Course Introduction
Introduction to Chemistry
Final Exam Questions
Introduction to Chemistry provides a foundational understanding of the principles and concepts that form the basis of the chemical sciences. The course covers a range of topics including the structure of atoms and molecules, chemical reactions, stoichiometry, the periodic table, states of matter, and chemical bonding. Students will explore both theoretical concepts and practical laboratory techniques, developing problem-solving skills and scientific reasoning. This course is designed for those new to chemistry and those seeking a solid groundwork for more advanced studies in the physical and life sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Introductory Chemistry 5th Edition by Nivaldo J. Tro
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19 Chapters
2146 Verified Questions
2146 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Chemical World
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Sample Questions
Q1) A theory can only exist after many experiments have validated a hypothesis.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) All things are made of atoms or molecules.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q3) Combustion means burning.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) A sample of wood with a mass of 3.0 grams was burned in an open dish.The ashes weighed 1.2 grams.What happened to the rest of the wood?
A)The remaining mass was destroyed.
B)The remaining 1.8 grams was converted into gaseous compounds.
C)Nothing,the burned wood simply has a mass of 1.2 grams.
D)The remaining 1.8 grams was converted into heat.
E)none of the above
Answer: B
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Measurement and Problem Solving
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose a thermometer has marks at every one degree increment and the mercury level on the thermometer is exactly between the 25 and 26 degree Celsius marks.We should properly report the temperature measurement as:
A)25°C
B)26°C
C)25.5°C
D)25.50°C
E)25.55°C
Answer: C
Q2) The correct scientific notation for the number 0.00050210 is:
A)5.0210 × 10<sup>4</sup>
B)5.021 × 10<sup>-4</sup>
C)5.021 × 10<sup>4</sup>
D)5.0210 × 10<sup>-4</sup>
E)none of the above
Answer: D
Q3) All solids have the same density.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Matter and Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a chemical "cold pack" is activated,the chemical reactants absorb heat from the surroundings.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Liquids have definite volume and indefinite shape.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) From the following list of substances and heat capacities,choose the one that will have the lowest temperature after absorbing 100.0 kJ of heat.Assume identical masses of each substance start at the same initial temperature.
A)lead-0.128 J/g°C
B)copper-0.385 J/g°C
C)ethanol-2.42 J/g°C
D)water-4.18 J/g°C
E)not enough information
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Atoms and Elements
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Sample Questions
Q1) Protons and neutrons have similar masses and similar electrical charges.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Group 7A elements are also called:
A)noble gases.
B)halogens.
C)alkaline earth metals.
D)alkali metals.
E)none of the above
Q3) Which of the statements about the discovery of electrons is FALSE?
A)Because atoms are neutral,the existence of a negatively charged particle implied there must be a positively charged component of an atom.
B)Thomson proposed that electrons were small particles held within a positively charged sphere.
C)Rutherford proved the plum-pudding model correct.
D)The negatively charged electron is located outside the nucleus.
E)All of the above statements are true.
Q4) The number of protons in an atom's nucleus defines the element.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Molecules and Compounds
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the oxygen-to-hydrogen mass ratio for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>?
A)0.125
B)4
C)8
D)16
E)none of the above
Q2) What is the formula for an ionic compound made of barium and nitrogen?
A)Ba<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub>
B)Ba<sub>2</sub>N<sub>3</sub>
C)BaN
D)Ba<sub>2</sub>N<sub>4</sub>
E)none of the above
Q3) The proper name for the acid HF is hydrofluoric acid.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Carbon dioxide is an example of a molecular compound.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Chemical Composition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Calculate the molar mass of calcium nitrate.
A)136.03 g/mol
B)102.09 g/mol
C)132.10 g/mol
D)164.10 g/mol
E)none of the above
Q2) What is the mass percent of chlorine in hydrochloric acid?
A)2.8
B)35.5
C)97.2
D)70.1
E)none of the above
Q3) You have 10.0 g each of Na,C,Pb,Cu and Ne.Which contains the largest number of moles?
A)Na
B)C
C)Pb
D)Cu
E)Ne
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Chemical Reactions
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Sample Questions
Q1) When water is heated,bubbles form in the water.Is this evidence of a chemical reaction? Why?
A)No,boiling water is a physical change.
B)Yes,the formation of a gas is evidence of a chemical reaction.
C)No,the formation of gas bubbles is a secondary chemical reaction which is ignored.
D)Yes,the formation of a gas is proof a new compound has been made.
E)none of the above
Q2) What type of a reaction occurs when a silver nitrate solution is mixed with sodium chloride solution?
A)precipitation
B)acid-base neutralization
C)oxidation-reduction
D)gas evolution
E)no reaction
Q3) A strong electrolyte solution contains ionic compounds that completely dissociate in water.
A)True
B)False
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9
Chapter 8: Quantities in Chemical Reactions
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the limiting reactant for the reaction below given that you start with 2.50 grams C and 2.50 grams SiO<sub>2</sub>?
Reaction: C + SiO<sub>2</sub> SiC + O<sub>2</sub>
A)C
B)SiO<sub>2</sub>
C)SiC
D)O<sub>2</sub>
E)There is no limiting reactant.
Q2) How many moles of NH<sub>3</sub> can be produced by the reaction of 2.00 g of N<sub>2</sub> with 3.00 g H<sub>2</sub>?
Reaction: N<sub>2</sub>(g)+ 3 H<sub>2</sub>(g) 2 NH<sub>3</sub>(g)
A)0.143
B)0.0567
C)0.235
D)1.00
E)none of the above
Q3) The limiting reactant determines what the actual yield is.
A)True
B)False
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Electrons in Atoms and the Periodic Table
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Sample Questions
Q1) The distance between adjacent wave crests is called:
A)wavelength.
B)frequency.
C)trough.
D)nu.
E)none of the above
Q2) The n = ________ principal shell is the lowest that may contain a d-subshell.
A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)not enough information
Q3) Which orbital would the electron of a ground state hydrogen atom occupy?
A)1s
B)2p
C)0s
D)1p
E)none of the above
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11
Chapter 10: Chemical Bonding
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Sample Questions
Q1) How many lone electron pairs does the ClO (-1 charged)polyatomic anion have?
A)one
B)three
C)six
D)two
E)none of the above
Q2) Which compound listed below will dissolve in carbon tetrachloride,CCl<sub>4</sub>?
A)NaCl
B)CS<sub>2</sub>
C)NH<sub>3</sub>
D)all of the compounds
E)none of the compounds
Q3) What is the electron geometry if you have 2 electron groups around the center atom?
A)linear
B)trigonal planar
C)tetrahedral
D)trigonal bipyramidal
E)not enough information
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Chapter 11: Gases
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of following statements are consistent with the Kinetic Molecular Theory?
A)Gases are compressible because the volume taken up by the gas is almost entirely open space.
B)Gases assume the shape and volume of their container because they are in constant,straight-line motion.
C)Gases have a low density because there is so much empty space between the particles.
D)Gas particles collide with each other and surfaces without losing any energy.
E)All of the above statements are consistent with the Kinetic Molecular Theory.
Q2) A rigid cylinder contains 2.00 liters of gas at a temperature of 25°C.If the pressure of this gas is changed from 0.500 atmospheres to 1.50 atmospheres,what will be the new temperature (in Kelvin,reported to three significant figures)of the gas? (The volume is constant. )
A)99.3 K
B)75.0 K
C)8.33 K
D)894 K
E)none of the above
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Chapter 12: Liquids,solids,and Intermolecular Forces
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Sample Questions
Q1) The change of a substance from a liquid to a gaseous form is called:
A)dynamic equilibrium.
B)heat of fusion.
C)condensation.
D)vaporization.
E)volatile.
Q2) Gaseous water vapor can frost the windows of a car on a cold morning.This process of a gas changing directly into a solid is known as:
A)deposition.
B)melting.
C)condensation.
D)sublimation.
E)none of the above
Q3) Evaporation is:
A)increased by increasing temperature.
B)an endothermic process.
C)the opposite process to condensation.
D)a cooling process for humans when they sweat.
E)all of the above
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Chapter 13: Solutions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A sample of salt water will freeze at a higher temperature than a sample of pure water.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which compound below forms an electrolyte solution when dissolved in water?
A)Cl<sub>2</sub>
B)KOH
C)CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH
D)C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>22</sub>O<sub>11</sub> (sucrose)
E)none of the above
Q3) If you prepare a solution by adding sufficient amount of solute so that after heating and cooling the solution there is a visible amount of solid solute left in the bottom of the beaker,the solution would be considered ________.
A)unsaturated
B)saturated
C)supersaturated
D)thermally saturated
E)none of the above
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15
Chapter 14: Acids and Bases
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 35.0 mL sample of 0.225 M HBr was titrated with 42.3 mL of KOH.What is the concentration of the KOH?
A)0.157 M
B)0.303 M
C)0.272 M
D)0.186 M
E)none of the above
Q2) Acids turn litmus paper blue.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In general,the stronger the acid,the weaker is its conjugate base.
A)True
B)False
Q4) H is called the hydronium ion.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The burning of fossil fuels produces nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides which can react to form acid rain (nitric and sulfuric acids).
A)True
B)False
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Chemical Equilibrium
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is FALSE about enzymes?
A)They act as biological catalysts.
B)They lower the activation energy of biological reactions.
C)They increase the temperature of biological reactions to speed them up.
D)They are highly specific in their catalytic activity.
E)none of the above
Q2) The rate of a chemical reaction always remains the same from start to finish.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which statement below is FALSE?
A)The rate of a reaction can be increased by increasing concentrations of reactants.
B)The rate of a reaction can be increased by altering the temperature.
C)The rate of a reaction can be increased by adding a catalyst.
D)A catalyst alters the equilibrium constant.
E)All of the above are true.
Q4) The rate of a reaction increases with increasing concentrations of reactants because you have more collisions occurring in a given time period.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Oxidation and Reduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) The reaction 2 NO<sub>2</sub> N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> would not be considered a redox reaction.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The sum of the oxidation numbers of all atoms in K<sub>2</sub>Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> equals zero.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Corrosion is the:
A)oxidation of nonmetals.
B)loss of electrons.
C)oxidation of metals.
D)formation of an insoluble hydroxide. E)none of the above
Q4) Redox reactions must involve the gain or loss of oxygen atoms. A)True B)False
Q5) Oxidation can be defined as the gain of oxygen atoms by another element. A)True B)False
18
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Chapter 17: Radioactivity and Nuclear Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Carbon-14 dating is based on the fact that C-14 is continuously being made in the upper atmosphere.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Nuclides that decay slowly have long half-lives.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What type of radioactive decay produces a daughter nuclide that is the same element as the parent nuclide?
A)alpha
B)beta
C)gamma
D)positron
E)none of the above
Q4) During the career of Marie Curie,she:
A)won a Nobel prize in chemistry.
B)won a Nobel prize in physics.
C)discovered the element polonium.
D)discovered the element radium.
E)all of the above
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Organic Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Isomers are compounds with the same structures but different formulas.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which condensed structural formula is known as the propyl group?
A)-CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> B)-CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>
C)-CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> D)-CH<sub>3</sub>
E)none of the above
Q3) R-O-R is an ether functional group.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How many isomers exist for the alkane whose molecular formula is C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>?
A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
E)none
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Chapter 19: Biochemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a polysaccharide is digested in the body ,it will yield many monosaccharide units.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Lipids are considered to be more soluble in water than in other solvents.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A triglyceride is a fat or oil that contains a fatty acid bonded to three glycerol molecules.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The human genome project showed that humans have approximately ________ genes.
A)46
B)20,000
C)36,000
D)3 Million
E)none of the above
Q5) Fatty acids differ only in their "R" group.
A)True
B)False
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