Introduction to Canadian Nursing Study Guide Questions - 375 Verified Questions

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Introduction to Canadian Nursing Study Guide Questions

Course Introduction

Introduction to Canadian Nursing provides an overview of the Canadian healthcare system and the unique roles and responsibilities of nurses within this context. Students will explore the historical development of nursing in Canada, the regulatory framework governing the profession, and the ethical and legal foundations essential to practice. The course covers core concepts such as cultural competence, client-centered care, interprofessional collaboration, and the importance of evidence-based practice. Emphasis is placed on understanding the diversity of Canadian society, Indigenous health perspectives, and the challenges and opportunities nurses face in delivering care across varied settings.

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Canadian Nursing Issues and Perspectives 5th Edition by Janet C. Ross

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375 Verified Questions

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Chapter 1: The Canadian Health Care System

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Q1) The federal government's first foray into health care financing occurred through the National Health Grants Program in which year?

A)1945

B)1946

C)1947

D)1948

Answer: D

Q2) There was much variation among the provinces in relation to user charges and extra billing during the 1970s. Which province had the most restrictive rules related to extra billing?

A)Prince Edward Island

B)Quebec

C)Alberta

D)Manitoba

Answer: B

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Q1) The story of the early colonization of which area in Canada parallels the development of nursing?

A)New Brunswick

B)New France

C)Quebec

D)Prince Edward Island

Answer: B

Q2) Which following period is referred to as the advent of modern nursing in Canada?

A)1834-1874

B)1874-1914

C)1914-1954

D)1954-1994

Answer: B

Q3) Which following group represents the first nurses in Canada who tended to the sick?

A)Jesuit priests

B)European females

C)Aboriginal females

D)Male attendants at a sick bay

Answer: D

Page 4

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Chapter 3: Professionalization in Canadian Nursing

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Q1) In which year did nursing education begin in Canada?

A)1865

B)1874

C)1883

D)1892

Answer: B

Q2) Which province is accredited with initiating the first university nursing degree program in Canada?

A)Ontario

B)Quebec

C)Newfoundland

D)British Columbia

Answer: D

Q3) In which year was the first North American Code of Ethics for nursing published?

A)1945

B)1950

C)1955

D)1960

Answer: B

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Page 5

Chapter 4: The Professional Image: Impact and Strategies for Change

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Q1) Which following word is a characteristic of "The Heroine" nursing image?

A)Modest

B)Cooperative

C)Autonomous

D)Methodological

Q2) According to Kalisch and Kalisch (1982), which one of the following is considered to be the ideal image for the nurse?

A)The Careerist

B)The Technologist

C)The Practitioner

D)The Health Care Professional

Q3) Which one of the following approaches could enhance the image of nursing?

A)Have nurses conduct needs assessments of the public

B)Give out awards for positive media portrayal of nurses

C)Provide nursing recruitment materials that focus on technological competence

D)Emphasize the nonprofessional aspects of employment in nursing

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Chapter 5: Issues of Gender and Diversity in Nursing

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Q1) Which following fundamental ideal does feminism espouse?

A)Valuing women

B)Degrading men

C)Valuing women and men

D)Opposing traditional institutions

Q2) Which following group describes the first nurses that came to Canada to care for the sick?

A)Nuns

B)Jesuit priests

C)Male attendants

D)Untrained females

Q3) Which of the following reflects the liberal feminist stance as identified by Chinn and Wheeler in 1985?

A)The resolution of all inequalities

B)Analysis of socio-cultural phenomena

C)Women are seen as an oppressed group

D)Issues need to be defined from a female perspective of the world

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Chapter 6: Theoretical Issues in Nursing

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Q1) Which following method was used by early nurses to develop the capacity for nursing reasoning?

A)Analytical processes

B)Conceptual processes

C)Educational objectives

D)Reflection, trial, and error

Q2) What name was given to the initial conceptual frameworks that were created by early nursing scholars?

A)Nursing models

B)Nursing theories

C)Definitions of nursing

D)Conceptualizations of nursing practice

Q3) Which following person is credited with formalizing the knowledge and practice of nursing into a professional context?

A)Jean Watson

B)Virginia Henderson

C)Florence Nightingale

D)Marie Guenet de St. Ignace

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8

Chapter 7: Thinking Philosophically in Nursing

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Q1) Which of the following initiated the enterprise to base the development of a body of nursing knowledge on conceptions of the nature of nursing?

A)Nursing practice

B)Nursing research

C)Nursing education

D)Nursing administration

Q2) The document Toward 2020: Visions for Nursing states that generic terms will have replaced profession-specific terms such as which one of the following?

A)Nursing care

B)Nursing roles

C)Nursing diagnosis

D)Nursing positions

Q3) Increasingly, university students are choosing their courses and careers almost purely for which following reason?

A)Financial gain

B)Pragmatism

C)Inquisitiveness

D)Attractiveness

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9

Chapter 8: Nursing Research in Canada

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Q1) The collaborative efforts of administrators and unit managers to work together to create a research environment can help ensure which following outcome?

A)A safe environment in which nurses feel able to question practice

B)Little need for outside consultation about issues

C)Research activities and professional development during days off

D)No need for allocation of agency resources to research-based nursing practice

Q2) Which following reason is cited as being responsible for the research funding boom that occurred in the 1990s?

A)Acceptance of critical social theory

B)The ease with which grants could be obtained

C)The economic and political climate of the time

D)Isolation of researchers into sole discipline teams

Q3) In which year was the first national conference on nursing research in Canada held?

A)1961

B)1966

C)1971

D)1976

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Chapter 9: Knowledge Translation and Evidence-Informed Practice

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Q1) Which one of the following is a barrier to research utilization?

A)Cost and time constraints

B)Positive attitudes about research

C)The large quantity of research on a particular subject

D)Lack of organizational and administrative support for research

Q2) In recent years, the pharmaceutical industry has taken an active role in knowledge transfer and has broadened its target audience to include which following group?

A)Nurses

B)The public

C)Hospitals

D)Universities

Q3) What is the estimated time frame from the creation of new knowledge until it is used in practice?

A)1-2 years

B)3-5 years

C)6-10 years

D)8-15 years

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Chapter 10: Health Informatics and Canadian Nursing Practice

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Q1) According to the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP), to fully describe nursing diagnosis, terms from which following axis, in addition to the Judgement Axis, must be used?

A)Time

B)Focus

C)Patient

D)Location

Q2) Which type of consistent representation between nursing reference terminologies and interface terminologies does the ISO 18104 Reference Terminology Model for Nursing set forth?

A)Ontological

B)Deontological

C)Utilitarianism

D)Categorical imperative

Q3) In what year was the Canadian Health Infoway incorporated?

A)1991

B)1996

C)2001

D)2006

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Chapter 11: Primary Health Care: Challenges and Opportunities for the Nursing Profession

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Q1) Which one of the following may limit the potential for Primary Health Care?

A)Funding

B)Human resources

C)Resource allocation

D)Inconsistent terminology

Q2) Recently it has been suggested that the Primary Health Care principle of accessibility needs to be expanded beyond its conventional meaning of access to include which one of the following?

A)Care services related to the determinants of health

B)Medical, dental, and alternative health care providers

C)All people in Canada, regardless of citizenship

D)The creation of a two-tiered health care system to help fund the PHC philosophy

Q3) Which following action is an example of a Primary Health Care strategy in Canada?

A)Providing unit space for computers

B)Increasing the number of acute-care beds in hospitals

C)Developing nurse practitioner legislation

D)Lobbying for open visiting hours for all inpatients

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Chapter 12: Quality of Care: From Quality Assurance and Improvement to Cultures of Patient Safety

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Q1) What was eliminated from the Canadian Council on Health Services Accreditation (CCHSA) Survey Standards in the early 1990s?

A)A quality improvement focus

B)Facility-wide integration of processes

C)Separate standards for departments providing patient care

D)Methods for identifying unsafe practice by health care providers

Q2) Which of the following is the common denominator of all quality assurance programs?

A)Process

B)Outcome

C)Standards

D)Structure

Q3) Which one of the following is a limitation of most quality assurance programs?

A)The high validity of the instruments used for evaluation.

B)The retrospective focus on achievement of standards.

C)The need to achieve predetermined standards in the clinical setting.

D)The acceptable reliability of the instruments used for assessment.

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Page 14

Chapter 13: The Practising Nurse and the Law

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Q1) What is the primary purpose of creating health records?

A)To measure workload

B)To facilitate communication

C)To satisfy accreditation standards

D)To promote jurisdictional sharing of health information

Q2) The tort of battery involves which one of the following?

A)An injury

B)Intentional touching

C)Implied or informed consent

D)The right to decide treatment options

Q3) How is evidence of a nurse-patient relationship most frequently established?

A)Consulting a patient's record

B)Consulting patient interviews

C)Consulting colleague interviews

D)Consulting organizational employment contracts

Q4) Which one of the following is an example of an intentional tort?

A)Libel and slander

B)Use of restraints

C)Medication error in time

D)Medication error in amount

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Chapter 14: Ethical Issues and Dilemmas in Nursing Practice

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Q1) Which of the following is a principle of just allocation of health care resources?

A)Only futile treatment should be provided.

B)A superior level of health care should be provided to everyone.

C)Allocation criteria should be established in a public and democratic process.

D)Resource allocation is based on the amount of research funds that an organization can attract.

Q2) Which of the following represents a societal concern about allowing the mentally ill to refuse treatment?

A)A mentally ill patient lacks the ability to express autonomy.

B)A mentally ill patient may become an economic burden if untreated.

C)Mentally ill patients lack community integration and support.

D)Mentally ill patients are vulnerable to having their rights disregarded.

Q3) Which of the following is a value outlined in the Canadian Nurses Association Code of Ethics (2008)?

A)Preserving dignity

B)Promoting autonomy

C)Maintaining anonymity

D)Maintaining social equity

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Chapter 15: Shortage or Oversupply the Nursing Workforce

Pendulum

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Q1) The absence of which position can be seen as evidence of the devaluing of nurses' work?

A)Personal support worker

B)Unit manager

C)Union representative

D)Chief executive nurse

Q2) Which following factor is contributing to the requirement for higher efficiency and productivity in nursing?

A)An increase in the fertility rate

B)A decrease in the mortality rate

C)A reduction in birth rates, causing a decrease in the population

D)A decrease in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection

Q3) Which of the following is a challenge that continues to face the nursing profession?

A)Professional structures that are quick to empower nurses

B)Structural changes that increase the quality of work-life balance

C)Coordinated retention and recruitment strategies

D)Full-time versus part-time employment

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Page 17

Chapter 16: Political Awareness in Nursing

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Q1) Politics is a domain of which one of the following?

A)Psychology

B)Philosophy

C)Political science

D)The government

Q2) Which one of the following is a characteristic of an effective political strategy?

A)It is costly.

B)It is labour-intensive.

C)It results in action always being taken.

D)It has no negative consequences.

Q3) Which of the following is the most important factor for success in the political arena?

A)An advanced education

B)Holding a key political position

C)Effective interpersonal communication skills

D)An in-depth understanding of the political system

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Chapter 17: Emergence of Nursing Unions As a Social Force in Canada

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Q1) According to Statistics Canada, the average nursing professional is off sick approximately how many days a year?

A)5

B)10

C)15

D)20

Q2) In which province did a legal case serve as a catalyst to the development of nursing unions?

A)Alberta

B)Nova Scotia

C)Saskatchewan

D)British Columbia

Q3) Which one of the following is a potential source of conflict between professional associations and unions?

A)Salaries

B)Standards of practice

C)Code of Ethics statements

D)The use of strike as bargaining weapon

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Chapter 18: The Origins and Development of Nursing

Education in Canada

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Q1) In the 1920s, the Weir Report identified the health of nursing students as a concern. At that time, student nurses were required to work up to how many hours per week?

A)45

B)54

C)78

D)87

Q2) A pilot study by the Canadian Nurses Association designed to determine whether schools were ready for a national voluntary accreditation program found that approximately which percentage of schools met the criteria for accreditation?

A)0%

B)16%

C)32%

D)48%

Q3) Who was the first lay nurse of New France?

A)Jeanne Mance

B)Florence Nightingale

C)Mary Adelaide Nutting

D)Sister Mary Ann Nodule

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Chapter 19: Entry to Practice: Striving for the Baccalaureate

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Q1) Which province continues to offer a diploma program in nursing education?

A)Ontario

B)Manitoba

C)Nova Scotia

D)Newfoundland

Q2) Which province had the first collaborative four-year baccalaureate program in nursing arranged between a university and a community college?

A)Alberta

B)Ontario

C)Saskatchewan

D)British Columbia

Q3) In which year was the first collaborative school of nursing and university nursing education program offered, enhancing the entry-to-practice position?

A)1984

B)1989

C)1994

D)1998

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Chapter 20: Credentialing in Nursing

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Q1) What was the main reason for nursing leaders to secure legislation for registration?

A)To protect nurses

B)To protect the public

C)To secure professional nursing positions

D)To ensure that nursing professors were adequately prepared

Q2) Which following option represents the earliest form of credentialing?

A)The employment of lay nurses

B)Nurses working together with midwives

C)Evidence of graduation from a school of nursing

D)Certification in a nursing specialty, for example, intensive care nursing

Q3) In most Canadian provinces, evidence of current nursing knowledge and skills is demonstrated in which following way?

A)The nurse demonstrates a minimum number of in-services per year.

B)The nurse demonstrates participation in mandatory continuing education programs.

C)The nurse demonstrates a record of satisfactory nursing practice.

D)The nurse demonstrates a certain number of practice days per year, at his or her own discretion.

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Chapter 21: The Growth of Graduate Education in Nursing in Canada

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Q1) How many doctoral nursing programs were available in Canada in 2009?

A)11

B)13

C)15

D)17

Q2) Which following reason is cited for why Canadian nurses were still travelling to the United States for graduate study during the 1960s, instead of enrolling in the new Canadian graduate nursing programs?

A)Historical precedent

B)There was less competition in the US programs.

C)The US programs had lower tuition fees.

D)Canadian programs had too many choices for nursing specialties.

Q3) Which following model is still favoured in doctoral programs with respect to research training?

A)Subservient model

B)Apprenticeship model

C)Medical science model

D)Health and illness continuum model

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Chapter 22: Career Development in Nursing

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Q1) The current health care environment in Canada fosters which following outcome for nurses?

A)Increased supply of nurses

B)Expansion of nursing roles

C)Decrease in specialization

D)Return to traditional nursing roles

Q2) You should anticipate that which following question may be asked during the interview?

A)Are you married?

B)Where do you live?

C)What are your strengths?

D)Will transportation to work be a problem?

Q3) What is the minimum education requirement for a nursing research career?

A)Master's degree

B)Doctorate degree

C)Baccalaureate degree

D)Post-baccalaureate education

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Page 24

Chapter 23: Monitoring Standards in Nursing Education

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Q1) In which province is the responsibility for defining and monitoring standards in nursing education not assumed by the provincial nursing association?

A)Prince Edward Island

B)Quebec

C)Newfoundland

D)British Columbia

Q2) In which year did the first Canadian province achieve the goal of establishing a baccalaureate degree as the minimum preparation for entry into nursing?

A)1990

B)1992

C)1994

D)1996

Q3) Which of the following is one of the two basic mechanisms used to monitor educational programs?

A)Approval

B)Registration

C)Documentation

D)Implementation

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25

Chapter 24: International Nursing: Looking Beyond Our Borders

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Q1) Which of the following continues to be one of the most significant global population issues?

A)SARS

B)H1N1

C)HIV/AIDS

D)Starvation and dehydration

Q2) Which of the following represents Canada's largest visible minority group?

A)Black people

B)Chinese people

C)Germans

D)South Asians

Q3) The Islamabad Declaration on Strengthening Nursing and Midwifery (2007) recommended urgent action for which one of the following?

A)Eliminating midwifery

B)Advancing reproductive technologies

C)Implementing positive workplace environments

D)Partnering with the Medical Society for apprenticeship training

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Page 26

Chapter 25: Internationalizing Nursing in Canada:

Perspectives in Nursing Practice and Education

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Q1) Capacity building involves complex learning, adaptation, and which other following element at the individual, group, organizational, and societal levels?

A)Money

B)Sustainability

C)Attitudinal changes

D)Behavioural modification

Q2) The development of nursing is influenced by which three potent factors?

A)Power, money, resources

B)Gender, legislation, regulation

C)Power, gender, medicalization of health services

D)Legislation, accountability, education

Q3) International placements and student exchanges are major activities within which following category of strategies for internationalizing Canadian nursing?

A)Bringing in

B)Cross-training

C)Reaching out

D)Sustainable development

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