences in moral reasoning has consistently found that boys use a morality of justice and girls use a morality of care in making moral decisions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Identical male twins are more likely to be similar in sexual preference than non-identical male twins.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Social Development: Social Cognition and Peer Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adolescents report that peer often pressure them away from negative behavior. A)True
B)False
Q2) Recursive thinking involves the ability to
A) think about what others are thinking that you are thinking.
B) take the perspective of another person and understand their motivation.
C) understanding that when the shape of an object changes, the process can be reversed.
D) stop thinking about intrusive thoughts.
Q3) If you heard a professor of child development say that young children become better at reading minds, you would know that she was talking about a child
A) engaging in recursive thinking.
B) developing a theory of mind.
C) internalizing his parents' values and beliefs.
D) understanding reversibility.
Q4) Preschool children can form friendships that last for months or even years. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Families
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recent research on the effect of maternal employment on infants' cognitive development found that
A) infants had lower levels of cognitive development and were less compliant if their mothers worked at all during the babies' first five years.
B) there were no differences, except that teachers rated the children of employed mothers as having higher achievement motivation and fewer internalizing problems.
C) infants of mothers who were employed had lowers levels of cognitive development, were less complaint, and were less securely attached.
D) infants from middle-class families were less social and had lower levels of cognitive development if their mothers worked.
Q2) Compare the parent effects model, the child effects model and the transactional model of parentchild interaction.
Q3) A teenager has stayed out past his curfew. Describe how an authoritative, an authoritarian, a permissive and an uninvolved parent would respond to this situation.
Q4) Explain how families have changed in the United States in the last 100 years.
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Chapter 14: Beyond Family and School: Activities, Media and
the Natural World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Unstructured time spent with friends during adolescence has been associated with A) greater imagination and creativity.
B) better social skills and a stronger peer network.
C) greater amounts of time spent with nonparental adults.
D) an increased risk of criminal activity, sexual activity, and drug and alcohol use.
Q2) For African-American adolescents, the more televised sports and music videos they watch, the higher their self-esteem.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One of the consequences of coaches not having a good understanding of child development is that
A) coaches often do not expect enough of the children they work with.
B) coaches do not understand how the children they work with are going to interpret what the coach is doing.
C) parents think that they can do a better job at coaching than the coach is doing.
D) coaches emphasize having fun while the children want to compete and develop skills.
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Chapter 15: Health, Well-Being, and Resilience
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of abuse is the most difficult to define and investigate?
A) Sexual abuse
B) Physical abuse
C) Neglect
D) Psychological and emotional abuse
Q2) Interventions to reduce the stigma related to mental disorders include:
A) summer camp-based programs for youth with mental disorders.
B) out-patient treatment in a group therapy setting.
C) school-based curricula and club-based activity after school.
D) separate classrooms in schools for children with mental disorders.
Q3) What happens after a report of suspected child abuse or neglect is investigated?
A) most investigations result in the child being removed from the family.
B) about three-quarter of reports are referred for services.
C) very few reports actually enter the child protective system.
D) at least one child is found to be a victim of abuse or neglect in less than one-quarter of the investigations.
Q4) Compare the symptoms of bipolar disorder in older teens and adults to the symptoms for this disorder found in younger children.
Q5) Describe behaviors associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
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