Introduction to Child Psychology Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Introduction to Child Psychology explores the fundamental theories, research methods, and developmental processes that shape the emotional, cognitive, and social growth of children from infancy through adolescence. The course examines key milestones in language acquisition, attachment, moral understanding, and identity formation, along with the influence of family, peers, and cultural factors. Students will also discuss the impact of genetics and environment on behavior, analyze contemporary issues affecting children, and evaluate practical applications for fostering healthy development and well-being.
Recommended Textbook
Children 13th Edition by John Santrock
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Q1) The pursuit of independence and an identity are prominent features of A)adulthood.
B)early childhood.
C)middle and late childhood.
D)adolescence.
Answer: D
Q2) According to Piaget,the _____ stage lasts from approximately two to seven years of age.In this stage,children begin to go beyond simply connecting sensory information with physical action and begin to represent the world with words,images,and drawings.
A)preoperational
B)concrete operational
C)sensorimotor
D)formal operational
Answer: A
Q3) Evaluate the psychoanalytic theories in terms of their contributions and criticisms. Answer: The contributions of psychoanalytic theories include these ideas: Criticisms of psychoanalytic theories include:
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Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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Q1) Which of the following is TRUE with regard to Down syndrome?
A)Down syndrome afflicts only males.
B)No remedial measures can be used to improve the quality of life and adaptive capacity of children with Down syndrome.
C)The risk of having a child with Down syndrome is a function of too low or high a maternal age.
D)Down syndrome is a sex-linked chromosomal abnormality.
Answer: C
Q2) Discovering the location of a gene (or genes)in relation to a marker gene (whose position is already known)is the goal of
A)genome-wide association method.
B)linkage analysis.
C)next-generation sequencing.
D)collective sampling.
Answer: B
Q3) Describe any two sources of variability that the human genetic process creates. Answer: Students' answers may vary.
Q4) Describe two chromosomal abnormalities that affect only males. Answer: Students' answers may vary.
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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Q1) Irregular breathing movements begin occurring in the fetus by the end of the _____ month.
A)third
B)fourth
C)fifth
D)sixth Answer: D
Q2) Benefits from doing water aerobics while pregnant include all of the following EXCEPT:
A)Reduced back pain
B)Decreased depression
C)Decreased anxiety
D)Decreased appetite Answer: D
Q3) The germinal period is approximately _____ long.
A)one month
B)two weeks
C)one week
D)two months Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Birth
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Q1) After discovering that they were expecting their first baby,Mark and Maxine began looking for ways in which they could prepare for the birth.Maxine was insistent that she did not want to be heavily medicated during the delivery.The couple agreed that they would prefer learning certain self-regulatory behaviors rather than relying on medications to make the birth easier.In order to do so,they enrolled in classes that coached them extensively in the physiology and anatomy of the birth process.They also learned to practice a special breathing technique to control pushing in the final stages of labor.With this knowledge and Mark's support and encouragement,Maxine was able to deliver a healthy full-term baby without any medical or surgical interventions.From this scenario,we can say that Mark and Maxine opted for a(n)_____ in order to have their baby.
A)cesarean section
B)prepared childbirth approach
C)waterbirth approach
D)induced labor approach
Q2) Afterbirth is the _____ stage in the birth process.
A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth
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Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy
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Q1) A boy is able to understand that a bicycle is smaller than a car even when a bicycle parked in front of him is creating a larger retinal image to him than the car,which is parked at a distance across the street.This shows that the boy has achieved
A)shape constancy.
B)dishabituation.
C)size constancy.
D)depth perception.
Q2) The first dose of vaccination for influenza is given to infants at the age of _____.
A)one year
B)six months
C)four months
D)two months
Q3) Nathan,who is ten months old,picks up small blocks using his thumb and forefinger.The type of grasp used by Nathan is called the _____ grip.
A)pencil
B)tripod
C)palmer
D)pincer
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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Q1) When compared to intelligence tests of older children,tests for infants are characterized by a
A)greater emphasis on measures of verbal intelligence.
B)lesser emphasis on perceptual-motor development.
C)greater emphasis on social interaction in infants.
D)lesser emphasis on relationship with the infant's caregiver(s).
Q2) Name the different processes delineated by Piaget to explain how children construct their understanding of the world.
Q3) Which of the following is a prerequisite condition for joint attention to occur?
A)Reciprocal interaction
B)Multiple caregivers
C)Infant's ability to use abstract thought
D)Infant's ability to use two-word utterances
Q4) What is object permanence?
Q5) _____ is defined as the decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentations of the stimulus.
A)Orientation
B)Investigation
C)Habituation
D)Imitation
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Socioemotional Development in Infancy
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Q1) Samuel is 18 months old.He can walk,climb,and open and close a door on his own.He takes pride in all his accomplishments and likes to do things independently. According to Erikson,Samuel is in the _____ stage of development.
A)autonomy versus shame and doubt
B)trust versus mistrust
C)identity versus role confusion
D)industry versus inferiority
Q2) According to a recent meta-analysis on the stability of attachment throughout the lifespan,attachment is
A)stable across all periods of development from birth till death.
B)stable for short intervals throughout the lifespan.
C)stable during infancy then becomes unstable in adulthood.
D)not measurable across the lifespan.
Q3) Reciprocal socialization occurs when
A)children socialize with peers.
B)parents socialize children.
C)children and parents socialize each other.
D)parents socialize children in ways similar to how their parents socialized them.
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Chapter 8: Physical Development in Early Childhood
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Q1) The individual most responsible for the safety and security of a child is
A)the child himself/herself.
B)a sibling.
C)the caregiver.
D)local law enforcement.
Q2) Golomb disagrees with Kellogg's view that
A)children's artistic productions are orderly,meaningful,and structured.
B)unintended irregularities of children's drawings suggest spontaneity,freedom,and directness.
C)children go through four fixed and distinguishable age-related stages as they learn to draw.
D)children's artistic ability is dependent of talent,motivation,family support,and cultural values.
Q3) Describe the pattern of physical growth in early childhood.
Q4) Describe the Denver Developmental Screening Test II?
Q5) A four-year-old is likely to be able to
A)copy two short words.
B)pour a glass of water without spilling.
C)create pictorial designs recognizable by adults.
D)reproduce words from memory.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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Q1) Jean Piaget's preoperational period extends from _____ years of age.
A)birth to two
B)two to seven
C)four to ten
D)seven to eleven
Q2) In a child-centered kindergarten,instruction is organized around the child's
A)cultural background.
B)level of metacognition understanding.
C)learning style.
D)economical background.
Q3) When parents and teachers engage in scaffolding practices,they are supporting which of the key principles to optimal word learning?
A)Children learn the words they hear most often.
B)Children learn words best when they access clear information about word meaning.
C)Children learn words best in responsive and interactive contexts rather than passive contexts.
D)Children learn words for things and events that interest them.
Q4) According to Vygotsky,what is the significance of private speech?
Q5) Describe the symbolic function substage of the preoperational stage.
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Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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Q1) What are the negative effects of television on children?
Q2) Research by Gershoff suggests that proponents of spanking have
A)failed to produce any positive outcomes associated with the practice.
B)focused only on milder forms of spanking.
C)been ignoring the use of alternative methods such as time outs for years.
D)have ignored the negative findings and only focused on the positive outcomes.
Q3) Self-descriptions of young children are unrealistically positive because they A)understand that differences in ability cannot be changed as easily as differences in effort.
B)engage in spontaneous social comparison of their abilities with those of others.
C)can clearly distinguish between their desired competence and their actual competence.
D)tend to compare their present abilities with what they could do at an earlier age.
Q4) An important function of the peer group is to
A)compensate for the effects of child maltreatement at home.
B)act as surrogate parents in situations where children are alone.
C)reinforce the consequences of the parenting style used at home.
D)provide a source of information about the world outside the family.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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Q1) Educational approaches that help children with hearing impairments to learn fall into two categories: oral and A)liberal.
B)conservative.
C)manual.
D)situational.
Q2) Laura,a music instructor,teaches a variety of musical instruments in her school.However,she offers musical lessons only to students who are old enough to learn complicated pieces fairly quickly.Which of the following is MOST likely to be the youngest accepted age for children who are interested to learn in Laura's school?
A)five years
B)eight years
C)ten years
D)six years
Q3) Articulation disorders are _____ disorders
A)learning
B)attention
C)hearing
D)speech
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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Q1) Metacognition is
A)learning about mindfulness.
B)learning about memory strategies.
C)knowing about knowing.
D)thinking about abstract concepts.
Q2) Organic retardation is caused by
A)an impoverished intellectual environment.
B)undernourishment during childhood.
C)a genetic disorder or brain damage.
D)traumatic experiences in early childhood.
Q3) Describe in general terms Jean Piaget's concrete operational stage.Then list and define the key characteristics of this stage.
Q4) During middle and late childhood,autobiographical memories become
A)less elaborate and less detailed.
B)more elaborate but less detailed.
C)more elaborate and more detailed.
D)briefer but more elaborate.
Q5) What are the eight frames of mind discussed by Howard Gardner?
Q7) Describe the concept of intelligence quotient. Page 14
Q6) Compare and contrast short-term memory and long-term memory.
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Page 15
Chapter 13: Socioemotional Development in Middle in Late Childhood
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Q1) Kevin is a middle school boy who routinely makes fun of others students online and often posts threats to his fellow students through his social media site.When Kevin reaches adolescence he is
A)likely to engage in criminal behavior.
B)likely to be popular.
C)probably going to be elected class president.
D)likely to become show a secure attachment to his parents.
Q2) Elana is a Middle Eastern female.She is most likely a A)lawyer.
B)housewife.
C)doctor.
D)teacher.
Q3) All of the following are potential outcomes of being bullied EXCEPT: A)Suicidal thoughts
B)Depression
C)Popularity
D)Attempt suicide
Q4) Describe the jigsaw classroom strategy for improving relationships among ethnically diverse students.
Q5) What are the five different peer statuses?
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Chapter 14: Physical Development in Adolescence
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Q1) The current profile of sexual activity of U.S.adolescents reveals that by the _____ grade,a majority of adolescents had reported having experienced a sexual intercourse.
A)ninth
B)tenth
C)eleventh
D)twelfth
Q2) Regarding substance abuse in adolescence,which of the following is TRUE?
A)Use of alcohol by high school seniors is higher now than it was in 1980.
B)Cigarette smoking has dropped nearly 50 percent since 1996.
C)Binge drinking is more common among females than males.
D)Most teens view cigarette smoking in a positive light.
Q3) In the United States,the average age of menarche
A)has increased rapidly over the last century.
B)has declined significantly since the mid-nineteenth century.
C)is likely to decrease substantially in the coming decades.
D)has remained unchanged over the last century expect for a slight increase in the incidence of precocious puberty.
Q4) Describe the development of an adolescent's sexual identity.
Q5) Explain the pattern of the pubertal growth spurt in boys and girls.
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Chapter 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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Q1) Which of the following is an example of the imaginary audience phenomenon?
A)Jean likes the challenge of dissecting frogs in his biology class.
B)Haley doesn't want to go to school today because everyone will see she is having a "bad hair" day.
C)Ashton sometimes takes LSD,yet she believes that she will never experience a "bad trip."
D)Bradley thinks that his parents have stupid political ideas,listen to horrible music,and are always doing annoying things.
Q2) _____ involves managing one's thoughts to engage in goal-directed behavior and self-control.
A)Mindfulness
B)Lower-order cognitive processes
C)Executive functioning
D)Mnemonic strategies
Q3) Lawrence Kohlberg's theory has been the basis for a number of _____ programs.
A)cognitive moral education
B)values clarification
C)service learning
D)character education
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Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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Q1) The career and work path the person wants to follow defines the individual's _____ identity.
A)intellectual
B)vocational
C)political
D)ethnic
Q2) Which of the following statements about cultural variations in adolescent experiences is TRUE?
A)In the Philippines,many female adolescents sacrifice their own futures by migrating to the city to earn money that they send home to their families.
B)Youth in the United States are marrying at younger ages than in past generations.
C)Youth in Russia are marrying at older ages than in past generations.
D)In the Middle East,most adolescents interact freely with the opposite sex in school.
Q3) Jodie,a teenager,has recently started stealing expensive cosmetics from department stores.Though she has been caught a few times by store personnel,she has not been arrested till date.Is she technically a juvenile delinquent? Why?
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